Infection and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.","authors":"Jun-Won Seo, Yu Bin Seo, Seong Eun Kim, Yoonjung Kim, Eun Jung Kim, Tark Kim, Taehwa Kim, So Hee Lee, Eunjung Lee, Jacob Lee, Yeong-Hoon Jeong, Yeong Hee Jung, Yu Jung Choi, Joon Young Song","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0151","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The guidelines presented herewith are based on the \"Clinical Practice Guideline Recommendations for Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)\" published in <i>Infection & Chemotherapy</i> in March 2024; these guidelines have been refined by incorporating the most recent Korean and international research findings and clinical evidence published since then. In the context of patients experiencing various physical and mental symptoms that persist long after the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, the diagnosis and management of PASC has emerged as a novel public health challenge. These guidelines are intended to provide standardized diagnostic and management recommendations applicable to the Korean healthcare setting and were developed through a comprehensive review of existing guidelines from organizations such as the World Health Organization, the United States National Institutes of Health, the United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, along with the latest meta-analyses and Korean cohort studies. PASC is defined as the persistent presence of symptoms and signs lasting more than 3 months after COVID-19 diagnosis for which the symptoms cannot be explained by alternative diagnoses. The revised guidelines emphasize the importance of integrated management for patients with PASC, including a multidisciplinary approach considering risk groups, symptom-specific assessment, and rehabilitation and psychological interventions, based on a total of 32 key questions. This revision reflects rapidly evolving research trends regarding the long-term effects of COVID-19 and is expected to serve as an evidence-based standard guideline for future patient care, clinical research, and health policy development in Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 4","pages":"478-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Changing Genotypes and <i>tetB</i> Carriage in CRAB in Korean Children - Implications for Minocycline Use.","authors":"Taeeun Kim, Yong Pil Chong","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0125","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 4","pages":"615-616"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Blood Culture Contamination Rates Sustained in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Hiroyuki Aiba, Masaki Yamada, Chikara Ogimi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0072","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to many changes in medical practice. For example, some adult studies have reported that the strict implementation of universal precautions increased blood culture contamination rates. However, little evidence exists in children, and its relevance to pediatrics remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary children's hospital in Japan where the emergency department (ED) physicians receive active monthly feedback for changes in blood culture contamination rates. The data were extracted from medical records of children under 18 years old. The number of patients who visited the ED, number of blood culture bottles drawn, results of positive blood cultures, and sources of infection were compared between the pre-COVID-19 (1/2017-12/2019) and COVID-19 (1/2020-12/2022) periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During each period, 83,224 and 57,742 patients visited the ED, and 12,571 and 9,409 blood cultures were obtained, respectively. The contamination rates were unchanged, with average rates of 1.0% in both periods (<i>P</i>=0.54). Occult bacteremia decreased (from 36 to 9 cases; <i>P</i>=0.015), and the proportion of bacteremia attributable to respiratory pathogens also declined (<i>P</i>=0.015).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active feedback is likely to maintain low contamination rates during the pandemic. The decrease in occult bacteremia suggests that enhanced infection control measures influenced pediatric infectious disease patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"541-549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of Possible Mucormycosis Coinfection, Detected by Plasma Mucorales PCR, in Patients with Proven or Probable Aspergillosis.","authors":"Hyeon Mu Jang, Ji Yeun Kim, Woori Kim, Choi Young Jang, Hyeonji Seo, So Yun Lim, Sung-Han Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0074","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Data on coinfection with <i>Aspergillus</i> and Mucorales are limited, although identifying such coinfection is important for its management. The diagnosis of mucormycosis remains challenging owing to the lack of reliable antigen tests and the low sensitivity of fungal culture, especially when biopsy is not feasible. Thus, we investigated mucormycosis coinfection in cases of proven or probable aspergillosis, using plasma Mucorales polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adult patients with proven or probable aspergillosis who consented to blood sampling were prospectively enrolled at a tertiary hospital between January 2017 and April 2020, and again between June 2023 and February 2025. Aspergillosis was classified according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycosis Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria. Plasma 18S PCR was performed to detect <i>Aspergillus</i>- and Mucorales-specific DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 82 patients (28 with proven and 54 with probable aspergillosis) were analyzed. No Mucorales were detected in sterile or non-sterile cultures. Among the 28 patients with proven aspergillosis, 4 (14.3%) showed evidence of mucormycosis coinfection: 2 had a positive Mucorales-specific PCR result, and 2 had positive PCR results for both <i>Aspergillus</i> and Mucorales. Among the 54 patients with probable aspergillosis, 12 (22.2%) showed evidence of mucormycosis coinfection: 7 had a positive Mucorales-specific PCR result, and 5 had positive results for both <i>Aspergillus</i> and Mucorales. Overall, 16 (19.5%) of the 82 patients with proven or probable aspergillosis showed molecular evidence of possible mucormycosis coinfection. In-hospital mortality did not significantly differ between patients with mucormycosis coinfection who were treated with voriconazole and those with aspergillosis alone treated with voriconazole (38.5% [5/13] <i>vs.</i> 30.6% [15/49]; <i>P</i>=0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Approximately 10-20% of patients with proven or probable aspergillosis had molecular evidence of possible mucormycosis coinfection, as detected by plasma Mucorales PCR.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 4","pages":"560-568"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for 2025-2026 in Korea.","authors":"Wan Beom Park, Young Hoon Hwang, Ki Tae Kwon, Ji Yun Noh, Sun Hee Park, Joon Young Song, Eun Ju Choo, Min Joo Choi, Jun Yong Choi, Jung Yeon Heo, Won Suk Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0130","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases has regularly updated its adult immunization guidelines, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination recommendations in 2023 and the 2024-2025 seasonal update. This article provides a comprehensive update as of September 2025, reflecting the latest evidence and international guidance. Focusing on the 2025-2026 season, it reviews vaccines currently authorized in Korea and their effectiveness against predominant JN.1 sublineage variants, including LP.8.1, NB.1.8.1, and XFG. The updated recommendations prioritize vaccination with LP.8.1-adapted vaccines for high-risk groups-adults aged 65 years and older, individuals aged 6 months and older at increased risk for severe disease, and residents of facilities vulnerable to infection-while vaccination remains available for all individuals aged 6 months and older. A single-dose strategy is generally recommended, although older adults and immunocompromised individuals may consider an additional dose at 6-month intervals in consultation with healthcare professionals. These updates aim to refine Korea's COVID-19 vaccination strategy and sustain protection in high-risk populations, with recommendations remaining subject to revision as new evidence and epidemiological conditions evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":"57 4","pages":"472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12802021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Response to Skin Abscesses by Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Cases to Raise Awareness.","authors":"Ka Eun Kim, Hyeon Jae Jo, Chang Kyung Kang","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0044","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"442-443"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to A Review of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Associated Ethical Concerns.","authors":"Sudip Bhattacharya","doi":"10.3947/ic.2024.0113","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2024.0113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"434-435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between a Single-time Measurement of Fatty Liver Index and Occurrence of Sepsis among Individuals without Excessive Alcohol Consumption.","authors":"Dayeong Kim, Sang Hoon Han, Eun Hwa Lee, Hye Seong, Kyu-Na Lee, Yebin Park, Kyung-Do Han","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0050","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing worldwide, and sepsis remains a major global health challenge owing to its high mortality. Given the lack of specific therapeutic agents for sepsis, identifying high-risk populations and implementing preventive measures are critical. This study aimed to investigate the association between a single-time fatty liver index (FLI) measurement and the long-term risk of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The cohort included participants from the 2009 Korean National Health Screening Program with no excessive alcohol consumption or acute or chronic liver diseases. The FLI was calculated at baseline and categorized into three groups: low (<30), moderate (30-60), and high (>60). The subjects were followed-up for up to 10 years until sepsis diagnosis or death. Patients with sepsis identified during the washout and one-year lag periods were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3,222,171 participants, 64,226 (2.0%) developed sepsis during the follow-up period. The incidence rates per 1,000 person-years in the low-, moderate-, and high-FLI groups were 1.68, 2.52, and 2.58, respectively. In the multivariable Cox regression model, the high-FLI group had a significantly increased risk of sepsis, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.52 (95% confidence interval, 1.49-1.55) compared with the low-FLI group. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a J-shaped nonlinear relationship between FLI and sepsis with increased sepsis risk above an FLI of 23.6.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This large-scale, long-term observational study demonstrated a significant association between single-time FLI measurement and sepsis risk, highlighting the potential role of FLI in early risk stratification and the prevention of sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"389-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply: Touch Me Not! Exploring the Devastating Stigma on People Living with HIV.","authors":"Jun Yong Choi","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0057","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"446-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission in Children with Human Metapneumovirus Infections.","authors":"Yoonsun Yoon, Esther Park, Joon-Sik Choi, Soon Young Hwang, Sohee Son, Joonbum Cho, Yae-Jean Kim","doi":"10.3947/ic.2025.0034","DOIUrl":"10.3947/ic.2025.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) frequently causes respiratory tract infections in children. Although hMPV infections are usually mild and self-limited, they may cause significant morbidity and mortality. However, data on pediatric hospitalizations due to hMPV infection are limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients aged 18 or younger hospitalized due to hMPV infection at a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 266 pediatric patients were admitted for hMPV infection. The incidence of hospitalizations due to hMPV infections was 6.4 per 1,000 hospitalized children, and the incidence of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions due to hMPV was 4.1 per 1,000 PICU-admitted children. The median age was 2.2 years (42 days-18.5 years), with 125 patients (47.0%) younger than two years old. Twenty-eight patients (10.5%) were treated in the PICU, and five of them (17.9%) died. The proportion of patients with underlying diseases was higher in the PICU group than in the general ward group (85.7% <i>vs.</i> 63.4%, <i>P</i>=0.02). The proportions of cardiologic diseases (21.4% <i>vs.</i> 8.8%, <i>P</i>=0.048) and genetic diseases (35.7% <i>vs.</i> 5.5%, <i>P</i><0.001) were higher in the PICU group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hMPV can cause severe infections that lead to PICU admission, particularly in patients with underlying conditions and fatal outcomes. Further data on hMPV infection in children admitted to the PICU and the overall disease burden in society are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":51616,"journal":{"name":"Infection and Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"358-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12511757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}