The Open AIDS Journal最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary Data From the Study of Coagulative Profile of HIV Infected Individuals Suggest a Role For Point Mutations in the Gene in Protein S Deficiency in Individuals Undergoing Highly Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Mariantonietta Di Stefano,&nbsp;Giovanna D'Andrea,&nbsp;Fabio Zoboli,&nbsp;Giuseppina Faleo,&nbsp;Massimo Fasano,&nbsp;Domenico Martinelli,&nbsp;Maurizio Margaglione,&nbsp;Teresa A Santantonio,&nbsp;Josè R Fiore","doi":"10.2174/1874613601812010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV infection is a known prothrombotic condition but factors involved are still controversial. A role for antiretrovirals, especially protease inhibitors, was advocated.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to analyze the levels of anticoagulant proteins in virally suppressed HIV-infected subjects treated with different anti-retroviral regimens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-four patients were included in the study. C and PS, D-Dimers and Fibrinogen levels were determined as well as APC-resistance. PROS1 gene was sequenced in a group of patient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve of the 44 subjects (27%) showed reduced levels of PS, while lower levels of PC were found only in 2 patients (4,5%). No difference in the mean values of PC and PS was found stratifying the study population by antiretroviral regimen administrated (p>0.05).Three patients had higher levels of D-Dimer concentrations and in two of these patients, an association between higher D-Dimer values and lower levels of PS was observed; but however no correlation was found by statistical analysis.PROS1 gene analysis was performed in 26 of the 44 HIV-1 patients and the subjects with low levels of PS had mutation in the fifteen exon of PROS 1 gene. While among individuals with normal levels, this mutation was observed only in 8/18 (44%) of the cases (p=0,0072).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The majority of patients with low PS levels also had mutations in the fifteen exon of PROS 1 gene. Genetic determinants, deserving further investigations, rather than antiretrovirals might cause PS deficiency in HIV-1 positive patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5850486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35945552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Receipt of HIV PEP Counseling Among Women Sexually Assaulted by an Intimate Partner.","authors":"Janice Du Mont,&nbsp;Lily Van,&nbsp;Daisy Kosa,&nbsp;Sheila Macdonald","doi":"10.2174/1874613601812010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601812010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among 136 women sexually assaulted by a current or former male intimate partner presenting to hospital-based violence treatment centers, 58 (42.6%) received HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (HIV PEP) counseling by a specially trained sexual assault nurse. We identified factors that were associated with receipt of HIV PEP counseling. Those who received counseling were more likely to have been younger than 25 years of age, single, a student, vaginally penetrated, and have received various other services (<i>e.g</i>., STI prophylaxis). They were less likely to have been unemployed. Hospital-based violence treatment centers need to be aware that not all women sexually assaulted by an intimate partner will have the same risk of acquisition of HIV and care needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"12 ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5815050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35873849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and Usability Evaluation of Finger-Stick Whole Blood HIV Self-Test as An HIV Screening Tool Adapted to The General Public in The Central African Republic.","authors":"Gérard Grésenguet,&nbsp;Jean de Dieu Longo,&nbsp;Serge Tonen-Wolyec,&nbsp;Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa,&nbsp;Laurent Belec","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opportunities for HIV testing could be enhanced by offering HIV self-testing (HIVST) in populations that fear stigma and discrimination when accessing conventional HIV counselling and testing. Field experience with HIVST was poorly reported in French-speaking African countries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the usability of HIVST in Bangui, Central African Republic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prototype self-test Exacto^® Test HIV (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) was used to assess the usability of HIVST in 300 adults living in Bangui, according to WHO technical recommendations. Simplified and easy-to-read leaflet was translated in French and Sango.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preliminary survey in 3,484 adult volunteers including students, men who have sex with men and female sex workers living in Bangui showed that previous HIV testing in conventional centres for HIV counselling and testing was relatively infrequent and that acceptability of HIVST was elevated, although high heterogeneity could be observed between groups. The notice in French and Sango of Exacto^® Test HIV were chosen in 242/300 (80.6%) and 58/300 (19.4%), respectively. It was correctly understood in 273/300 (91.0%). The majority (275/300; 91.6%) correctly performed the HIV self-test; however, 71/300 (23.0%) asked for oral assistance. Most of the participants (273/300; 91.0%) found that performing of the self-test was very easy or easy, and less than Most of participants (273/300; 91.0%) found that performing of the self-test was very easy or easy and less than 1.0% (2/300) found it difficult. Overall the result were correctly interpreted in 96.9% (3,782/3,900), the reading/interpretion errors concerned the positive (96/1,800;5.3%), invalid (17/600;2.8%) and negative (5/1,500; 0.3%) self-test. The Cohen's coefficient κwas 0.94. The main obstacle for HIVST was the educational level, with interpretation difficulties in poorly educated people.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our observations on profane adults living in Central African Republic, demonstrate: (i) the need to adapt the notice of instruction to African public, including educational pictograms as well as notice in vernacular language(s); (ii) the frequent difficulties in understanding the notice with frequent misinterpretation of test results; (iii) and the generally good usability of the HIV self-test despite these latter pitfalls. More research on exploring the best strategy (<i>i.e</i>. supervised <i>versus</i> unsupervised strategies) for different high- and low- risk populations in resource-constrained settings remains needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"101-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35699724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mHealth Interventions To Support Self-Management In HIV: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vanessa Cooper,&nbsp;Jane Clatworthy,&nbsp;Jennifer Whetham,&nbsp;EmERGE Consortium","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Self-management is an important aspect of long-term HIV treatment. Mobile technologies offer the potential to efficiently deliver interventions to facilitate HIV self-management. The last comprehensive review of such mHealth interventions was conducted in 2011. Given the rapidly evolving field, a need was identified for an updated review of the literature.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to describe and evaluate current evidence-based mHealth interventions to support self-management in HIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight online databases (Medline, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Global Health CAB, IEEE explore, Web of Science) were systematically searched for papers describing and evaluating mHealth HIV self-management interventions. Reference lists of relevant papers were also searched. Data on intervention content and evaluation methodology were extracted and appraised by two researchers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>41 papers were identified evaluating 28 interventions. The majority of these interventions (n=20, 71%) had a single focus of either improving adherence (n=16), increasing engagement in care (n=3) or supporting smoking cessation (n=1), while just 8 (29%) were more complex self-management interventions, targeting a range of health-related behaviours. Interventions were predominantly delivered through SMS messaging. They significantly impacted on a range of outcomes including adherence, viral load, mental health and social support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since the last major review of mHealth interventions in HIV, there has been a shift from exploratory acceptability/feasibility studies to impact evaluations. While overall the interventions impacted on a range of outcomes, they were generally limited in scope, failing to encompass many functions identified as desirable by people living with HIV. Participant incentives may limit the generalizability of findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"119-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35699725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma and HIV Infection.","authors":"Antonio Marra,&nbsp;Giosuè Scognamiglio,&nbsp;Ilaria Peluso,&nbsp;Gerardo Botti,&nbsp;Celeste Fusciello,&nbsp;Amelia Filippelli,&nbsp;Paolo A Ascierto,&nbsp;Stefano Pepe,&nbsp;Francesco Sabbatino","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors increases the overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma regardless of their oncogene addicted mutations. However, no data is available from clinical trials of effective therapies in subgroups of melanoma patients that carry chronic infective diseases such as HIV. Evidences suggest a key role of the immune checkpoint molecules as a mechanism of immune escape not only from melanoma but also from HIV host immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this article, firstly, we will describe the role of the immune checkpoint molecules in HIV chronic infection. Secondly, we will summarize the most relevant clinical evidences utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma patients. Lastly, we will discuss the potential implications as well as the potential applications of immune checkpoint molecule-based immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2174/1874613601711010091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35699723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD4 Lymphocyte Enumeration and Hemoglobin Assessment Aid for Priority Decisions: A Multisite Evaluation of the BD FACSPresto^™ System.","authors":"Madhuri Thakar,&nbsp;Francis Angira,&nbsp;Kovit Pattanapanyasat,&nbsp;Alan H B Wu,&nbsp;Maurice O'Gorman,&nbsp;Hui Zeng,&nbsp;Chenxue Qu,&nbsp;Bharati Mahajan,&nbsp;Kasama Sukapirom,&nbsp;Danying Chen,&nbsp;Yu Hao,&nbsp;Yan Gong,&nbsp;Monika De Arruda Indig,&nbsp;Sharon Graminske,&nbsp;Diana Orta,&nbsp;Nicole d'Empaire,&nbsp;Beverly Lu,&nbsp;Imelda Omana-Zapata,&nbsp;Clement Zeh","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The BD FACSPresto^™ system uses capillary and venous blood to measure CD4 absolute counts (CD4), %CD4 in lymphocytes, and hemoglobin (Hb) in approximately 25 minutes. CD4 cell count is used with portable CD4 counters in resource-limited settings to manage HIV/AIDS patients. A method comparison was performed using capillary and venous samples from seven clinical laboratories in five countries. The BD FACSPresto system was assessed for variability between laboratory, instrument/operators, cartridge lots and within-run at four sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were collected under approved voluntary consent. EDTA-anticoagulated venous samples were tested for CD4 and %CD4 T cells using the gold-standard BD FACSCalibur^™ system, and for Hb, using the Sysmex^® KX-21N^™ analyzer. Venous and capillary samples were tested on the BD FACSPresto system. Matched data was analyzed for bias (Deming linear regression and Bland-Altman methods), and for concordance around the clinical decision point. The coefficient of variation was estimated per site, instrument/operator, cartridge-lot and between-runs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For method comparison, 93% of the 720 samples were from HIV-positive and 7% from HIV-negative or normal subjects. CD4 and %CD4 T cells venous and capillary results gave slopes within 0.96-1.05 and R² ≥0.96; Hb slopes were ≥1.00 and R² ≥0.89. Variability across sites/operators gave %CV <5.8% for CD4 counts, <1.9% for %CD4 and <3.2% for Hb. The total %CV was <7.7% across instrument/cartridge lot.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BD FACSPresto system provides accurate, reliable, precise CD4/%CD4/Hb results compared to gold-standard methods, irrespective of venous or capillary blood sampling. The data showed good agreement between the BD FACSPresto, BD FACSCalibur and Sysmex systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"76-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5730955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35699722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV-Positive Populations in the Asian Region.","authors":"Rimke Bijker,&nbsp;Jun Yong Choi,&nbsp;Rossana Ditangco,&nbsp;Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul,&nbsp;Man Po Lee,&nbsp;Sarawut Siwamogsatham,&nbsp;Sanjay Pujari,&nbsp;Jeremy Ross,&nbsp;Chi-Yuen Wong,&nbsp;Wing-Wai Wong,&nbsp;Evy Yunihastuti,&nbsp;Matthew Law","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are becoming more prevalent in HIV-infected populations as they age largely due to improved treatment outcomes. Assessment of CVD risk and CVD risk factors in HIV-positive populations has focused on high income settings, while there are limited studies evaluating CVD in HIV-positive populations in the Asian region.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We provided an overview of the prevalence and incidence of CVD and its risk factors in adult HIV-positive populations, and of the strategies currently in place for CVD management in the Asian region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Studies from the Asian region showed that CVD and CVD risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia, elevated blood glucose, obesity and smoking, are highly prevalent in HIV-positive populations. A number of studies suggested that HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy may contribute to increased CVD risk. National HIV treatment guidelines provide some directions regarding CVD risk prevention and management in the HIV-infected population, however, they are limited in number and scope.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Development and consolidation of guidelines for integrated CVD and HIV care are essential to control the burden of CVD in HIV-positive populations. To inform guidelines, policies and practice in the Asian region, research should focus on exploring appropriate CVD risk screening strategies and estimating current and future CVD mortality and morbidity rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"52-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5753029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35709700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholesterol Screening and Statin Prescription is Low Among HIV-Infected Patients on Protease-Inhibitor Regimens in Botswana.","authors":"M Mosepele,&nbsp;V Letsatsi,&nbsp;L Mokgatlhe,&nbsp;F P Hudson,&nbsp;R Gross","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Little is known about the use of statin for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction among HIV-infected patients on protease inhibitors (PI`s) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cholesterol screening and statin use were retrospectively assessed among HIV-infected participants on PI`s between 2008 and 2012 at a large urban HIV clinic in Botswana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Proportion of participants screened per year was calculated and statin indication was assessed using atherosclerosis CVD (ASCVD) and Framingham risk (FRS) scores as of the year 2012 guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cholesterol screening ranged between 19% and 30% per year (2008-2011) but increased to 80% after study enrollment. The rate of hypercholesterolemia (> 5.0 mmol/L) was 31% in 2012. Fewer than 1% participants were on statin therapy but 14.3% and 9.4% had statins indicated by ASCVD and FRS respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high proportion of participants indicated for, but not prescribed statins highlights a substantial gap in the care to reduce CVD risk among these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5543697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35344400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Improvement by Switching to an Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor in Hemophiliac Patients with HIV: The Japan Cohort Study of HIV Patients Infected through Blood Products.","authors":"Miyuki Kawado,&nbsp;Shuji Hashimoto,&nbsp;Shin-Ichi Oka,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Fukutake,&nbsp;Satoshi Higasa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Yatsuhashi,&nbsp;Miwa Ogane,&nbsp;Manabu Okamoto,&nbsp;Takuma Shirasaka","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine improvement in HIV RNA levels and the CD4 cell count by switching to an antiretroviral regimen with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) in patients with HIV.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was conducted on Japanese patients with HIV who were infected by blood products in the 1980s. Data were collected between 2007 and 2014. Data of 564 male hemophiliac patients with HIV from the Japan Cohort Study of HIV Patients Infected through Blood Products were available. Changes in antiretroviral regimen use, HIV RNA levels, and the CD4 cell count between 2007 and 2014 were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2007 to 2014, the proportion of use of a regimen with an INSTI increased from 0.0% to 41.0%. For patients with HIV who used a regimen, including an INSTI, the proportion of HIV RNA levels <50 copies/mL significantly increased from 58.3% in 2007 to 90.6% in 2014. Additionally, the median CD4 cell count significantly increased from 380/μL to 438/μL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a large effect of switching to an antiretroviral regimen with an INSTI for Japanese patients with HIV who are infected by blood products. This suggests that performing this switch in clinical practice will lead to favorable effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"18-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35037272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma IP-10 Concentrations Correlate Positively with Viraemia and Inversely with CD4 Counts in Untreated HIV Infection.","authors":"Kudakwashe Mhandire,&nbsp;Tommy Mlambo,&nbsp;Lynn Sodai Zijenah,&nbsp;Kerina Duri,&nbsp;Kudzaishe Mateveke,&nbsp;Mqondisi Tshabalala,&nbsp;Doreen Zvipo Mhandire,&nbsp;Cuthbert Musarurwa,&nbsp;Petronella Taonga Wekare,&nbsp;Lovemore Ronald Mazengera,&nbsp;Hilda Tendisa Matarira,&nbsp;Babill Stray-Pedersen","doi":"10.2174/1874613601711010024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874613601711010024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic immune activation is a feature of HIV infection associated with accelerated HIV disease progression. There is conflicting data on the association of biomarkers of immune activation with traditional markers of HIV disease progression; CD4 counts and viral load (VL).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to determine the association of biomarkers of immune activation; interferon (IFN)-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) in chronic HIV infection with traditional markers of HIV disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected demographic data, enumerated CD4 counts and quantified VL in 183 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive adults with chronic HIV infection. Plasma concentrations of IP-10 and sCD14 were quantified in the ART-naive adults with chronic HIV infection and 75 HIV-uninfected controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IP-10 concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group (median; 257.40pg/ml, IQR; 174.08-376.32) than in the HIV-uninfected (median; 86.19pg/ml, IQR; 67.70-116.39) (P<0.001). Similarly, sCD14 concentrations were significantly higher in the HIV-infected (median; 1.45µg/ml, IQR; 1.02-2.16) group than in the controls (median; 0.89µ/ml, IQR; 0.74-1.18) (P<0.001). High log₁₀ IP-10 concentrations were positively correlated with high log₁₀ viral loads (Spearman's correlation coefficient [R]=0.21, P=0.003) and inversely correlated with low CD4 counts (R= -0.19, P=0.011). In contrast, log₁₀ sCD14 was not significantly associated with either log₁₀ viral loads (R=0.03, P=0.707) nor CD4 count (R=-0.04, P=0.568).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that plasma sCD14 and IP-10 were elevated in the HIV-infected patients compared to HIV-uninfected individuals possibly due to on-going immune activation. In addition, plasma high concentrations of IP-10 but not sCD14 concentrations are associated with high VL and low CD4 count.</p>","PeriodicalId":515834,"journal":{"name":"The Open AIDS Journal","volume":"11 ","pages":"24-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35035154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}