European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie最新文献

{"title":"Leaving the City: Counterurbanisation and Internal Return Migration in Sweden.","authors":"Erika Sandow, Emma Lundholm","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09649-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09649-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines counterurban migration among young families with children in Sweden and the extent to which these moves reflect return migration, recognising the role of family members and family roots at the destination from a life course perspective. Drawing on register data for all young families with children leaving the Swedish metropolitan areas during the years 2003-2013, we analyse the pattern of counterurban moves and explore how the families' socioeconomic characteristics, childhood origins, and links to family networks are associated with becoming a counterurban mover and choice of destination. The results show that four out of ten counterurban movers are former urban movers who choose to return to their home region. Among them, almost all have family at the destination, indicating that family ties are important for counterurban migration. In general, urban residents with a background outside metropolitan areas are much more likely to become counterurban movers. Families' previous residential experiences during childhood, particularly in rural areas, are found to be associated with the residential environment they choose to resettle in when leaving the big city. Counterurban movers making a return move are similar to other counterurban movers in relation to employment status, but tend to be better off economically and move longer distances than other counterurban movers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9994779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9136767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love is Elsewhere: Internal Migration and Marriage Prospects in China.","authors":"Wanru Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09658-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09658-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migration and marriage are major life events that might interact and be jointly decided. Places with good labor market opportunities may or may not provide good marriage options. In this paper, I quantify gains and losses in marriage prospects for unmarried migrants and natives during the population redistribution driven by internal migration. I also examine how the experiences differ by individual characteristics and regional factors. The analysis measures marriage prospects using the availability ratio (AR) with adaptive assortative matching norms for every unmarried individual from sample data of the 2010 China population census. The AR quantifies the intensity of competition for suitable partners in the local marriage market. I compare (1) migrants' current AR with an alternative AR if the migrant returned to the hometown and (2) natives' AR with a hypothetical AR if all migrants returned to their hometown. The first comparison shows that among migrants moving for labor market opportunities, most women have higher ARs (better marriage prospects) in the place of residence than in their hometown, especially those of rural origin. In contrast, migrant men's ARs mostly decrease after migration except for the best educated. The second comparison reveals small negative externalities of internal migration on ARs for native women but positive impacts for some native men. The results suggest a conflict between labor market opportunities that dominate internal migration decisions and marriage market opportunities in China. This study demonstrates a method to quantify and compare marriage prospects and extends the literature on how migration and marriage interact.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9981853/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10828102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second Birth Fertility in Germany: Social Class, Gender, and the Role of Economic Uncertainty.","authors":"Michaela Kreyenfeld, Dirk Konietzka, Philippe Lambert, Vincent Jerald Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09656-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09656-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Building on a thick strand of the literature on the determinants of higher-order births, this study uses a gender and class perspective to analyse second birth progression rates in Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 1990 to 2020, individuals are classified based on their occupation into: upper service, lower service, skilled manual/higher-grade routine nonmanual, and semi-/unskilled manual/lower-grade routine nonmanual classes. Results highlight the \"economic advantage\" of men and women in service classes who experience strongly elevated second birth rates. Finally, we demonstrate that upward career mobility post-first birth is associated with higher second birth rates, particularly among men.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9979123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10820719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Intergenerational Transmission of Family Dissolution: How it Varies by Social Class Origin and Birth Cohort.","authors":"Alessandro Di Nallo, Daniel Oesch","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09654-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09654-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children from separated parents are more likely to also experience the dissolution of their own union. For many children, parental separation thus is an adverse life course event that follows them into adulthood. We examine whether parents' social class mitigates this adversity and weakens the intergenerational transmission of family dissolution for children from advantaged class origins. This is the case if separated parents with more resources are able to offer better living conditions to their children and keep them longer in education, reducing children's incentives for early home-leaving, early cohabitation and early childbearing-three life course choices that increase the risk of later family dissolution. We analyse the existence of such a compensatory class advantage for three birth cohorts in the UK. Based on 38,000 life histories from two panel surveys (BHPS, UKLHS), we find a strong link between parents' family dissolution and offspring's family dissolution, and a reversal in the effect of parents' class on children's risk of family dissolution over the three birth cohorts of the Silent Generation (1925-45), Baby Boomers (1946-64) and Generation X (1965-79). However, there is no evidence that the intergenerational transmission of union dissolution is mitigated by a compensatory class effect for offspring from more advantaged class origins. Regardless of class origin, parents' union dissolution is associated with a much larger risk of union dissolution among their offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10782405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double Disadvantage in a Nordic Welfare State: A Demographic Analysis of the Single-Parent Employment Gap in Finland, 1987-2018.","authors":"Juho Härkönen, Marika Jalovaara, Eevi Lappalainen, Anneli Miettinen","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09651-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09651-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study demonstrates how an evolving negative educational gradient of single parenthood can interact with changing labour market conditions to shape labour market inequalities between partnered and single parents. We analysed trends in employment rates among Finnish partnered and single mothers and fathers from 1987 to 2018. In the late 1980s' Finland, single mothers' employment was internationally high and on par with that of partnered mothers, and single fathers' employment rate was just below that of partnered fathers. The gaps between single and partnered parents emerged and increased during the 1990s recession, and after the 2008 economic crisis, it widened further. In 2018, the employment rates of single parents were 11-12 percentage points lower than those of partnered parents. We ask how much of this single-parent employment gap could be explained by compositional factors, and the widening educational gradient of single parenthood in particular. We use Chevan and Sutherland's decomposition technique on register data, which allows us to decompose the single-parent employment gap into the composition and rate effects by each category of the background variables. The findings point to an increasing double disadvantage of single parents: the gradually evolving disadvantage in educational backgrounds together with large differences in employment rates between single and partnered parents with low education explain large parts of the widening employment gap. Sociodemographic changes in interaction with changes in the labour market can produce inequalities by family structure in a Nordic society known for its extensive support for combining childcare and employment for all parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9944225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10764058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Religiosity and Fertility Intentions Via Grandparenting: Evidence from GGS Data.","authors":"Charalampos Dantis, Ester Lucia Rizzi, Thomas Baudin","doi":"10.1007/s10680-023-09652-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10680-023-09652-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the literature concerning the association between religiosity and fertility in European countries is already quite extensive, studies exploring the mechanisms of action of religiosity are rare. The main aim of this article is to investigate whether grandparental childcare is a mediating or moderating variable in the association between attendance at religious services and the intention to have a second or third child. Building on previous literature, we assume that parents who are more religious might put more effort into establishing a positive relation with the grandparents of their child/children. Consequently, compared to parents who are less religious, those who are more religious could be more receptive to possible encouragement from grandparents to have another child and may be more optimistic regarding grandparents' involvement with an additional child. Using Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) data for eleven European countries, we find evidence of a strong and positive effect of attendance at religious services on fertility intentions. Receipt of regular or weekly help from grandparents positively moderates the association between attendance at religious services and fertility intentions, albeit only for male respondents and mainly for the intention to have a second child.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"39 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9931957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10747959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gendered Effects of Divorce on Mothers' and Fathers' Time with Children and Children's Developmental Activities: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Tomás Cano,&nbsp;Pablo Gracia","doi":"10.1007/s10680-022-09643-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09643-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How divorce influences parents' and children's time use has received very little scientific attention. This study uses high-quality longitudinal time-diary data across six waves from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to examine how parental separation shapes parent-child time and children's daily activities. Results show that separation leads to a strong increase of gender inequalities in parents' time use. After separation, mother-child time doubles, two-parent time declines by three, and father-child time remains low. Parental separation also leads to a decline in children's time allocated to educational activities (e.g., studying, reading) and an increase in children's time in unstructured activities (e.g., TV watching, video gaming, smartphone use). Additionally, the effect of separation on children's time use is twice as large for boys than for girls, with gender gaps in children's unstructured time increasing over time. Finally, mother-child time returns to similar pre-separation levels over time, but only after 4 years since separation occurred. The study findings are robust to different panel regression strategies. Overall, this study implies that parental divorce negatively affects children's developmental time use, especially among boys, and leads lone mothers to experience increasing 'time penalties' associated with gender inequalities in society.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"38 5","pages":"1277-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9547571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality Advantage Reversed: The Causes of Death Driving All-Cause Mortality Differentials Between Immigrants, the Descendants of Immigrants and Ancestral Natives in Sweden, 1997-2016.","authors":"Matthew Wallace","doi":"10.1007/s10680-022-09637-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09637-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A small but growing body of studies have documented the alarming mortality situation of adult descendants of migrants in a number of European countries. Nearly all of them have focused on all-cause mortality to reveal these important health inequalities. This paper takes advantage of the Swedish population registers to study all-cause and cause-specific mortality among men and women aged 15-44 in Sweden from 1997 to 2016 to a level of granularity unparalleled elsewhere. It adopts a multi-generation, multi-origin and multi-cause-of-death approach. Using extended, competing-risks survival models, it aims to show (1) how the all-cause mortality of immigrants arriving as adults (the <b>G1</b>), immigrants arriving as children (the <b>G1.5</b>) and children of immigrants born in Sweden to at least one immigrant parent (the <b>G2</b>) differs versus ancestral Swedes and (2) what causes-of-deaths drive these differentials. For all-cause mortality, most <b>G1</b> (not Finns or Sub-Saharan Africans) have a mortality advantage. This contrasts with a near systematic reversal in the mortality of the <b>G1.5</b> and <b>G2</b> (notably among men), which is driven by excess <i>accident and injury</i>, <i>suicide</i>, <i>substance use</i> and <i>other external cause</i> mortality. Given that external causes-of-death are preventable and avoidable, the findings raise questions about integration processes, the levels of inequality immigrant populations are exposed to in Sweden and ultimately, whether the legacy of immigration has been positive. Strengths of the study include the use of quality data and advanced methods, the granularity of the estimates, and the provision of evidence that highlights the precarious mortality situation of the seldom-studied <b>G1.5</b>.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10680-022-09637-0.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"38 5","pages":"1213-1241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9896887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movers and Stayers: A Study of Emigration from Sweden 1993-2014.","authors":"Debora Pricila Birgier,&nbsp;Christer Lundh,&nbsp;Yitchak Haberfeld,&nbsp;Erik Elldér","doi":"10.1007/s10680-022-09634-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09634-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A standard proposition in the migration literature is that emigrants are not drawn randomly from their source population, but rather compose a self-selected group in terms of labour market characteristics. Such self-selection refers to observed characteristics, such as education, or occupation, as well as unobserved characteristics such as cognitive abilities. However, due to data limitations, most previous studies on selectivity have analysed immigrants' characteristics at destinations rather than using data from their source countries. This paper assesses emigrants' selectivity patterns by following the full-risk population of natives over a long period of time (over 20 years). It also includes an innovative measure of selectivity on unobserved characteristics-namely, school performance-as a proxy for individual motivation and cognitive abilities, and it compares it to the widely used measure of income residuals. We use Swedish register data and assess the probabilities of leaving Sweden between 1993 and 2014 among men and women born in Sweden between 1975 and 1978. We further look for differences among Swedish emigrants who chose different countries of destination. The findings suggest that emigrants are positively self-selected in terms of their observed characteristics, whereas selectivity patterns in terms of unobserved characteristics are more complex. When we assess unobservable characteristics using compulsory school grades as a proxy, emigrants are found to be positively self-selected, while when using income residuals, we find that the effect is U-shaped. Individuals leaving to non-Nordic countries are also found to be more positively self-selected than those heading to neighbouring countries. We discuss these findings and their implications in light of economic and sociological theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"38 5","pages":"1033-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9848636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Couple Formation is Prolonged not Postponed. New Paths to Union Formation in Contemporary France.","authors":"Marie Bergström,&nbsp;Léonard Moulin","doi":"10.1007/s10680-022-09629-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-022-09629-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In France, as in other European countries, the age at first cohabiting union has risen over the past decades, as a result of longer school enrolment, structural economic changes, and new family norms. While the median age at first co-resident couple was 23.8 for men born in France in the beginning of the 1950s, it was 26.0 among the generation born in the beginning of the 1970s. This tendency is often referred to as a postponement of couple formation and as a part of a broader delay in the transition to adulthood. This article argues, on the contrary, that couple formation has not been postponed but prolonged. In fact, age at first couple formation has remained stable across generations born since the mid-twentieth century in France. Starting from there, we take on a biographical approach to examine the nature, duration, and articulation of the successive stages that make up young people's conjugal trajectories in France. What are the different pathways into couple life, and how have these changed over time? In order to answer these questions, we use optimal matching methods to identify ideal typical trajectories and then logistic regressions in order to see how these relate to generational differences as well as sociodemographic characteristics. We observe three traditional, three timeless and five new paths to couple life. The main historical change is the increasingly gradual nature of union formation, a trend that reflects a dual pattern. First, unions are progressively institutionalized: the time laps between different relationship stages, such as \"going out,\" \"settling in,\" and eventually marrying, have expanded. Second, young people increasingly experience several relationships during youth: the different steps of couple formation are taken with different partners. We conclude that couple formation is not delayed per se; it is rather the material and institutional formalization of unions that is put off for the future. We discuss the scientific and methodological implications of this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51496,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Population-Revue Europeenne De Demographie","volume":"38 5","pages":"975-1008"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9864867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}