Journal of Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and elastosonography in thyroid nodule: diagnostic value in a real-time cohort.","authors":"Davide Negroni, Gaetano Maddalena, Romina Bono, Flavia Abruzzese, Sara Cesano, Patrizio Conte, Chiara Airoldi, Pierluigi Neri, Alessandro Carriero","doi":"10.1007/s40477-024-00898-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-024-00898-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In clinical practice, thyroid nodules are classified according to TI-RADS by B-mode and color-flow Doppler study. The aim of the study is to evaluate the possible added value of Superb microvascular imaging (SMI) and elastosonography in the stratification of malignancy risk of thyroid nodules.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients with thyroid nodules who were candidates for needle aspiration were enrolled. Experienced operators performed a standard examination with TI-RADS calculation, followed by SMI and elastosonography on the nodules. The needle aspiration outcome was used as the gold standard. Statistical analysis calculated the ROC curves of the techniques applied individually and serially.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this prospective study, we analysed 260 nodules, found in 251 patients (mean age 58.6 yo ± 14). 11.2% were TI-RADS 1, 18.9% TI-RADS 2, 41.1% TI-RADS 3, 28.1% TI-RADS 4, and 0.8% TI-RADS 5. The SMI technique showed an AUC of 0.57 (95% CI 0.49; 0.66) while elastosonography had an AUC of 0.58 (95% CI 0.49; 0.67) when used individually. SMI together with elastosonography had AUC of 0.62 (95% CI 0.52; 0.71). TI-RADS had AUC of 0.67 (95% CI 0.59; 0.75). SMI and elastosonography applied together with TI-RADS had AUC of 0.69 (95% CI 0.61; 0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the real-world cohort of patients, the SMI technique and elastosonography slightly increase the AUC of TI-RADS. Taken individually, SMI and elastosonography do not have a very strong AUC.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"613-620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound detection of non-atherosclerotic intima-medial abnormalities of lower limbs arteries in amateur endurance runners.","authors":"O Benacka, O Jiravsky, M Labudova, J Benacka, E Goncalvesova","doi":"10.1007/s40477-024-00916-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-024-00916-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structural changes in the lower limb's arterial wall in amateur endurance runners are a rare incidental finding, represented just by several case reports.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Study the incidence of non-atherosclerotic lower limb artery wall changes in defined group of amateur endurance runners and identify relationship with the training parameters and the relevant biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Amateur male athletes engaged in endurance running for more than 5 years were enrolled. Tibial and anterior popliteal arteries on each side were examined by ultrasound with focus on non-atherosclerotic structural wall changes: intima-medial border blurring, presence and character of non-atherosclerotic noduli. Subsequently the descriptive and correlation analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study enrolled 20 amateur male endurance runners from Black Swan Triathlon Club Slovakia. The low atherosclerotic risk was represented by normal lipid levels, BMI under 30 kg/m² and non-smokers in all participants. At least one type of structural artery wall abnormality (noduli or intima-medial border blurring) was present in 19 of 20 participants (95%). The most present was the intima-medial blurring. (80% of participants). The noduli were present in 65% of study group, in almost 40% of these, they were considered as hyperechogenic. All these affections were predominantly in popliteal artery area (65%). The vast majority has bilateral affection. We find a mild correlation between these ultrasound findings and training load represented by annual kilometers and run hours. There was no association between these changes and lipid spectrum or CRP level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The subclinical lower limb artery changes, represented by intima-medial border blurring and non-atherosclerotic noduli were present in almost every amateur endurance runner. Despite the underlying mechanism is not understood, the increased training load seems to be one of the responsible factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"663-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141592127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic pathoanatomy of greater trochanteric pain syndrome.","authors":"Leire Atilano, Nerea Martin, Gotzon Iglesias, Jose Ignacio Martin, Josu Mendiola, Ayoola Aiyegbusi, Paola Bully, Manuel Rodriguez-Palomo, Isabel Andia","doi":"10.1007/s40477-023-00836-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-023-00836-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To identify and highlight pertinent US features that could serve as imaging biomarkers to describe different patient phenotypes, within Great Trochanteric Pain Syndrome (GTPS) clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using ultrasound we evaluated eighty-eight clinically diagnosed patients with GTPS, for tendon matrix changes and calcium deposits in the gluteus medius (superoposterior and lateral aspects) and in the gluteus minimus. Peritrochanteric examination included fascia lata, trochanteric bursa, cortical irregularities and the presence of enthesophytes. The association of pathological changes with pain and functionality was evaluated using multivariate regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 88 patients, 86 examinations (97.7%) detected gluteus medius tendinopathy, and 54 patients (61.4%) had gluteus minimus tendinopathy in addition. Calcium deposits were present in 97.7% of patients, associated with tenderness (p = 0.009), and most often located in the gluteus medius rather than in the gluteus minimus (p = 0.014); calcifications were associated with tendon thickness (p = 0.042), hypoechogenicity (p = 0.005) and the presence of partial tears (p = 0.030). Bursa swelling occurred in 36 patients (40.9%); multivariate regression models predicted less pain in patients with bursa distension (p = 0.008) and dysfunction in patients with gluteal muscle atrophy (p = 0.001) and loss of fibrillar pattern in the gluteus medius (p = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GTPS involves both degenerative calcifying gluteal tendinopathy and alterations in the peritrochanteric space associated with physical function and pain. The severity of GTPS can be assessed using ultrasound imaging biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"501-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138810380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustable-tip needles versus fixed-tip needles in radiofrequency ablation of symptomatic benign thyroid nodules: a single-center Italian experience.","authors":"Mattia Rossi, Letizia Meomartino, Loredana Pagano, Giulia Follini, Sara Garberoglio, Mauro Maccario, Ruth Rossetto Giaccherino, Roberto Garberoglio","doi":"10.1007/s40477-024-00926-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-024-00926-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this retrospective, observational study we aim to compare the outcomes of the RFA treatment of benign thyroid nodules, carried out respectively with the standard fixed-needle approach (FTN) and the adjustable-tip needle technique (ATN), considered a more tailored, quicker and easier technical approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled 36 patients who underwent RFA treatment of symptomatic, benign, thyroid nodule, 18 with the ATN and 18 with the FTN approach, respectively. Data about absolute volume reduction, volume reduction rate (VRR) and success rate (defined as VRR ≥ 50%), after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow-up were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study suggested no substantial difference between the approaches, up to 6 months of follow-up, both in terms of absolute reduction (p = 0.27) and VRR (p = 0.14). These results were confirmed when the success rates, both in terms of 50%-reduction (p = 0.12) and absolute reduction (p = 0.42), was considered. Only at the 6-month evaluation, the FTN procedure showed a better success rate, yet without statistical significance (88.9% vs. 61.1%, p = 0.12). No difference emerged both in terms of patients' satisfaction and safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our small experience suggested no substantial difference between ATN and FTN, in terms of outcomes. On the other hand, ATN was considered to be more straightforward and could consequently allow for a shorter operator learning curve.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"699-706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141441144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Story of Short Femur: A Single-Center Study with Step-Wise Imaging Approach.","authors":"Shubhra Agarwal, Arjit Agarwal, Shruti Chandak","doi":"10.1007/s40477-022-00765-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-022-00765-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the possible outcomes of fetuses diagnosed with short femur length (FL) and to guide diagnosis through a step-wise imaging algorithm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective cohort study of 42 pregnancies with fetal femur length (FL) below the 5th centile for gestational age. The cases were divided into two categories of isolated short FL & non-isolated short FL and followed up to determine the etiology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 11 cases of non-isolated short FL with skeletal dysplasia observed in 7 and chromosomal abnormalities in 4 cases. There were 31 cases with isolated short FL in which fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurred in 14/31 (45%) cases; 13 out of 31 (42%) were constitutional (short for gestational age, SGA) whereas 4/31(13%) showed normal interval growth on follow up (false positive).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short femur can be isolated or non-isolated. Short femur length can be a good predictor and early sign of FGR. Serial follow up scan of the all cases of isolated short FL is important since a majority of them are normal and not require any further intervention. Cases of non-isolated short FL require step-wise approach to differentiate into dysplasia or aneuploidy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"433-440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10569804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of placenta in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.","authors":"Nagappan Elango, Rajakumar Rathnasamy, Jayaprakash Natarajan, Viyannan Maheswaran, S P Annamalai","doi":"10.1007/s40477-023-00801-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-023-00801-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Placental dysfunction is one of the main causes of preeclampsia and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This is a prospective comparative study done on 30 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia and another 30 pregnant women as controls. In all these subjects the elasticity of the placenta was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained showed that there was a significant difference in SWV values between the two groups (p value = 0.001). The mean SWV value of normal pregnant women was 0.99 m/ second as opposed to 1.99 m/second in pre-eclamptic pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sonoelastography is a promising noninvasive tool in the detection of preeclampsia with high diagnostic accuracy. The SWV values measured at the central zones of the placenta with a cut-off value of 1.325 m/s identify the presence of pre-eclampsia with high sensitivity and specificity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"471-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9899860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological characteristics of the patellar tendon in runners, cyclists, triathletes, and physically active individuals.","authors":"Morgana Lunardi, Raphael Luiz Sakugawa, Franklin Everaldo Furtado, Lucas Tavares Sampaio, Fernando Diefenthaeler","doi":"10.1007/s40477-023-00865-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-023-00865-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the study was to compare measurements of length, thickness, and cross-section area (CSA) of the patellar tendon (PT) among cyclists, runners, triathletes, and physically active individuals (control group). Forty healthy individuals (10 cyclists, 10 runners, 10 triathletes, and 10 physically active individuals) aged between 18 and 45 years (30.3 ± 8.6 years) participated in the study. PT was measured by a B-mode ultrasound system. To measure the length and thickness (in 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm of the PT length) the probe was positioned parallel to the tendon and to measure the CSA the probe was positioned perpendicularly in 25, 50, and 75% of the PT length. PT length data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA to compare between groups and PT CSA and thickness were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA (group vs. position) to compare the variables among the groups with the post-hoc Tukey test. All statistical analyses were performed considering p < 0.05. We observed a significant difference, where cyclists had smaller PT thickness (regardless of the location measured) compared to the group of triathletes (p = 0.001) and the physically active group (p = 0.043). All other variables (length, thickness, and CSA) and interactions (local and position) were not significant. We concluded that regardless of the position where PT thickness is measured, cyclists have smaller PT thickness compared to triathletes and physically active individuals but similar when compared to runners. And no differences in the length and CSA of the PT between groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"527-535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139934118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Exploring the potential of contrast agents in breast cancer echography: current state and future directions.","authors":"Oriana Monzeglio, Vittoria Maria Melissa, Sara Rodolfi, Eleonora Valentini, Alessandro Carriero","doi":"10.1007/s40477-024-00892-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-024-00892-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140899701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-hand ultrasound strain elastography in evaluation of soft tissue tumors.","authors":"Fabio Sandomenico, Gianluigi De Rosa, Orlando Catalano, Maria Iovino, Gabriella Sandomenico, Antonio Corvino, Antonella Petrillo","doi":"10.1007/s40477-024-00893-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-024-00893-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study is to evaluate elastography in a wide spectrum of soft tissue superficial lesions by correlating the elastographic characteristics of these lesions with the elastographic score (ES) system established by Asteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Forty patients with different superficial lesions of the soft tissues were studied, including lipomas, schwannomas, neuromas, epidermal inclusion cysts, \"in transit\" melanoma metastasis, arterio-venous malformation, and giant-cell tumor. An ultrasound examination was performed combined with color-Doppler and elastographic module. The B-mode criteria were echogenicity, margins, and structural homogeneity of the lesion. The color-Doppler criterion was irregular and mainly intra-nodular vascularization. ES 1-4 was attributed, in relation with the increasing tissue stiffness, according to the classification of Asteria adapted for soft tissues. Subsequently, we added to each single B-mode and color-Doppler criterion the ES 3 and 4, thus crossing two parameters of malignancy. All the presumptive diagnoses formulated were confirmed with the clinical data or with the histopathological result.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The hypoechoic appearance had the best diagnostic performance. Sensitivity was 87%, specificity 71%, positive predictive value (PPV) 80%, negative predictive value (NPV) 80%, and diagnostic accuracy 80%. There was a good correlation with the clinical and biopsy data, the irregularity of margins the worst performance, the inhomogeneity an intermediate. Color-Doppler had sensitivity 74%, specificity 82%, PPV 85%, NPV 70% and diagnostic accuracy 77.5%. Elastography had sensitivity 87%, specificity 94%, PPV 95%, NPV 84%, and diagnostic accuracy 90%. The combination hypoechoic appearance + ES3/ES4 showed sensitivity 83%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 81%,and diagnostic accuracy of 90%. The combination of irregularity of margins + ES3/ES4 showed sensitivity 43%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 59%, and diagnostic accuracy of 67.5%. The combination of inhomogeneity of the lesion + ES3/ES4 showed sensitivity 65%, specificity 94%, PPV 94%, NPV 68%, and diagnostic accuracy of 78%. The combination of the color-Doppler with the ES3/ES4 showed sensitivity 69.5%, specificity 100%, PPV 100%, NPV 71%, and diagnostic accuracy of 82.5%.In the combined evaluation, there was a significant increase in specificity, allowing healthy subjects to be categorized as correctly negative, with a reduction in false positives which also translates into an increase in PPV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Elastography alone is not sufficient for a correct diagnostic classification and must be considered as an additional parameter in the study of soft-tissue lesions. Although there was a good agreement between B-mode malignancy criteria and ES3/ES4, there is no significant improvement in sensitivity. Ultrasound assessment, especially of superficial lesions, cannot be","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"589-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraobserver reliability and validity of a single ultrasonic measurement of the lateral condyle-capsule distance in the temporomandibular joint.","authors":"Raquel Delgado-Delgado, Orlando Conde-Vázquez, Fiona Mc Fall, Tomás Fernández-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s40477-023-00818-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40477-023-00818-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of a single lateral condyle-capsule distance (LCCD) measurement while saving on economic costs and clinical resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal test-retest design was used to assess the reliability and validity of single-examiner measures over 72 TMJ sonographic analyses. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and a Bland-Altman plot were used to study reliability and validity, comparing the first measurement of the LCCD to the mean of 3 measurements taken one week later by the same examiner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ICC show intraobserver reliability of 0.981, 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.969 to 0.988. The mean difference between the ultrasound measurements is 0.019 mm (95% CI 0.0005-0.0383) with a standard deviation of 0.080 mm, demonstrating robust validity. The 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) are - 0.138 for the lower limit and 0.177 for the upper. Mean relative error is 0.009 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraobserver reliability of a trained examiner is very high in the single measurement of the LCCD and validity is significant compared to more complex methods. The risk of bias is low since the mean of three LCCD measurements is calculated as opposed to recording only one single measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"479-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333410/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10185261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}