Language Sciences最新文献

Dependency distance minimization in discourse structure: universality and individuality compared with that in syntactic structure 话语结构中的依存距离最小化：与句法结构中的依存距离最小化相比的普遍性和个性化

IF 1.7 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101689

Wenhe Feng , Hanguang Zhang , Yi Yang

{"title":"Dependency distance minimization in discourse structure: universality and individuality compared with that in syntactic structure","authors":"Wenhe Feng , Hanguang Zhang , Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.langsci.2024.101689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dependency distance (DD) traditionally refers to the linear distance between two related words in the dependency structure of a sentence (i.e., syntactic-DD). Based on this concept, previous studies have found that language follows a universal rule of DD minimization (DDM), which states that short DDs occur more frequently than long DDs. But if the DDM as a structural rule is universal, does it extend to other levels of language structure? If so, are there any individualities at different levels? This paper proposes the concept of discourse-DD, i.e., the linear distance between two related clauses in a text, to investigate whether the DDM exists at the discourse level. We present a statistical study of discourse-DD using a discourse dependency corpus and compare the statistical results with the syntactic structure. The results show that discourse structure does indeed show the DDM tendency, and even more strongly than syntactic structure. The reasons for this may be that discourse patterns are more flexible than syntactic patterns and clause functions are more dynamic than word functions, and in this case, a stronger DDM is required for discourse comprehension. This paper also explores how linguistic factors such as discourse length, complex sentences, and connectives influence discourse-DDM. The paper deepens the research on DDM of language.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 101689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multimodal dairy cow–human interaction in an intensive farming context 集约化养殖环境中奶牛与人的多模式互动

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587

Leonie Cornips , Marjo van Koppen

{"title":"Multimodal dairy cow–human interaction in an intensive farming context","authors":"Leonie Cornips , Marjo van Koppen","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In our consideration of how to decentre an anthropocentric view in linguistics, we will address the following research question: how do dairy cows and humans imbue their interspecies interaction as a semiotic resource with meaning that makes sense for both species under specific social conditions (Jørgensen, 2008:167). We address the question by using a social-interactional approach informed by conversation analysis (CA) (Goodwin, 2017, Mondada, 2016, 2018; Mondémé, 2021), which enables us to examine what the dairy cow makes relevant in the sequential organisation when interacting with a human.</p><p>We show that the dairy cows make gaze important in their interaction. Gaze alone is sufficient to mobilize human interlocutor response, and gaze withdrawal by the human should take place for a successful communication (case-study 1 versus study 2). The case-studies of dairy cow–human interactions show that these interactions include much more than (human) sounds and (human) signs only: language is taken as languaging, as a social practice, embedded in a multimodal interactional exchange (Levinson and Holler 2014) that includes nonhuman animals as well. This also implies that linguists should therefore look beyond ‘sound’ and ‘sign’.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"101 ","pages":"Article 101587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71774817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

On the place and role of ‘discourse’ in the Functional Discourse Grammar model. The interface between language system and language use 论“语篇”在功能语篇语法模型中的地位和作用。语言系统与语言使用之间的接口

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584

Francis Cornish

{"title":"On the place and role of ‘discourse’ in the Functional Discourse Grammar model. The interface between language system and language use","authors":"Francis Cornish","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mackenzie (2020) is a defense of the position adopted by the architects of the standard model of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG): namely that the model cannot (and even could never) be considered a ‘grammar of discourse’. The article examines the arguments given for rejecting the ‘discourse’ dimension from the FDG model, proposes an independent account of discourse, and suggests a means of dovetailing it within a model of the wider utterance context. On the one hand, the author's arguments are in the main valid: for ‘discourse’, as characterized in section 3, is not a formal, clearly delineated object amenable to systematic treatment within a grammatical model of a given language. Yet on the other, it is arguable that even the presence of the term ‘discourse’ in the model's name is not <em>in fine</em> justified. Notwithstanding, in order to include the ‘discourse dimension’ (section 3), it is argued that the Core FDG model could be integrated with a broader model of the utterance context involved. This would enable it to account more adequately, for example, for the ways in which indexical reference, the lexicon and adjectival modification operate in actual texts. In turn, it would influence certain of the other characterizations independently assigned within the Core model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cognitive psychological distinctions between levels of meaning 不同层次意义之间的认知心理学差异

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583

Abduwali Rahman , Zhenqian Liu

{"title":"The cognitive psychological distinctions between levels of meaning","authors":"Abduwali Rahman , Zhenqian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is an attempt to investigate the psychological reality and cognitive priority of three layers of linguistic meaning—what is said, impliciture, and implicature. According to the literal-first serial processing model, what is said is psychologically real and is required to draw an impliciture and/or implicature. By contrast, the impliciture-by-default processing model argues that there is psychological reality for impliciture and implicature but not for what is said, and that impliciture has cognitive priority over the other two levels. Finally, the parallel processing model does not make a strong assumption about the temporal order of interpretation. A mouse-tracking experiment in a listening comprehension task was designed to test the predictions of the three accounts. It examined how participants grasp the three levels of meaning in two tests, one in which a preferred interpretation of an utterance (either with what is said, impliciture or implicature) is confirmed and another where this interpretation is negated. Results show that participants were consciously aware of each of the three meanings in both tests. Their comprehension was more accurate and faster when they were prompted for what is said and implicitures compared to implicatures in the confirmation test. But they were delayed in processing time for implicitures in the negation test. Furthermore, they exhibited different comprehension patterns across different impliciture and implicature types. Thus, the current study provides mixed evidence for the existing theories of linguistic meaning by failing to find strong support for any of them. By showing how to integrate the three traditional models, this study suggests a way forward that what is said has psychological reality and impliciture has a special cognitive status depending on the context and yet that pragmatic inferences may vary in degree across utterance types.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"100 ","pages":"Article 101583"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49888673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toward an ecological model of language: from cognitive linguistics to ecological semantics 走向语言的生态模式:从认知语言学到生态语义学

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101582

Takuya Inoue

引用次数: 0

Generative linguistics: ‘Galilean style’ 生成语言学:“伽利略风格”

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101585

John Collins

引用次数: 1

The empirical discovery of domains of assembly and communion 集会和交流领域的经验发现

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101586

Fred Cummins, Luciana Longo

引用次数: 0

Students’ perception of an instructor: The effects of instructor accommodation to student swearing 学生对教师的认知:教师适应对学生骂人的影响

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101562

Amanda Allard , Amanda J. Holmstrom

{"title":"Students’ perception of an instructor: The effects of instructor accommodation to student swearing","authors":"Amanda Allard , Amanda J. Holmstrom","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes how an instructor's accommodation tactic, in response to a student using a swear word, affects students' perceptions of the instructor's similarity and credibility, and how perceptions of similarity and credibility affect students' intrinsic motivation to learn. Sex of the instructor was also manipulated in this study based on literature indicating that an instructor's sex may affect students' perceptions of the instructor's similarity, credibility, and students' intrinsic motivation to learn course material. Participants (<em>N =</em> 396) were randomly assigned to read hypothetical scenarios where either a male or female instructor converged or diverged in response to a student who used the swear word <em>suck</em> or <em>damn.</em> Results revealed that instructors who diverged, regardless of the swear word used, were perceived as more similar to the student than instructors who converged. Also, findings showed that when an instructor converges their communication in response to a student who swears their credibility was diminished. Perceptions of similarity and credibility were positively associated with a student's intrinsic motivation to learn course material, and mediation models revealed that instructors' perceived similarity and credibility mediated the relationship between accommodation tactic and a student's intrinsic motivation to learn. Finally, results indicated that participants reported higher ratings of intrinsic motivation to learn with female instructors than with male instructors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101562"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49879479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Comedic convergence: Humor responses to verbal irony in text messages 喜剧融合:对短信中言语讽刺的幽默回应

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101566

Andrew A. Coolidge , Carolyn Montagnolo , Salvatore Attardo

{"title":"Comedic convergence: Humor responses to verbal irony in text messages","authors":"Andrew A. Coolidge , Carolyn Montagnolo , Salvatore Attardo","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mode adoption is a term used primarily in pragmatics and linguistics which refers to responses to verbal irony that: a.) converge with (or ‘adopt’) the humor frame and, b.) add a similar element of ironic humor. This paper argues that mode adoption is a form of high-level accommodation. In order to mode adopt, respondents must converge with the speaker's verbal content, their humorous intent, as well as the form this intent is taking<em>.</em> Respondents can, therefore, display convergence/divergence along each of these dimensions with each response to verbal irony falling along a scale of humor convergence<em>.</em> Scholars have suggested that differences in mode adoption may be based on familiarity between the speakers, however, this hypothesis has not been tested experimentally, and CAT has not been directly applied in this context. Over two studies, (<em>N</em> = 430) participants were asked to think of a specific person from their life and type exactly how they would respond to instances of ironic overstatement from this person in a hypothetical text message interaction. Regression analyses revealed that perceived relational closeness predicted humor convergence in study two but not study one. Awareness of the irony was significant predictor of convergence in study one, a finding not replicated in study two. In line with previous CAT research, liking and relative power were also found to predict convergence in humor. These studies provide support for CAT within the domain of humor in texting, clarify important predictors for humor convergence, and argue that definitions of accommodation should explicitly include both behavioral and cognitive elements of communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49879477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining textism convergence in mediated interactions 研究中介互动中的文本主义趋同

IF 1.1 2区文学

Language Sciences Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101568

Aubrie Adams , Jai Miles

{"title":"Examining textism convergence in mediated interactions","authors":"Aubrie Adams , Jai Miles","doi":"10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2023.101568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Textisms refer to unconventional digital cues used to convey nonverbal information in text communication. However, little is known about how these cues operate and what theoretical underpinnings help us understand when users choose to integrate textisms into their personal and professional online interactions. One theory that explains this phenomenon is communication accommodation theory (CAT), which describes how people adapt their behaviors in interpersonal and intergroup contexts using verbal and nonverbal strategies to accommodate a conversational partner. Using CAT as a lens, this study examined a dataset of 635 naturally occurring text message screenshots to identify how many times senders and receivers converged in using specific types of textisms. Through examining the degree of convergence that occurred in 15 different types of textisms, it was found that three textisms generated a high degree of convergence or matching behaviors (phrase-shorteners, emojis, and word-#substitutions) and five textisms showed a moderate degree of convergence (cases-upper, markers-missing, lexical-surrogates, word-expansions, and cases-lower). From the textisms that resulted in high to moderate convergence, three were found to be statistically significant (phrase-shorteners, emojis, and markers-missing). Through the examination of text messaging and adaptation behaviors, scholars can better understand the contexts in which users intentionally integrate textisms in our evolving era of mediated interpersonal interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51592,"journal":{"name":"Language Sciences","volume":"99 ","pages":"Article 101568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49879484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1