Chemoecology最新文献

{"title":"Differential responses to aldehyde pheromone blends in two bed bug species (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)","authors":"Mark Dery,&nbsp;Chow-Yang Lee,&nbsp;Dong-Hwan Choe","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00359-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00359-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The behavioral responses of two bed bug species, <i>Cimex lectularius</i> L. and <i>C. hemipterus</i> (F.), to conspecific or heterospecific nymphal aldehyde blends were examined using a two-choice olfactometer. Volatile cues from exuviae or a synthetic blend containing (<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal, 4-oxo-(<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal, (<i>E</i>)-2-octenal, and 4-oxo-(<i>E</i>)-2-octenal were tested. In both species, the adults settled preferentially on the olfactometer treatment side when conspecific volatile aldehyde cues were provided. When tested with heterospecific volatile aldehyde cues, only adult <i>C</i>. <i>lectularius</i> preferentially responded to <i>C. hemipterus</i> volatile cues. Adult <i>C. hemipterus</i> was indifferent to the aldehyde blend of <i>C</i>. <i>lectularius.</i> Potential implications of the finding on bed bug biology and practical pest management are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 6","pages":"397 - 403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00359-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5411724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of male produced compounds in the bark beetle Polygraphus subopacus and establishment of (Z)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol as an aggregation pheromone component","authors":"Lina Viklund,&nbsp;Joakim Bång,&nbsp;Martin Schroeder,&nbsp;Erik Hedenström","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00358-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00358-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bark beetles of the genus <i>Polygraphus</i> have recently been involved in large bark beetle outbreaks in central Sweden, together with the European spruce bark beetle <i>Ips typographus</i>. Three species of <i>Polygraphus</i> can be found in this region; <i>Polygraphus poligraphus</i>, <i>Polygraphus punctifrons</i> and <i>Polygraphus subopacus</i>. Efficient pheromone traps would facilitate further investigations of these species and their role in bark beetle outbreaks. Pheromone compounds have previously been identified in <i>P. poligraphus</i> and <i>P. punctifrons</i>, but not in <i>P. subopacus</i>. Thus, we allowed males and females of <i>P. subopacus</i> to bore in the bark of stem sections of Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>) in the laboratory. Volatile organic compounds from boring insects were sampled with SPME and analysed with GC–MS and several male-specific compounds were observed. The male specific compounds were 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-butenal, grandisol, fragranol, (<i>Z</i>)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (<i>E</i>)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, (<i>Z</i>)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, (<i>E</i>)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-acetaldehyde, geranial and γ-isogeraniol. (<i>Z</i>)-2-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexylidene)-ethanol, [(<i>Z</i>)-DMCHE], was identified from GC–MS analysis to be the major male-specific compound while the (<i>E</i>)-isomer, [(<i>E</i>)-DMCHE], was found as a minor compound. These two compounds gave positive responses in EAG analyses with antennae from males and females of <i>P. subopacus</i>. Thus, (<i>Z</i>)- and (<i>E</i>)-DMCHE were used in a field experiment in central Sweden but only (<i>Z</i>)-DMCHE was found to be attractive to males and females of <i>P. subopacus</i>. Consequently, (<i>Z</i>)-DMCHE was established to be a component of <i>P. subopacus</i> aggregation pheromone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 6","pages":"367 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00358-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4498573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperidine alkaloids from fire ants are not sequestered by the green and black poison frog (Dendrobates auratus)","authors":"Ian Davison,&nbsp;Ralph A. Saporito,&nbsp;Lisa M. Schulte,&nbsp;Kyle Summers","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00357-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00357-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neotropical poison frogs possess alkaloid-based antipredator defenses which they sequester from a diet of arthropods such as oribatid mites and myrmicine ants. Alkaloid sequestration is still poorly understood and although several studies have examined its uptake, most experiments directly feed alkaloids to the frogs. Here, we examined the alkaloid uptake system in the poison frog species <i>Dendrobates auratus</i> by feeding it an alkaloid-containing prey item, the red imported fire ant <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> (Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Captive bred frogs were either fed live ants or fruit flies dusted with powdered ants for 4 months. Using GC–MS, we confirm that <i>S. invicta</i> contain previously described piperidine alkaloids known as solenopsins; however, none of these piperidine alkaloids was detected in the skin of <i>D. auratus</i>, suggesting the frogs are incapable of sequestering solenopsins from <i>S. invicta</i>. It is possible that <i>D. auratus</i> are unable to sequester fire ant piperidines due to their long hydrocarbon side chains, a feature that makes them structurally different than most known alkaloids in poison frogs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 6","pages":"391 - 396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00357-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4124692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and comparison of allelopathic effects from leaf and flower volatiles of the invasive plants Mikania micrantha","authors":"Huiyan Ma,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Jinhui Chen,&nbsp;Jianbo Ji,&nbsp;He He","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00356-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00356-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Volatilization, one of the most important mechanisms of the allelopathic effects of an exotic noxious weed <i>Mikania micrantha</i>, has not been adequately investigated to date. In this study, laboratory bioassays showed that the effects of volatiles from the leaves and flowers of <i>M. micrantha</i> on seed germination and seedling growth were negative for all four tested plants (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>, <i>Chrysanthemum coronarium</i>, <i>Bidens pilosa</i>, <i>Abutilon theophrasti</i>). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of the leaf volatiles was generally greater than that of the flower volatiles. To assess the reason for the above differences and further explore which compounds played the most crucial roles, the volatiles from the two tissues were absorbed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Then, 19 and 10 terpenes were determined respectively. α-Terpineol, β-ocimene, β-myrcene, α-pinene and caryophyllene had the maximum differences in content and concentration, which were selected for further bioassays with <i>B. pilosa</i>. The results indicated that morphological indices and SOD activity decreased with increasing concentrations of chemicals, whereas the contents of chlorophyll, soluble protein and MDA represented adverse changes. In addition, significant responses were observed in the treatments with α-terpineol at 1.0 μL·L⁻¹ and lower concentrations, while similar trends were observed in the treatments with β-ocimene, β-myrcene, α-pinene and caryophyllene at 10 μL·L⁻¹ and higher concentrations. It was concluded that terpenoids released through volatilization have an important role in the allelopathic effect of <i>M. micrantha</i>, and the oxygenated monoterpene α-terpineol played a crucial role in these effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 6","pages":"355 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00356-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4426298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraspecific variation of cuticular hydrocarbons in the eusocial wasp Polybia sericea (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)","authors":"Eva R. P. Soares,&nbsp;Denise Sguarizi-Antonio,&nbsp;Kamylla B. Michelutti,&nbsp;Viviana O. Torres,&nbsp;Claudia A. L. Cardoso,&nbsp;William F. Antonialli-Junior","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00355-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00355-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical communication is fundamental to maintain cohesion in social insect colonies, and in this communication process, cuticular hydrocarbons act as cues exchanged during interactions between nestmates. However, few studies have investigated intraspecific variation of these compounds in Neotropical swarm-founding wasps. We undertook the present investigation by performing two assessments. First, we assessed whether the cuticular chemical composition of females in <i>Polybia sericea</i> varies according to the degree ovarian development, relative age and different body parts. Second, we assessed whether the cuticular chemical profile of colony members and compounds found in nest materials could be used as complementary tools to assess population differences. To make these determinations, samples were collected from three different populations, and the compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Linear alkanes were found to be the most abundant compounds in the cuticle of females and nest material. Considering the cuticular composition, it was possible to distinguish the females according to degree of ovarian development, relative age and different body parts. In addition, cuticular compounds and nest material were different in the three analyzed populations; therefore, both the cuticular chemical profile of colony members and the chemical profile of nest material can be used as complementary tools to assess population differences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 6","pages":"343 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00355-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4129794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions of ants with native and invasive lady beetles and the role of chemical cues in intraguild interference","authors":"Roman Bucher,&nbsp;Laura M. Japke,&nbsp;Ayse Gül Ünlü,&nbsp;Florian Menzel","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00354-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00354-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The predator-predator naïveté hypothesis suggests that non-native predators benefit from being unknown to native predators, resulting in reduced intraguild interference with native predators. This novelty advantage should depend on the ability of native predators to recognize cues of non-native predators. Here, we compared ant aggression and lady beetle reaction in four native and the invasive lady beetle species <i>Harmonia axyridis</i>. In addition, we tested whether lady beetle cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are involved in species recognition, which might explain naïveté if the invasive species has a specific CHC profile. To this end, we conducted behavioral assays confronting two native ant species with both living lady beetles and lady beetle elytra bearing or lacking CHCs of different lady beetle species. Finally, we characterized CHC profiles of the lady beetles using GC–MS. In general, the aggression of <i>Lasius niger</i> was more frequent than that of <i>Myrmica rubra</i> and <i>L. niger</i> aggression was more frequent towards most native lady beetle species compared to <i>H. axyridis</i>. The removal of CHCs from lady beetle elytra reduced aggression of both ant species. If CHCs of respective lady beetle species were added on cue-free elytra, natural strength of <i>L. niger</i> aggression could be restored. CHC analyses revealed a distinct cue composition for each lady beetle species. Our experiments demonstrate that the presence of chemical cues on the surface of lady beetles contribute to the strength of ant aggression against lady beetles. Reduced aggression of <i>L. niger</i> towards <i>H. axyridis</i> and reduced avoidance behavior in <i>H. axyridis</i> compared to the equally voracious <i>C. septempunctata</i> might improve the invasive lady beetle’s access to ant-tended aphids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 5","pages":"323 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00354-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4948594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuticular hydrocarbons on old museum specimens of the spiny mason wasp, Odynerus spinipes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae), shed light on the distribution and on regional frequencies of distinct chemotypes","authors":"Victoria C. Moris,&nbsp;Katharina Christmann,&nbsp;Aline Wirtgen,&nbsp;Sergey A. Belokobylskij,&nbsp;Alexander Berg,&nbsp;Wolf-Harald Liebig,&nbsp;Villu Soon,&nbsp;Hannes Baur,&nbsp;Thomas Schmitt,&nbsp;Oliver Niehuis","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00350-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00350-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mason wasp <i>Odynerus spinipes</i> shows an exceptional case of intrasexual cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile dimorphism. Females of this species display one of two CHC profiles (chemotypes) that differ qualitatively and quantitatively from each other. The ratio of the two chemotypes was previously shown to be close to 1:1 at three sites in Southern Germany, which might not be representative given the Palearctic distribution of the species. To infer the frequency of the two chemotypes across the entire distributional range of the species, we analyzed with GC–MS the CHC profile of 1042 dry-mounted specimens stored in private and museum collections. We complemented our sampling by including 324 samples collected and preserved specifically for studying their CHCs. We were capable of reliably identifying the chemotypes in 91% of dry-mounted samples, some of which collected almost 200 years ago. We found both chemotypes to occur in the Far East, the presumed glacial refuge of the species, and their frequency to differ considerably between sites and geographic regions. The geographic structure in the chemotype frequencies could be the result of differential selection regimes and/or different dispersal routes during the colonization of the Western Palearctic. The presented data pave the route for disentangling these factors by providing information where to geographically sample <i>O. spinipes</i> for population genetic analyses. They also form the much-needed basis for future studies aiming to understand the evolutionary and geographic origin as well as the genetics of the astounding CHC profile dimorphism that <i>O. spinipes</i> females exhibit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 5","pages":"311 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00350-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4871384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for effective odors through which Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) locates its host","authors":"Xiang Meng,&nbsp;Junjie Hu,&nbsp;Yanhua Li,&nbsp;Jianqing Dai,&nbsp;Gecheng Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00353-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00353-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Insect olfactory systems can efficiently distinguish important host signals in a complex background of odor. Notably<i>, </i><i>Conopomorpha sinensis</i> Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), a host-specific pest of <i>Litchi chinensis</i> and <i>Euphoria longan</i>, causes periodic outbreaks in southern China. However, little is known about the functions of host volatiles and olfactory mechanisms through which <i>C. sinensis</i> senses host taxa. Consequently, the present study analyzed the Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of <i>C. sinensis</i> antennae to host volatile compounds and their mixtures. The results showed that volatile components were more stimulatory to female than to male <i>C. sinensis</i> antennae. In addition, the highest EAG responses were observed following the stimulation of female antennae by the individual volatile component <i>β</i>-guaiene, followed by <i>β</i>-caryophyllene and <i>β</i>-elemene. However, odorant mixtures containing <i>β</i>-farnesene and <i>α</i>-pinene significantly altered EAG responses in female antennae. This was further confirmed by behavioral responses to host volatile compounds based on the flight orientation of females and males in a wind tunnel. These findings demonstrated that the behavior of <i>C. sinensis</i> can be affected by single compounds or a mixture of compounds. Moreover, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR suggested that a combination of <i>α</i>-pinene with <i>β</i>-farnesene could alter the expression of olfactory genes. Therefore, screening for odors that can effectively alter the behavior of insects provides a theoretical basis for exploring host recognition and utilizing the olfactory networks of <i>C. sinensis</i> for biocontrol, at the molecular level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 5","pages":"301 - 310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00353-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4911055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile and semi-volatile terpenes impact leaf flammability: differences according to the level of terpene identification","authors":"Anne Ganteaume,&nbsp;Bastien Romero,&nbsp;Catherine Fernandez,&nbsp;Elena Ormeño,&nbsp;Caroline Lecareux","doi":"10.1007/s00049-021-00349-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00049-021-00349-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In flammability assessment, the terpene effect is usually studied using their total or subgroup content, missing, therefore, the information that could be provided by the molecules themselves. In this study, the specific role of terpenes on leaf flammability was sought comparing different levels of terpene identification—total, subgroup (i.e. mono-, sesqui-, and diterpene), and single compound—as well as their interactions with fuel moisture content (FMC) in four species common in Mediterranean Wildland–Urban Interfaces (<i>Pinus halepensis</i>, <i>Cupressocyparis leylandii</i>, <i>Hesperocyparis arizonica</i>, <i>Cupressus sempervirens</i>). <i>Pinus halepensis</i> was the most flammable species (low FMC and higher sesquiterpene content but low terpene diversity) while <i>Cupressocyparis leylandii</i> presented the highest terpene diversity and total terpene content (higher mono- and diterpene content). Flammability was differently affected according to the terpene identification level used in the models. The effects ranged from non-significant for most species studied, using subgroup or total terpene content, to mostly significant, using single compound content. Regarding the former, the lack of significant results could be due to opposite effects of different single compounds within a terpene subgroup. For the latter, terpene molecules driving flammability and their effects (positive or negative) differed among species. A cumulative effect with FMC was also highlighted in some cases but terpenes mostly remained the main flammability drivers regardless of the species. Using the refined terpene level in modelling allowed a better understanding of the compounds’ role on flammability, which is useful in the identification of plant traits linked to flammability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"31 4","pages":"259 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s00049-021-00349-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4547294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host-plant volatiles enhance the attraction of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to sex pheromone","authors":"Hailing Du, Yao Li, Jun Zhu, Fang Liu","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-484527/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-484527/V1","url":null,"abstract":"Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a notorious pest of rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae). Sex pheromones and host-plant volatiles can trap C. medinalis separately. To improve the trap efficiency of synthetic sex pheromone blend, we first tested the synergistic effect of 8 host-plant volatiles, including 2-phenylethanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, ( Z )-3-hexenal, ( E )-2-hexenal, octanal, valeraldehyde, and methyl salicylate, on the attraction of C. medinalis to the female-produced sex pheromones in electroantennography. The addition of ( E )-2-hexenal, methyl salicylate, valeraldehyde, and ( Z )-3-hexenal increased electroantennogram response of C. medinalis to sex pheromones. Further behavioral testing in wind tunnel experiments indicated that additive ( E )-2-hexenal or methyl salicylate stimulated the landing behaviors of both male and female C. medinalis compared with sex pheromones alone. Field evaluations showed that mixtures of sex pheromones and ( E )-2-hexenal /methyl salicylate resulted in significantly higher catches to male moths than sex pheromones alone. Using 1:1 and 1:10 combinations of the sex pheromones and ( E )-2-hexenal, the attraction of C. medinalis to mixtures showed a synergistic effect of 95% and 110%, respectively. Furthermore, 1:1 and 1:10 mixtures of the sex pheromones and methyl salicylate exhibited a synergistic effect of 69% and 146%, respectively. These results may provide the basis for developing efficient pest management strategies against C. medinalis using host-plant volatiles and insect sex pheromones.","PeriodicalId":515,"journal":{"name":"Chemoecology","volume":"32 1","pages":"129-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47090559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}