Population and Development Review最新文献_第3页

Trends and Decomposition of Changes in Mortality in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries, 1950–2019 1950-2019年低收入和中等收入国家死亡率变化趋势和分解

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.70000

Marcia C. Castro, Cassio M. Turra, Jamie Ponmattam

{"title":"Trends and Decomposition of Changes in Mortality in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries, 1950–2019","authors":"Marcia C. Castro, Cassio M. Turra, Jamie Ponmattam","doi":"10.1111/padr.70000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.70000","url":null,"abstract":"From 1950 to 2019, all countries experienced an increase in life expectancy at birth. However, the magnitude and pace of change varied. Lower income countries experienced relatively larger increases, leading to a convergence process. Nevertheless, disparities remained pronounced in comparison to wealthier countries. In accordance with the health transition model, countries typically observe a decline in mortality rates by first achieving greater gains in young and adult ages. In this study, we build on the existing literature on health transition to demonstrate that by 2019, 55 percent of the 118 low‐ and middle‐income countries analyzed had reached a life expectancy at birth of at least 70 years. Notably, only two countries from sub‐Saharan Africa met this threshold. Additionally, 54 percent of the countries transitioned into the “cardiovascular revolution” stage, where improvements in adult mortality significantly increased life expectancy at birth. Meanwhile, 49 percent advanced to the “slowing the aging process” stage, characterized by greater gains in life expectancy from ages 65 and older than those aged 30–60. However, when applying a more restrictive criterion focused on ages above 80, this proportion drops to 19 percent. The results demonstrate an ongoing process of divergence–convergence between high‐ and low‐income countries and within middle‐ and low‐income groups.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Editors’ Note on Looking Backward, Looking Forward: Celebrating 50 Years of Population and Development Review 回顾过去，展望未来：庆祝《人口与发展评论》出版50周年

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.70002

Raya Muttarak, Joshua Wilde

引用次数: 0

Population and Climate Change: Considering Climate Change Demography's Past and Future 人口与气候变化：考虑气候变化人口统计学的过去和未来

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12722

Kathryn Grace, Emily Klancher Merchant, Nicholas Nagle

{"title":"Population and Climate Change: Considering Climate Change Demography's Past and Future","authors":"Kathryn Grace, Emily Klancher Merchant, Nicholas Nagle","doi":"10.1111/padr.12722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12722","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the potential for the development of a climate change–informed demography. Climate change impacts society in some ways that demographers are best suited to evaluate, providing a setting for demographers to advance foundational theories of demographic change. By considering demography in the context of climate change and climate change in the context of demographic change, climate change demography has the potential to expand scientific and policy understanding of human vulnerability to climate change, while also advancing demographic science. To explore the development of climate change demography, we first reflect on demography's roots and consider how foundational demographic research has and has not considered the natural environment. Second, we describe the beginnings of research by demographers into connections between the natural environment and fertility, mortality, and health. Third, we explore current research at the intersection of climate change and demography, highlighting theory and policy successes and opportunities resulting from research on key issues related to maternal, reproductive, and child health and food insecurity. This research often reflects interdisciplinary engagement between the physical and social sciences, where demographic foundations underlie many of the approaches. Fourth, we consider how the rapidly evolving data landscape and increasing awareness of social and health inequalities in the context of climate change pave the way for more complex and dynamic modeling efforts (e.g., ecological and systems‐based research). In this final section, we also highlight the opportunities provided by framing demographic research within the context of climate change and using increasingly sophisticated data and methodological tools to expand on and revisit key demographic models like the demographic transition. Together, these sections build an overarching and linked climate change–demography–health research agenda rooted in awareness of the past and focused on the needs of the future.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reframing the Relationship Between Fertility and Education in Adolescence: 60 Years of Evidence From Latin America 重塑青少年生育与教育之间的关系：来自拉丁美洲60年的证据

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12720

Ann Garbett, Sarah Neal, Angela Luna Hernandez, Nikos Tzavidis

{"title":"Reframing the Relationship Between Fertility and Education in Adolescence: 60 Years of Evidence From Latin America","authors":"Ann Garbett, Sarah Neal, Angela Luna Hernandez, Nikos Tzavidis","doi":"10.1111/padr.12720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12720","url":null,"abstract":"It is a demographic puzzle that Latin America and the Caribbean's high levels of adolescent fertility have persisted over the course of its dramatic fertility transitions and schooling expansions. These phenomena usually occur alongside postponements to entry into motherhood.To tackle the puzzle, this study untangles, in basic mechanical terms, how the region has maintained such high levels of adolescent fertility. It also delves into the broader theoretical underpinnings of the relationship between schooling and the timing of fertility, which it categorizes into enrollment (i.e. incarceration) and aspirational effects.The study uses 96 nationally representative demographic surveys from 15 countries in the region to produce cohort‐based estimates of the magnitude and timing of parity‐specific adolescent childbearing for school attainment profiles measured in single years. Changes in the likelihood of experiencing adolescent motherhood or having multiple births in adolescence for different schooling careers interlock with surprising findings regarding the timings of those births.The results strongly suggest that school enrollment's ability to forestall fertility appears as effective today as it was over half a century ago, while schooling's aspirational influence has been dramatically modified under changing context and reorganized social hierarchies.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Paul Demeny: An Appreciation 保罗-德梅尼赏析

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1111/padr.70005

Geoffrey McNicoll

引用次数: 0

A New Research Agenda for Social Inequalities in Mortality: Challenges and Open Questions 死亡率社会不平等的新研究议程：挑战和悬而未决的问题

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12717

Isaac Sasson

{"title":"A New Research Agenda for Social Inequalities in Mortality: Challenges and Open Questions","authors":"Isaac Sasson","doi":"10.1111/padr.12717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12717","url":null,"abstract":"Research on mortality inequalities has proliferated in demography in recent decades, documenting disparities between nations and within them across multiple social dimensions. Yet, this literature remains largely descriptive and atheoretical. In this paper, I identify three open questions in need of theoretical development. First, I identify a general shift from gender (and race) based mortality inequalities to class‐based inequalities across low‐mortality countries. I argue that this shift may be better understood by focusing on the structural determinants of population health, in addition to explanations grounded in individual behavior and risk factors. Second, a growing body of literature has called for moving beyond group differences in life expectancy and adopting the concept of lifespan inequality. However, the drivers of lifespan inequality are not well understood. I argue that a comprehensive framework is needed for clarifying the interplay of nature, nurture, and chance in shaping variability in individual lifespans. Third, I draw attention to the causal role that mortality inequalities may play in driving social change. I argue that differential exposure to death in one's network of social relations may give rise to different modes of thinking, feeling, and acting, and in turn lead to group differences in preferences, actions, and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Climate Change and Human Mobility: Considering Context, Mechanisms, and Selectivity 气候变化与人类流动：考虑环境、机制和选择性

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12716

Filiz Garip, Cody A. Reed

引用次数: 0

Individual Behaviors and Health Inequalities: Preterm Birth During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Mexico 个体行为与健康不平等：墨西哥COVID - 19大流行期间的早产

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12715

Mónica L. Caudillo, Andrés Villarreal, Florencia Torche

{"title":"Individual Behaviors and Health Inequalities: Preterm Birth During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Mexico","authors":"Mónica L. Caudillo, Andrés Villarreal, Florencia Torche","doi":"10.1111/padr.12715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12715","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluate the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic for preterm birth in Mexico using microdata that include all births from 2014 to 2022. The country's hybrid public/private healthcare system allows us to examine how women's adaptive behaviors to the health crisis shaped their birth outcomes. The proportion of women giving birth in private hospitals increased dramatically after the onset of the pandemic in March 2020. This was likely a strategy to reduce their risk of infection in public hospitals, many of which were overcrowded. Time‐series models suggest that preterm births increased among women who gave birth in public hospitals but decreased among women who gave birth in private settings. Difference‐in‐differences models based on a conception–cohort design with hospital fixed‐effects indicate that the health benefits from receiving private rather than public care were concentrated among women with higher levels of education. The reduction in preterm births among more educated women was partially explained by their choice of higher quality services within the private sector and by changes in the demographic composition of patients who chose private care. Our analysis illustrates how protective behaviors subject to heterogeneous socioeconomic and structural constraints may lead to unequal health outcomes during health emergencies.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143027194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charting New Courses to Adulthood in the Global South 在全球南方绘制通往成年的新路线

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12711

Shelley Clark, Khandys Agnant

{"title":"Charting New Courses to Adulthood in the Global South","authors":"Shelley Clark, Khandys Agnant","doi":"10.1111/padr.12711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12711","url":null,"abstract":"Growing up in an increasingly global world offers the youth of today unprecedented opportunities and novel challenges. This paper uses data from 47 countries to examine recent trends in how young men and women in the Global South navigate five key transitions to adulthood. Despite some similarities, we find little evidence of convergence across or within regions with respect to finishing school, becoming sexually active, forming a union, having a child, and working for pay. Further, although there have been impressive gains in education for both men and women over the past 20 years, labor force participation, particularly among women, has stalled or declined in most regions. Similarly, the steady increase in women's age of union formation was accompanied by relatively modest gains in their age of first childbirth and marriage continues to be incompatible with paid employment for many women. Overall, men and women follow strikingly different paths to adulthood and, with the exception of education, there are few signs of diminishing gender inequalities. Maximizing the economic and demographic potential of these better educated cohorts of youth will require increasing the availability of skilled jobs and helping women reconcile the competing demands of family and paid employment.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections 低生育率国家的家庭政策：证据与思考

IF 2.5 2区社会学

Population and Development Review Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1111/padr.12691

Anne H. Gauthier, Stuart Gietel‐Basten

{"title":"Family Policies in Low Fertility Countries: Evidence and Reflections","authors":"Anne H. Gauthier, Stuart Gietel‐Basten","doi":"10.1111/padr.12691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12691","url":null,"abstract":"Family policies, defined as measures designed to support families with children, are part of modern welfare states. They range from punctual measures provided at the birth of a child to measures aimed at making it easier for parents to combine work and family responsibilities. The actual goal of these measures varies largely, being explicitly pronatalist in some cases while embracing a more equalitarian principle in others. Despite the variations in the nature of these policies and their stated goal, they are nonetheless all generally assumed to have a positive effect on fertility. The aim of this paper is threefold. First, the aim is to summarize the main findings from the literature on the impact of family policies on fertility. This is done by adopting a historical perspective, including the review of the early studies in this field of research and by distinguishing different methodologies. Second, the aim is to reflect on these findings, including the role of national context and the framing of policies. Third, the aim is also to reflect on the limited impact of policy interventions on fertility, stressing that their “success” should instead be measured in terms of their ability to support families holistically including their work‐life balance.","PeriodicalId":51372,"journal":{"name":"Population and Development Review","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0