Consciousness and Cognition最新文献

{"title":"In the hands of metacontrast: Investigating the dual-task structure of an unconscious priming paradigm","authors":"Charlott Wendt,&nbsp;Guido Hesselmann","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our study investigated unconscious priming from a dual-task perspective by means of a metacontrast masking paradigm with trial-by-trial assessments of prime visibility. Participants responded to target stimuli via keypress. In the prime-related direct task, they responded via vocal response (cross-modal) or keypress (unimodal), using either high (four-item) or low (two-item) complexity subjective or objective visibility measures, and responded with either one or two hands. We tested how these manipulations affect response times (RTs) and error rates. In two out of three experiments, participants were unaware of the prime at the shortest stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA), with visibility measures increasing at longer SOAs. RTs were consistently longer in dual-task than single-task conditions. Priming effects were comparable across task types in Experiments 1 and 2, but larger in dual-task conditions in Experiment 3, likely due to increased prime visibility. RTs were also prolonged in unimodal and high-complexity conditions, while two-hands responses led to faster RTs. Priming effects were larger in unimodal conditions, but unaffected by complexity. Hand usage did not affect priming in Experiment 2, but in Experiment 3 where two-hands responses led to increased priming effects. Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of task characteristics like modality, hand usage and complexity in the design of masked priming experiments. We recommend careful consideration of these factors when employing unconscious priming paradigms with trial-by-trial prime visibility judgments, as such paradigms continue to advance our understanding of unconscious cognitive processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fixation shifts in a novel “no-report” binocular rivalry paradigm induce saccade-related perceptual switches","authors":"Ege Kingir ,&nbsp;Ryo Segawa ,&nbsp;Janis K. Hesse ,&nbsp;Igor Kagan ,&nbsp;Melanie Wilke","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No-report paradigms help to avoid report-related confounds in conscious perception studies. A novel no-report binocular rivalry paradigm by Hesse and Tsao (2020) tracks conscious content using eye position as subjects follow fixation points linked to the rivaling stimuli. However, it remains unclear whether perceptual switches arise spontaneously or are induced by external factors such as visual transients due to fixation point shifts and saccades. We found an increased probability of perceptual switches time-locked to fixation point shifts, indicating that some switches are externally driven. To disentangle the effects of visual changes and saccades, we implemented a two-factorial design and found that saccades play a larger role in eliciting perceptual switches. We estimate that 14% of saccades trigger a switch, accounting for 24% of all perceptual transitions. Our findings provide an analysis framework and guidelines for excluding externally driven perceptual switches, enabling a clearer focus on internally generated perceptual dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dreaming is a conscious experience in its own right: proponents of non-cognitive and non-executive theories of dreaming suffer from a retrospective illusion of their waking extended self","authors":"Ludwig Crespin","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To many influential dream researchers, dreaming consciousness is not of the same kind as waking. In its most radical and paradoxical form, this theoretical stance consists in maintaining that dream is a case of conscious experience lacking cognitive access. In a more moderate and common form, dreamers have cognitive access to their oneiric experience but lack any executive function: they have no conscious control over their thoughts and actions within the dream. Consideration of dreaming consciousness, in other words, would imply the loss of self-regulation. Neither of these two theories holds. First, because the very reason showing dreams are consciously experienced, i.e. the fact we can recollect them on awakening, implies they are access conscious in the minimal sense that the dreamer noticed them. Second, because, consistent with this first evidence, dream reports also indicate dreamers are able to rationally assess their situation within the dream and self-regulate their dream behavior as a result. I argue, however, that dreamers have reduced, if altered, extended consciousness with limited access to their waking autobiographical self, and that this could explain why many researchers have the retrospective illusion that the dream ego has no rational control over its thoughts and actions in the dream. Indeed, it is not the same autobiographical self that regulates and recollects the dream. Finally, the fact that a dream takes place in the particular conditions of a sleeping brain should not prevent us from recognizing that it is a conscious experience in its own right.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aphantasia does not affect veridical and false memory: Evidence from the DRM paradigm","authors":"Kata Pauly-Takacs ,&nbsp;Saeed Younus ,&nbsp;Natasha Sigala ,&nbsp;Gaby Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aphantasia is defined as the reduced capacity to form mental images voluntarily. Previous research provided mixed evidence regarding the effect this individual variation may have on other areas of cognition and different aspects of memory. This study investigated how a reduction in mental imagery affects verbal memory with a specific focus on false memory generation by comparing the performance of aphantasic and non-aphantasic control participants in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Correlational analyses revealed that higher visual imagery ability was weakly associated with better free recall performance but also more extra-list recall intrusions. However, contrary to expectations, the experimental findings demonstrated no differential effect of aphantasia on veridical or false memory in either free recall or recognition suggesting that aphantasia does not protect against verbal false memory generation. Future work should consider the effect of aphantasia on false memory generation using visual variants of the DRM task.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic memory and associative ability as predictors of divergent thinking and visual artistic creativity: An expert-novice comparison","authors":"Jing Teng ,&nbsp;Tuo Liu ,&nbsp;Kelong Lu ,&nbsp;Andrea Hildebrandt ,&nbsp;Ning Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research highlights the importance of semantic memory and associative ability in divergent thinking, yet their roles in visual artistic creativity remain unclear. Using an expert-novice paradigm, this study investigated the predictive roles of semantic memory structure and associative ability in divergent thinking and visual artistic creativity. Design and non-design students completed a semantic distance judgment task, an association chain task, and four creative tasks. Key demographic and baseline variables were recorded to ensure group comparability. Results revealed significant group differences in semantic memory structure and associative ability. Notably, semantic network structure strongly predicted both divergent thinking and visual artistic creativity, with the non-design group showing particularly pronounced effects. Association fluency also predicted different types of creative performances across both groups. These findings extend the associative theory of creativity to visual arts, offering insights into the cognitive foundations of artistic creativity and its implications for art education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 103889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Categorical tonality perception modulates crossmodal correspondences between musical chords and colors","authors":"Sayaka Harashima ,&nbsp;Kazuhiko Yokosawa ,&nbsp;Michiko Asano","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated the influence of categorical perception on crossmodal correspondence by examining whether the chord-color crossmodal mapping differs depending on the degree of categorical perception of musical chords within individuals rather than on their physical properties. The experiment used morphed chords of pure tones graded from minor to major. Participants, who were classified as either categorizers or non-categorizers using chord tonality identification and discrimination tasks, selected a color that they thought matched each chord. The results showed that only categorizers selected similar colors for within-category chord pairs and dissimilar colors for between-category chord pairs. The findings of this study suggest that in crossmodal correspondences, categorizers may organize the relationship between features in a sensory space, and this relationship is isomorphically projected onto the relationship of other associated sensory features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cues for experimenter incompetence influence choice blindness","authors":"Nicolás Marchant ,&nbsp;Gorka Navarrete ,&nbsp;Vincent de Gardelle ,&nbsp;Jaime R. Silva ,&nbsp;Jérôme Sackur ,&nbsp;Gabriel Reyes","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choice blindness refers to a surprising blind spot we have about choices made only seconds ago. After making a choice between two items, observers presented with the unchosen item may fail to report the incongruence, and even provide justifications for a choice they did not make. Here, we show that this effect is modulated by participant’s perception of the reliability of the environment. In three experiments, we introduced cues about the competence or incompetence of experimenters, either during or before the traditional choice blindness phase. When manifest reliability of the experimenter decreased, participants were more likely to report the mismatch between the chosen item and the item presented to them. Our results reinforce the notion that choice blindness is a context-dependent phenomenon, permeable to social cues in the context of psychological experiments. Dataset and the analysis scripts are available at the Open Science Foundation at: <span><span>https://osf.io/ht769/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Judgments of effort and associated cues are influenced by stimulus context","authors":"Michelle Ashburner,&nbsp;Evan F. Risko","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The experience of cognitive effort is ubiquitous as well as influential; however, our understanding of how judgments of effort are influenced by contextual change is currently limited. Recent work has suggested that explicit cue reports immediately after provision of judgments of effort are sensitive to the evaluation context in which the judgment is made (<span><span>Ashburner &amp; Risko, 2022</span></span>). We extend this research here by examining whether a “mixed” vs. “pure” stimulus context (i.e., experience with multiple stimulus types vs. a single stimulus type) would also influence judgments of effort. Furthermore, using explicit cue reports, we investigated whether the cues used to make these judgments were likewise influenced by the stimulus context. Results demonstrated that the pattern of effort judgments and the explicit cue reports changed markedly across stimulus context. Implications of these results in terms of better understanding how individuals make judgments of effort are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prime gesture and motor inhibition: Unveiling the mechanisms of motor interference effects caused by dangerous objects","authors":"Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dangerous objects can inhibit prepared motor actions elicited by prime gestures, resulting in prolonged reaction times—a phenomenon termed the motor interference effect caused by dangerous objects. Previous research has emphasized that motor inhibition requires the affordance activation strength elicited by dangerous targets to exceed an inhibitory threshold. However, existing studies have confounded affordance activation levels with variations in multiple factors, including prime gestures, stimulus sizes, target orientation affordances, and low-level sharp-edge features. These methodological confounding factors have led to ambiguity regarding the necessary conditions for the emergence of motor interference effects. To address this issue, this study conducted five experiments using a prime-target grip congruency judgment task. Experiment 1 controlled for shape and grip-type differences between dangerous and neutral targets. Experiment 2 further matched target sizes in the precision-grip condition to those in the power-grip condition, which eliminated stimulus sizes as a contributing factor for motor interference effects. Experiment 3 manipulated prime gestures while using identical stimuli for power-grip and precision-grip targets (the area of power-grip targets was twice that of precision-grip targets). Results showed that motor interference effects in the power-grip target condition depended on the power-grip prime gesture. To further investigate potential confounds, Experiments 4 and 5 used target stimuli without handle features and manipulated the target grasping experience to exclude the influences of target orientation affordances and low-level sharp-edge features. Taken together, these findings clarify the prerequisite conditions for motor interference effects and enhance our understanding of their underlying motor control mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring motor awareness and metacognition at the start, middle, and end of a reaching movement","authors":"Gabriela Oancea ,&nbsp;Brian Maniscalco ,&nbsp;Megan A.K. Peters ,&nbsp;Craig S. Chapman","doi":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.concog.2025.103878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to monitor our arm position during goal-directed behaviour allows us to bring our limb to a target as accurately as possible. Despite our success in executing accurate movements, some work suggests that individuals have limited access to information about their limb position. However, other evidence from metacognition research indicates that people have some access to details about their movements. In these studies, individuals are asked to rate their confidence after making judgements about their movements and tend to give higher confidence ratings when they are correct, showing some capacity for self-monitoring. These conflicting results suggest that we may not be able to monitor an entire movement from start to end. In the current study, participants (n = 50) made reaching movements toward targets on a screen. They were then visually presented with two movement paths: one being their actual trajectory and the other being a visually deviated version. Here, we manipulated the location that the deviation was implemented (i.e., start, middle, or end of the path). Participants were then asked to determine which trajectory was their own, while also rating their confidence in their response. Overall, accuracy was lower than expected. Nevertheless, accuracy was significantly lower when deviations occurred at the start of the reach, indicating that awareness of limb position is further reduced at the start of a movement. Additionally, participants were able to metacognitively monitor their movements because their confidence scaled with their accuracy in the task. Finally, differences in metacognitive processes between locations were found, with higher average confidence in the middle of a movement when accuracy was held constant. We conclude that people have a remarkable blindness to the properties of their own movements. As well, monitoring of a limb is significantly reduced at the start of a movement suggesting reduced attention to limb position at this time, possibly due to movement programming demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51358,"journal":{"name":"Consciousness and Cognition","volume":"132 ","pages":"Article 103878"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143936283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}