Population and Development Review最新文献_第8页

Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States 家庭结构是否能解释父母教育程度对儿童成就差距的影响？英国、法国、德国和美国的研究结果

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12623

Anne Solaz, Lidia Panico, Alexandra Sheridan, Thorsten Schneider, Jascha Dräger, Jane Waldfogel, Sarah Jiyoon Kwon, Elizabeth Washbrook, Valentina Perinetti Casoni

{"title":"Does Family Structure Account for Child Achievement Gaps by Parental Education? Findings for England, France, Germany and the United States","authors":"Anne Solaz, Lidia Panico, Alexandra Sheridan, Thorsten Schneider, Jascha Dräger, Jane Waldfogel, Sarah Jiyoon Kwon, Elizabeth Washbrook, Valentina Perinetti Casoni","doi":"10.1111/padr.12623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12623","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of family trajectories during childhood in explaining inequalities by maternal education in children's math and reading skills using harmonized, longitudinal, and nationally representative surveys, which follow children over the course of primary and lower secondary school in four high‐income countries (England, France, Germany, and the United States). As single parenthood and family transitions are more likely among less educated parents and are associated with fewer resources for children, we explore whether growing up outside a stable two‐parent family mediates educational inequalities in math and reading scores.Results show a strong educational gradient in family trajectories in the four countries, but this varies by child age and by country. Children who experience a family transition record lower test scores, although the magnitude differs by the type of postseparation arrangements.Overall, family trajectories are strongly associated with children's math and reading scores but, because of the importance of selectivity in family trajectories, they play only a modest role in explaining the skills gaps by maternal education, considerably less than determinants such as income. The penalties associated with not living within a stable two‐parent family are always larger in the United States and England than in France and Germany.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140557311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remittances‐Adjusted Support Ratio 汇款调整后的支助比率

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12627

Lukas Tohoff, Daji Landis, Letizia Mencarini, Arnstein Aassve

引用次数: 0

Climatic Variability and Internal Migration in Asia: Evidence from Big Microdata 亚洲的气候多变性与国内移民：来自大型微观数据的证据

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12612

Brian C. Thiede, Abbie Robinson, Clark Gray

{"title":"Climatic Variability and Internal Migration in Asia: Evidence from Big Microdata","authors":"Brian C. Thiede, Abbie Robinson, Clark Gray","doi":"10.1111/padr.12612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12612","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of climate change on human migration have received widespread attention, driven in part by concerns about potential large‐scale population displacements. Recent studies demonstrate that climate‐migration linkages are often complex, and climatic variability may increase, decrease, or have null effects on migration. However, the use of noncomparable analytic strategies across studies makes it difficult to disentangle substantive variation in climate effects across populations and places from methodological artifacts. We address this gap by using harmonized census and survey microdata from six Asian countries (n = 54,987,838) to measure climate effects on interprovincial migration, overall and among subpopulations defined by age, sex, education, and country of residence. We also evaluate whether climate effects differ according to the distance and type of move. Exposure to precipitation deficits leads to substantively large reductions in out‐migration, and, surprisingly, these overall effects do not vary meaningfully by age, sex, or educational attainment. However, there are significant differences in the strength and direction of temperature and precipitation effects by country and within countries. Multinomial models show that precipitation deficits reduce internal migration to both adjacent and nonadjacent provinces. Finally, consistent with expectations that climate effects operate through economic mechanisms, spells of low precipitation reduce the probability of work‐related moves in the countries where the reason for migration is measured. Our findings provide further evidence that adverse environmental conditions can reduce migration, underlining the need for policymakers to consider how to support both displaced and trapped populations.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility Responses to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Perspective of Reproductive Process 对 COVID-19 大流行的生育反应：从生殖过程的角度看

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-28 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12626

Xinguang Fan

{"title":"Fertility Responses to the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Perspective of Reproductive Process","authors":"Xinguang Fan","doi":"10.1111/padr.12626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12626","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID‐19 pandemic has potential large‐scale impacts on population dynamics. Yet, recent theories and empirical analyses fall short of fully articulating the extent and nature of the pandemic's influence on birth rates at the aggregate level. This study advances the comprehension of fertility dynamics amid the pandemic by focusing on the reproductive process. The effects of the pandemic on conceptions and pregnancy terminations may exhibit considerable variability, which, in turn, could dictate the observed patterns in birth rates during the pandemic. Employing the data from the Performance Monitoring Action survey in Burkina Faso and Kenya, which includes information on conceptions, pregnancy terminations, and births, the research dissects the nuances of fertility behavior in response to the pandemic. Findings indicate an uptick in conception rates around six months following the onset of the pandemic in Kenya, while pregnancy terminations did not significantly shift in either country. Further, the data reveal a pronounced increase in conception rates among disadvantaged groups, whereas a downturn in pregnancy terminations was noted predominantly in urban areas during the early phase of the pandemic. These findings underscore the importance of considering the reproductive process when studying fertility responses to catastrophic events.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State‐Level Immigrant Policies and Ideal Family Size in the United States 美国州一级的移民政策与理想家庭规模

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12621

Julia A. Behrman, Abigail Weitzman

{"title":"State‐Level Immigrant Policies and Ideal Family Size in the United States","authors":"Julia A. Behrman, Abigail Weitzman","doi":"10.1111/padr.12621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12621","url":null,"abstract":"Demographers have long been interested in how fertility ideals vary in response to perceived existential threats. Although migration scholars document the increasingly threatening nature of U.S. immigration policies, little research explores how these policies shape the fertility ideals of those most affected by them. To that end, we exploit spatiotemporal variation in states’ evolving immigrant policy contexts to understand the effects of different policies on the ideal family size of Hispanics—a group who is most likely to be stereotyped as undocumented and most likely to live in mixed‐status households or communities. Specifically, we combine time‐varying information on state‐level immigrant policies with geo‐referenced data from the General Social Survey. Results suggest that ideal family sizes are significantly higher among Hispanics (compared to non‐Hispanic whites) in state‐years with omnibus policies—which bundle multiple restrictive laws together and thus impose sweeping restrictions— compared to state‐years without these policies. On the other hand, sanctuary policies, which aim to curb federal immigration enforcement, and E‐verify mandates, which aim to curb the employment of undocumented immigrants, are not associated with significant differences. Our analyses provide new insights into the complex ways in which the evolving U.S. immigrant policy landscape has far‐reaching impacts on reproductive and family life.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140317212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Where Does the Black–White Life Expectancy Gap Come From? The Deadly Consequences of Residential Segregation 黑人与白人的预期寿命差距从何而来？住宅隔离的致命后果

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12625

Arun S. Hendi

{"title":"Where Does the Black–White Life Expectancy Gap Come From? The Deadly Consequences of Residential Segregation","authors":"Arun S. Hendi","doi":"10.1111/padr.12625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12625","url":null,"abstract":"The disparity in life expectancy between white and black Americans exceeds five years for men and three years for women. While prior research has investigated the roles of healthcare, health behaviors, biological risk, socioeconomic status, and life course effects on black mortality, the literature on the geographic origins of the gap is more limited. This study examines how the black–white life expectancy gap varies across counties and how much of the national gap is attributable to within-county racial inequality versus differences between counties. The estimates suggest that over 90 percent of the national gap can be attributed to within-county factors. Using a quasi-experimental research design, I find that black–white residential segregation increases the gap by approximately 16 years for men and five years for women. The segregation effect loads heavily on causes of death associated with access to and quality of healthcare; safety and violence; and public health measures. Residential segregation does not appear to operate through health behaviors or individual-level factors but instead acts primarily through institutional mechanisms. Efforts to address racial disparities in mortality should focus on reducing racial residential segregation or reducing inequalities in the mechanisms through which residential segregation acts: public services, employment opportunities, and community resources.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Societal Pessimism and the Transition to Parenthood: A Future Too Bleak to Have Children? 社会悲观主义与为人父母的过渡：生儿育女的前景是否过于暗淡？

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12620

Katya Ivanova, Nicoletta Balbo

{"title":"Societal Pessimism and the Transition to Parenthood: A Future Too Bleak to Have Children?","authors":"Katya Ivanova, Nicoletta Balbo","doi":"10.1111/padr.12620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12620","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary adults often cite economic uncertainty, global warming, and increasing inequality as reasons for intending not to have children. Despite extensive research on the impact of societal pessimism on attitudes towards out-group members, political preferences, and voting behaviors, its impact on demographic behaviors, such as fertility, has received little attention. This study examines the relationship between societal pessimism—captured through individuals' negative perception of the future of the next generation—and their likelihood of becoming a parent. Using data from the Dutch Longitudinal Internet studies for the Social Sciences (LISS), we use discrete-time event history models to estimate the probability of becoming a parent in a given year based on respondents' self-reported negative assessment of the future of the next generation in six distinct areas. Our results demonstrate that perceiving the future of the coming generation as worse than today is associated with a lower probability of becoming a parent. These findings suggest that surveys aimed at understanding fertility behaviors should incorporate questions about individuals' perceptions of the future, in addition to their own contemporaneous conditions.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140192776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fertility Postponement, Economic Uncertainty, and the Increasing Income Prerequisites of Parenthood 生育推迟、经济不确定性和为人父母的收入前提条件不断增加

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12624

Daniël van Wijk, Francesco C. Billari

{"title":"Fertility Postponement, Economic Uncertainty, and the Increasing Income Prerequisites of Parenthood","authors":"Daniël van Wijk, Francesco C. Billari","doi":"10.1111/padr.12624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12624","url":null,"abstract":"Rich societies have witnessed a postponement of parenthood over the past two decades, and young adults’ economic conditions are often invoked to explain this trend. However, macro-level trends in both “subjective” perceptions of economic uncertainty and “objective” measures of actual income provide no satisfactory explanation for the postponement of parenthood. We propose a potential solution to this puzzle by hypothesizing that the economic prerequisites of parenthood have increased over the past two decades. We expect that this has raised the degree of perceived economic certainty and the level of income that people wish to achieve before having a first child. To test this hypothesis, we draw on individual-level longitudinal data from seven countries from the Comparative Panel File. Our findings show that young adults’ perceived economic uncertainty is not consistently associated with the transition to parenthood. Moreover, the effects of perceived economic uncertainty did not change over time. In contrast, we find consistent evidence that the link between income and first birth has become more strongly positive over the past two decades. This is true mainly for women but also for men, and suggests that increasing income prerequisites are a key mechanism behind the postponement of parenthood.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Missing Millions: Uncovering the Burden of Covid-19 Cases and Deaths in the African Region 失踪的数百万人：揭示非洲地区 Covid-19 病例和死亡的沉重负担

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12608

Tara McKay, Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Serena Musungu, Nana Addo Padi-Adjirackor, Nicole Angotti

{"title":"The Missing Millions: Uncovering the Burden of Covid-19 Cases and Deaths in the African Region","authors":"Tara McKay, Rachel Sullivan Robinson, Serena Musungu, Nana Addo Padi-Adjirackor, Nicole Angotti","doi":"10.1111/padr.12608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12608","url":null,"abstract":"Early in 2020, experts warned of the devastating toll that COVID-19 would have on African countries. By the close of 2021, however, Africa remained one of the least affected regions in the world, leading commentators to speculate about a so-called “Africa paradox”. This review evaluates current research and data to establish the burden of COVID-19 infections and mortality in the African region. Despite claims that African countries were spared from COVID-19 infection, there is now considerable serological evidence confirming that people in African countries ultimately experienced levels of SARS-CoV2 infection comparable to or more than people in other global regions. Additionally, multiple measures demonstrate substantial impacts of COVID-19 on mortality in specific African countries where mortality and/or seroprevalence data are available. The gaps between recorded cases and seroprevalence are large and increased over the course of the pandemic. Researchers also observe significant gaps between recorded COVID-19 deaths and other measures of mortality, attributable to weak civil and vital registration systems, limited health care resources, and higher mortality at younger ages. Our findings reinforce the need for more equitable global distribution of health care resources and expanded disease and mortality surveillance across the continent.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140117975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Henry Kissinger on Population and National Security 亨利-基辛格谈人口与国家安全

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12613

引用次数: 0