Language Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Third-way linguistics: generative and usage-based theories are both right","authors":"Stefano Rastelli","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Language research remains largely affected by the generative grammar vs usage-based rivalry. The polarization is so pervasive that one seems to have no choice but to assume that language categories are either entirely innate or fully learned. Nonetheless, it is possible to refrain from taking a side in the generative vs nongenerative debate. This paper highlights the work of authors over the last thirty years who believe that, on the one hand, input and domain-general, cognitive constraints alone are insufficient to learn and represent a language and, on the other, that the faculty of language (FL) – if it exists – must incorporate statistics, i.e., a counting device. The core idea of ‘third-way’ linguistics described in this paper is that languages can work because language users' statistical sensitivity and their innate grammar module interact. For a language to function, language users must implicitly know two things. First, by accumulating experience and memory, language users come to know <em>that</em> some forms are likely to go together in the input. Second, from a frequency-independent device (the FL) they also know in abstract (i.e., prior to input exposure) <em>why</em> those forms and not others can do so.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142357167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further semantic change of the derogatory sociomorpheme tái in Chinese gender-related Internet neologisms","authors":"Chan-Chia Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internet neologisms provide discursive spaces for grassroots netizens. This study examines a pair of gendered labels gaining popularity in Taiwanese online forums: <em>táinán</em> ‘Tai-man’ and <em>táinǚ</em> ‘Tai-woman’. The quantitative keyword analysis based on a corpus of online data suggests that <em>táinán</em> and <em>táinǚ</em> are pejorative labels. The qualitative discourse analysis of the keywords in context presents gender stereotypes associated with <em>táinán</em> and <em>táinǚ</em>, respectively. Converging evidence for the negative attitudes toward <em>táinán</em> and <em>táinǚ</em> is obtained in a questionnaire survey. The shared morpheme <em>tái</em> inherits localness-related ideologies and interacts with gender ideologies concerning ideal manhood and womanhood, and it has come to index an ideological contrast between favorable foreignness and unfavorable localness. This study contributes to the current literature on Chinese morphological patterns studied in social contexts. Moreover, this study presents evidence that changes in social meanings also follow the dominant trajectories of other semantic changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101686"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science mapping the literature in Applied Linguistics secondary research: navigating knowledge evolution from an epistemic perspective (1970–2022)","authors":"Zahra Fahimpour ,&nbsp;Reza Khany ,&nbsp;Timothy Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applied Linguistics (AL) research has undergone significant transformation in recent decades, accompanied by a surge in secondary research within the field. Using WoS data, we conducted an extensive bibliometric analysis of 881 secondary research articles and 44,752 references spanning 1970 to 2022. Utilizing CiteSpace's “author co-citation network,” “keyword co-occurrence network,” and “burst detection” analyses, we identified core research clusters, their key topics, connections, and significant bursts. Then we synthesize all the main clusters' content through in-depth analysis. Our findings reveal the growing popularity of secondary research in AL, with substantial contributions from Asian countries despite Anglo-American dominance. Key disciplines influencing the AL's intellectual structure include Psychology, Neurology, Sociology, Education, and Computer Science. Four thematic strands anchor AL's conceptual structure: Language Education &amp; Computer Science, Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, and Sociolinguistics. The top-ranked co-cited authors by burst strength are Moher, Chomsky, and Botting. Using a data-driven theory of scientific revolution, we identify emerging research trends and track dynamic changes from an epistemic perspective. This dynamic perspective contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the evolution of the AL domain, signaling a new era of Critical Applied Linguistics. This study, an empirically-based overview of AL secondary research, offers important implications for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Language art is to console those who are broken by life”: A discursive analysis of legitimation in Chinese comforting","authors":"Shuang Wei ,&nbsp;Yansheng Mao ,&nbsp;Yihang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By defining comforting with reference to van Leeuwen's legitimation, this study aims to show how comforters achieve effective comforting through strategies oriented towards alliance, evaluation, and solution, respectively in the Chinese context. Results demonstrate that comforters discursively legitimate the comfortees’ actions and feelings through moral evaluation, rationalization, mythopoesis, authority, and various sub-strategies with Chinese characteristics, such as establishing an alliance with expressions of unavailability and moral tales, delivering positive evaluation through denial of negative self-evaluation, and offering solutions by rationalization and naturalization. We also argue that Chinese comforting strategies can be further explained in the cultural veins of Five Constant Virtues, so as to facilitate the understanding of comforting in the Chinese context.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000639/pdfft?md5=848abd8ae380f06db6a7f961643e1934&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000639-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond definiteness: exploring epistemic and relational accounts of e-marked formulations in Persian interactions","authors":"Ahmad Izadi","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In spoken colloquial Persian, there exists the particle ‘<em>e</em>’, which can be suffixed to the bare nominals (as in <em>pesar-e</em>: boy-<em>e</em>), nominals with some definite markers like demonstratives (as in <em>in pesar-e</em>: this boy-<em>e</em>) and some nominals with indefinite markers (as in <em>ye pesar-e</em>: a boy-<em>e</em>) (Nikravan, 2014; Heusinger and Sadeghpoor, 2020). This particle, termed as ‘enclitic -<em>e</em>’, has been insufficiently described in the literature and even this insufficient description predominantly draws on constructed sentences. The empirical investigation that underlies the present study revisits the ‘<em>e</em>’-marked nominal formulations in the context of making references to nouns in naturally occurring conversations to identify its multifaceted functions. It is demonstrated throughout the paper that the enclitic <em>e</em> marks a noun or a nominal group to denote both the speaker and recipient's (assumed) equal epistemic access to the referent, although the speaker may need some interactional work with the recipient to share his epistemic access with them. Furthermore, through this marked way of reference formulations, the speakers do more than simply referring by orienting to some measure of relational separation with the referent. Overall, the analyses reveal delicate moments of interactional work in terms of epistemic and relational functions of the <em>e</em>-marked formulations of the referents, and as such contribute to the research on the pragmatic and interactional view of definiteness in light of epistemics and relating theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000640/pdfft?md5=5e6979c4a1bb688f7c07585b58dc228f&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000640-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142173908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Anti)Causativization of psych verbs in Spanish and Japanese","authors":"Ayumi Shimoyoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a notable typological contrast between psych verbs in Japanese and Spanish. Japanese derives Experiencer-Object verbs (e.g. <em>yorokob-ase-ru</em> ‘to please’) from specific Experiencer-Subject verbs (e.g. <em>yorokobu</em> ‘to become pleased’) via a morphological causativization. Spanish, on the other hand, presents so-called reflexive psych verbs (e.g. <em>alegrarse</em> ‘to feel happy’), most of which can be analyzed as outputs of an anticausativization from certain Experiencer-Accusative verbs (e.g. <em>alegrar</em> ‘to make happy’). Simply put, these languages derive psych verbs with procedures that reversely mirror each other. This paper will elucidate the characteristics of the causativization used to produce Japanese Experiencer-Object causatives and the anticausativization associated with Spanish Reflexive Psych Verbs and demonstrate that the typological contrast between Japanese and Spanish psych verbs results in semantic variation, e.g. differences in the entailment relation, absence/presence of ambiguity in negation, aspectual diversity. Semantic differences between psych verbs in these languages are ascribed to specific features of the (anti)causative operations employed to generate the predicates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000627/pdfft?md5=6bf2d16e28a066e3bb22c2a8a2835c60&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large models of what? Mistaking engineering achievements for human linguistic agency","authors":"Abeba Birhane ,&nbsp;Marek McGann","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we argue that key, often sensational and misleading, claims regarding linguistic capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) are based on at least two unfounded assumptions: the <em>assumption of language completeness</em> and the <em>assumption of data completeness</em>. Language completeness assumes that a distinct and complete thing such as “a natural language” exists, the essential characteristics of which can be effectively and comprehensively modelled by an LLM. The assumption of data completeness relies on the belief that a language can be quantified and wholly captured by data. Work within the enactive approach to cognitive science makes clear that, rather than a distinct and complete thing, language is a means or way of acting. Languaging is not the kind of thing that can admit of a complete or comprehensive modelling. From an enactive perspective we identify three key characteristics of enacted language; <em>embodiment</em>, <em>participation</em>, and <em>precariousness</em>, that are absent in LLMs, and likely incompatible in principle with current architectures. We argue that these absences imply that LLMs are not now and cannot in their present form be linguistic agents the way humans are. We illustrate the point in particular through the phenomenon of “algospeak”, a recently described pattern of high-stakes human language activity in heavily controlled online environments. On the basis of these points, we conclude that sensational and misleading claims about LLM agency and capabilities emerge from a deep misconception of both what human language is and what LLMs are.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000615/pdfft?md5=f7f3281a359df35af751aca63248e4e7&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000615-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sympathising with patients in historical China: an interaction ritual approach","authors":"He Cang ,&nbsp;Juliane House ,&nbsp;Fengguang Liu ,&nbsp;Dániel Z. Kádár","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we examine how family members expressed sympathy when visiting patients in mid-eighteenth-century China, by studying a corpus of patient visits drawn from the renowned Chinese novel Hongloumeng 红楼梦 (Dream of the Red Chamber). The study of such visits is methodologically challenging because these visits were less scripted than many other ritual interactions, operating with many seemingly ad hoc elements. We approach patient visits in our data as interaction rituals which – similar to any ritual – operate with a frame and a related cluster of conventionalized patterns of language use. We argue that the pragmatic dynamics of many interactional ritual phenomena such as patient visits can be reliably captured by bringing together ritual, speech acts and interaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101665"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000548/pdfft?md5=81ef46459088038a30a77cdd8ccb1664&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voices in reading literature","authors":"Dag-Tore Nordbø Kristiansen ,&nbsp;Karin Kukkonen ,&nbsp;Stefka G. Eriksen ,&nbsp;Sarah Bro Trasmundi","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Building upon recent studies of historical reading practices and their insights into the bodily and cognitive nature of reading, this article explores the impact of silent and voiced reading on the diverse bodily, cognitive, and emotional engagements with a text. Our starting point is that language is not merely a tool for translating mental content but emerges from and shapes embodied ways of interacting with the world, in this case, a reading-world. First, we present a phonetic analysis based on a pilot study of university students' voiced and silent reading. The overall cognitive act of articulating phonemes based on perception of graphemes is portrayed as an embodied process, particularly evident in instances where readers modify their pronunciation of unfamiliar words or grapheme clusters. Moreover, we observe how readers embody emotions and differentiate between narrators or voices in the text by creatively and dynamically modulating their oral cavity to produce subtle, yet cognitively significant changes in speech sounds. Second, drawing on interview data from the same study, we explore how the two reading conditions influence experiential factors, including perceptions of time, qualities of imagery, and the multiplicity of voices enacted by the reader. Together, these aspects provide insights into the function and value of readers' practices of reading silently and aloud. While, in our study, reading aloud helps modulating local sensitivity to prosodic features that are important for e.g. emotion regulation and comprehension, readers more easily orient themselves in a text when reading silently, strengthening the in-depth experience of settings, characters, and narrators. While the attributes of silent and voiced reading may vary based on expertise, norms, and personal preferences, each mode appears to offer distinctive advantages. We thus conclude by proposing that readers could benefit from alternating between both reading modes, adapting to the specific task at hand. This approach allows for the full realisation of the embodied potential in alignment with the requirements of the task. Additionally, historical practices of reading aloud can inform the study of reading modes, providing a repertoire of possibilities absent in today's reading ecologies dominated by silent reading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000536/pdfft?md5=1c67bf83e1560d4480977e38135c0094&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000536-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deixis and dementia: Insights from phenomenological philosophy","authors":"Erik Norman Dzwiza-Ohlsen","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article provides an overview of the relevance of deixis in dementia from the perspective of phenomenological philosophy with an inter- and transdisciplinary scope. A key objective is to integrate existing approaches and develop hypotheses for future research. The paper seeks to explore the potential of deixis to enhance interaction and communication in the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease. The paper prepares the ground for three sub-goals: (1) Developing a general taxonomy of deixis, differentiating between verbal deixis (e.g., pronouns), corporeal deixis (e.g., pointing gestures), and medial deixis (e.g., arrows). (2) Investigating the diagnostic, therapeutic and care applications of deixis in Alzheimer's disease in the face of the progressive loss of higher cognitive skills. (3) Pinpointing the desiderata emerging from the relation between deixis and dementia at both conceptual and empirical levels. This paper argues for viewing deixis not solely as a deficit-indicator but also as a resource-indicator. Deixis in dementia can serve on two interconnected yet distinct levels: one for diagnosis, and another for therapy and care. On the one hand, verbal indexicals have a deficit-indicating function for the loss of higher cognitive skills, such as language, orientation and memory. This function is relevant for linguistically shaped dementia diagnosis and a holistic interpretation of key symptoms. On the other hand, all three kinds of deixis, the verbal, the corporeal, and the medial, do have a resource-indicating function. The threefold deixis helps us to advance orientation, communication and interaction in both private and institutional living environments. For example, the corporeal deixis is an important communicative resource, which helps to navigate and maintain attention, intention, and emotion. Finally, the paper proposes an index-ability scale to identify personalized communication resources for individuals with dementia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 101663"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0388000124000524/pdfft?md5=9f4f93c464156e4a3628db600a38b4a4&pid=1-s2.0-S0388000124000524-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141962066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}