Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"Provoking lucid dreams at home with sensory cues paired with pre-sleep cognitive training","authors":"Karen R. Konkoly ,&nbsp;Nathan W. Whitmore ,&nbsp;Remington Mallett,&nbsp;Christopher Y. Mazurek ,&nbsp;Ken A. Paller","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ability to realize that you’re dreaming — lucid dreaming — has value for personal goals and for consciousness research. One route to lucid dreaming is to first undergo pre-sleep training with sensory cues and then receive those cues during REM sleep. This method, Targeted Lucidity Reactivation (TLR), does not demand extensive personal effort but generally requires concurrent polysomnography to guide cue delivery. Here we translated TLR from a laboratory procedure to a smartphone-based procedure without polysomnography. In a first experiment, participants reported increased lucid dreaming with TLR compared to during the prior week. In a second experiment, we showed increased lucidity with TLR compared to blinded control procedures on alternate nights. Cues during sleep were effective when they were the same sounds from pre-sleep training. Increased lucid dreaming can be ascribed to a strong link formed during training between the sounds and a mindset of carefully analyzing one’s current experience.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Picture Corrects a Thousand Words – The Effect of Photos on Veracity Feedback","authors":"Claudine Pulm ,&nbsp;Anne Gast ,&nbsp;Jan Rummel","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The truthiness effect (Newman et al., 2012) refers to the belief that any particular stimulus is truthful when it is accompanied by nonprobative information (e.g., a photograph). Accordingly, photo-accompanied statements are more likely to be judged as truthful compared to statements without a photo. In an online experiment (<em>N</em> = 98) with two assessment times, we aimed to replicate this effect and its persistence over time. Furthermore, we were interested in to what extent feedback on the actual veracity of statements would be affected by the presence of a photo. Participants rated the veracity of trivia statements either accompanied by a nonprobative photo or not. Feedback on veracity, with or without a nonprobative photo, was provided after some but not all veracity judgments. The truthiness effect could neither be replicated immediately nor after 48 h. Feedback facilitated discrimination between true and false statements − especially when accompanied by a photo. However, feedback also led to a bias towards responding “true”. Our findings suggest using photos in feedback on veracity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810024001259/pdfft?md5=ea5826c4d7552de14a8038bd9fd5bc1c&pid=1-s2.0-S1053810024001259-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphantasia and autism: An investigation of mental imagery vividness","authors":"Rachel King,&nbsp;Harry Buxton,&nbsp;Ian Tyndall","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study investigated whether autistic adults report different levels of mental imagery vividness than non-autistic adults, and, moreover, if autism is associated with aphantasia which is defined as a condition of reduced or absent voluntary imagery.</p></div><div><h3>Design and Methods</h3><p>Clinically diagnosed and self-identifying autistic participants were compared with non-autistic participants in their mental imagery vividness (vision, sound, smell, taste, touch, bodily sensation and emotional feeling) and autistic traits using an online survey (<em>N</em> = 121).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The autistic group scored significantly lower than the non-autistic group on imagery vividness (d = −0.44), in addition to having a higher proportion of participants scoring at cut-off for aphantasia. Moreover, a similar difference was observed for the emotional feel (η² = 0.11).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The vividness of visual and emotional mental imagery was on average lower for autistic individuals, with a higher proportion presenting at cut-off to be considered an aphantasic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810024001168/pdfft?md5=28bd804f4f8798641c9a3f9fe02f528b&pid=1-s2.0-S1053810024001168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142146857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commonsense morality and the bearable automaticity of being","authors":"Samuel Murray ,&nbsp;Thomas Nadelhoffer","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some research suggests that moral behavior can be strongly influenced by trivial features of the environment of which we are completely unaware. Philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists have argued that these findings undermine our commonsense notions of agency and responsibility, both of which emphasize the role of practical reasoning and conscious deliberation in action. We present the results of four vignette-based studies (<em>N</em>=1,437) designed to investigate how people think about the metaphysical and moral implications of scientific findings that reveal our susceptibility to automaticity and situational influences. When presented with lightly fictionalized narratives about these findings, participants exhibit no tendency toward changing judgments of freedom and responsibility compared to control groups. This suggests that people seem unwilling to adopt skeptical attitudes about agency on the basis of these scientific findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"125 ","pages":"Article 103748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous tracking of effort and confidence while listening to speech-in-noise in young and older adults","authors":"Chiara Valzolgher ,&nbsp;Alessandra Federici ,&nbsp;Elena Giovanelli ,&nbsp;Elena Gessa ,&nbsp;Davide Bottari ,&nbsp;Francesco Pavani","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reporting discomfort when noise affects listening experience suggests that listeners may be aware, at least to some extent, of adverse environmental conditions and their impact on listening experience. This involves monitoring internal states (effort and confidence). Here we quantified continuous self-report indices that track one’s own internal states and investigated age-related differences in this ability. We instructed two groups of young and older adults to continuously report their confidence and effort while listening to stories in fluctuating noise. Using cross-correlation analyses between the time series of fluctuating noise and those of perceived effort or confidence, we showed that (1) participants modified their assessment of effort and confidence based on variations in the noise, with a 4 s lag; (2) there were no differences between the groups. These findings imply extending this method to other areas, expanding the definition of metacognition, and highlighting the value of this ability for older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810024001144/pdfft?md5=2065bfdef00b0454113f75fa1ee4d1f9&pid=1-s2.0-S1053810024001144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142099265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical effort modulates perceptual awareness judgment independent of level of processing","authors":"Shiming Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Cheng ,&nbsp;Zelin Cheng ,&nbsp;Jinjing Cao ,&nbsp;Zhao Fan ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent studies have emphasized the association between action and perceptual awareness, suggesting that action-related information can contribute to perceptual awareness. Given that the Level of Processing (LoP) hypothesis proposes that the emergence of awareness depends on the level of stimulus processing, the current study examines whether action impacts perceptual awareness across different processing levels. In Experiment 1, participants identified target stimuli’s color (low-level task) or category (high-level task) via mouse clicks, followed by visual awareness ratings. Experiment 2 replicated the tasks using hand-grip dynamometers. Results from Experiment 1 support the LoP theory, showing a more gradual emergence of awareness for low-level features and a more dichotomous emergence for high-level features. In Experiment 2, higher reported visual awareness ratings were observed at greater physical effort, regardless of task type. These results suggest that action-related information influences reported awareness of stimuli in the same way at low- and high-level stimulus processing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103746"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of spontaneous thoughts: Exploration, attentional profile and the segmentation of the stream of thoughts","authors":"Adrien Kérébel ,&nbsp;Jacques-Antoine Caille ,&nbsp;Jérôme Sackur","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For a long time, clinical knowledge and first-person reports have pointed to individual differences in the dynamics of spontaneous thoughts, in particular in the extreme case of psychiatric conditions (e.g. racing thoughts in Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD; rumination in depression). We used a novel procedure to investigate this individual variability by combining verbal fluency tasks and introspective reports of thought content. Our goal was twofold. First, we tested the hypothesis that a greater segmentation of the stream of thoughts would be associated with trait inattention, in line with subjective reports of ADHD patients. Second, we tested whether the segmentation of the stream of thoughts increased with an increased tendency for exploratory behavior, following recent theoretical claims on the mechanisms underpinning the generation of spontaneous thoughts. Our results support both hypotheses, shedding light on the factors contributing to the individual variability in the dynamics of the stream of thought.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810024001028/pdfft?md5=8844461dfebfbe6dd6864b069f621d0d&pid=1-s2.0-S1053810024001028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142037708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metacognition bridges experiences and beliefs in sense of agency","authors":"John P. Veillette,&nbsp;Letitia Ho,&nbsp;Howard C. Nusbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive scientists differentiate the “minimal self” – subjective experiences of agency and ownership in our sensorimotor interactions with the world – from declarative beliefs about the self that are sustained over time. However, it remains an open question how individual sensory experiences of agency are integrated into the belief of<!--> <em>being an agent.</em> <!-->We administered a sensorimotor task to measure subjects’ (<em>n</em> = 195) propensity to classify stimuli as self-caused and metacognitive monitoring of such judgements, and we compared these behavioral metrics to declarative beliefs about their agency. Subjects who were less sensitive to control cues also reported more negative agency beliefs, though positive beliefs were not clearly correlated with any sensorimotor measure. Importantly, this relationship between first-order sensitivity and declarative beliefs essentially disappears when controlling for metacognitive sensitivity. Results suggest agency beliefs are not related directly to the propensity to make positive agency judgements but are connected through introspective access.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the explanatory power of the Conscious Turing Machine","authors":"Asger Kirkeby-Hinrup ,&nbsp;Jakob Stenseke ,&nbsp;Morten S. Overgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent “Conscious Turing Machine” (CTM) proposal offered by Manuel and Lenore Blum aims to define and explore consciousness, contribute to the solution of the hard problem, and demonstrate the value of theoretical computer science with respect to the study of consciousness. Surprisingly, given the ambitiousness and novelty of the proposal (and the prominence of its creators), CTM has received relatively little attention. We here seek to remedy this by offering an exhaustive evaluation of CTM. Our evaluation considers the explanatory power of CTM in three different domains of interdisciplinary consciousness studies: the philosophy of mind, cognitive neuroscience, and computation. Based on our evaluation in each of the target domains, at present, any claim that CTM constitutes progress is premature. Nevertheless, the model has potential, and we highlight several possible avenues of future research which proponents of the model may pursue in its development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381002400103X/pdfft?md5=d223b09af4dc042dd9ecb51724844f01&pid=1-s2.0-S105381002400103X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142007108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Veto paradigm to investigate the decision models in explaining Libet-style experiments","authors":"Yu Hei Shum ,&nbsp;Carl Michael Galang ,&nbsp;Marcel Brass","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2024.103732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The question of whether free will exists or not has intrigued philosophers for centuries. About 40 years ago, cognitive neuroscientists such as Benjamin Libet have joined the discussion by demonstrating that an ERP component, the readiness potential (RP), precedes the reported time of decision to act by a few hundred milliseconds. <span><span>Libet et al. (1983)</span></span> argued that our brains unconsciously prepare the movement before we experience any conscious intention, which led some free will skeptics (e.g., <span><span>Ebert &amp; Wegner, 2011</span></span>) to argue that free will does not exist. While Libet’s interpretation of his findings initiated an intense philosophical debate, alternative interpretations have been put forward more recently (<span><span>Bode et al., 2014</span></span>, <span><span>Brass et al., 2019</span></span>, <span><span>Schurger et al., 2012</span></span>, <span><span>Schurger et al., 2021</span></span>). Integration to bound models (ITB) of Libet-style experiments suggest that we accumulate information until an intention threshold is reached, which triggers our experience of intention and execution of voluntary behaviors. The RP, from this perspective reflects the decision process itself rather than the consequence of an unconscious decision. To determine if the ITB model better predicts behavioral patterns in Libet-style experiments, we added a whether-component to the classical Libet task (the Veto Libet task) and compared the behavioral measures in the Veto Libet task with the Classical Libet task. We hypothesized that the signal accumulation in the Veto Libet task would be less steep than in the Classical Libet task, resulting in longer wait times and earlier self-reported intentions to act (i.e., the W). The result in general supported our hypotheses. In addition, these behavioral differences between the Classical Libet task and the Veto Libet task established valuable behavioral correlates for future investigations into the vetoing phenomenon. Finally, this study was also the first application of the Libet task in an online setting, and the behavioral parameters were highly comparable to the previous offline studies, further supporting the possibility of using the online platform to study arbitrary decision-making.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 103732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810024000990/pdfft?md5=0ad810735a2b896e0ec48d7d7debfa2f&pid=1-s2.0-S1053810024000990-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141991005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}