Applied Neuropsychology-Adult最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between neurotransmission-related amino acid blood concentrations and neuropsychological performance following acute exercise.","authors":"Theodore P Parthimos, Kleopatra H Schulpis, Alexandra D Karousi, Yannis L Loukas, Yannis Dotsikas","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2043327","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2043327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amino acid neurotransmitters, including glutamate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, and glycine, underlie the majority of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the nervous system, and acute exercise has been shown to modulate their concentrations. We aimed to determine whether any correlation exists between the above-mentioned amino acid blood concentrations and the neuropsychological performance after an acute exercise intervention. Sixty basketball players were randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions: exercise or inactive resting. All participants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and blood samples were taken on a Guthrie card before and after the end of the experimental conditions. Amino acid blood concentrations were significantly elevated and cognitive performance significantly improved post-exercise on specific neuropsychological assessments. Significant intervention × group interaction effects were apparent for Trail Making Test part-B [F(1,58) = 20.46, <i>p</i> < .0001, <i>η</i>² = .26] and Digit Span Backwards [F(1,58) = 15.47, <i>p</i> < .0001, <i>η</i>² = .21] neuropsychological assessments. Additionally, regression analysis indicated that tyrosine accounted for 38.0% of the variance in the Trail Making Test part-A test. These results suggest that elevated blood concentrations of neurotransmission-related amino acids are associated with improved neuropsychological performance after a single bout of high-intensity exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"1 1","pages":"560-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47567878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring behavioural and cognitive dysexecutive syndrome in patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage.","authors":"Riadh Ouerchefani, Naoufel Ouerchefani, Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb, Didier Le Gall","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2036152","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2036152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study's objectives were to characterize the frequency and profile of behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndromes in patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage and how these syndromes overlap. We also examined the contribution of the prefrontal brain regions to these syndromes. Therefore, thirty patients with prefrontal cortex damage and thirty control subjects were compared on their performances using the GREFEX battery assessing the dysexecutive syndromes. The results showed that combined behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 53.33%, while pure cognitive dysexecutive syndrome was observed in 20% and behavioral in 26.67%. Also, almost all behavioral and cognitive dysexecutive disorders discriminated frontal patients from controls. Moreover, correlations and regression analyses between task scores in both domains of dysexecutive syndromes showed that the spectrum of behavioral disorders was differentially associated with cognitive impairment of initiation, inhibition, generation, deduction, coordination, flexibility and the planning process. Furthermore, the patterns of cognitive and behavioral dysexecutive syndrome were both predictors of impairment in daily living activities and loss of autonomy. Finally, frontal regions contributing to different dysexecutive syndromes assessed by MRI voxel lesion symptom analysis indicate several overlapping regions centered on the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for both domains of dysexecutive syndrome. This study concludes that damage to the frontal structures may lead to a diverse set of changes in both cognitive and behavioral domains which both contribute to loss of autonomy. The association of the ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal regions to both domains of dysexecutive syndrome suggests a higher integrative role of these regions in processing cognition and behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"1 1","pages":"443-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49126901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social cognition in neuropsychology: A nationwide survey revealing current representations and practices.","authors":"François Quesque, Maxime Nivet, Aurore Etchepare, Grégoire Wauquiez, Antoinette Prouteau, Béatrice Desgranges, Maxime Bertoux","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061859","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a key domain of cognition, social cognition abilities are altered in a wide range of clinical groups. Accordingly, many clinical tests and theories of social cognition have been developed these last decades. Contrasting this abundant development from a research perspective, recent evidence suggests that social cognition remains rarely addressed from a clinial perspective. The aim of the present research was to characterize the current practices, representations, and needs linked to social cognition from the perspective of professional neuropsychologists and graduate students. A nationwide survey allowed us to determine the classical field conception of social cognition and its associated symptoms or notions. It also allowed us to quantify practice activities and the use of the different clinical tools available. This study revealed that neuropsychologists lack confidence regarding social cognition assessment and its rehabilitation, and that students are in demand for more knowledge and training. Suggestions of change in practices and dissemination of knowledge are discussed. Considering the importance of social cognition, an extension of initial and continuous training alongside an enrichment of interactions between researchers and clinicians were key recommendations to formulate, as well as the need for a consensual lexicon of current concepts.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"1 1","pages":"689-702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44368595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does brain damage caused by stroke versus trauma have different neuropsychological outcomes? A lesion-matched multiple case study.","authors":"Shana Harris, Mark Bowren, Steven W Anderson, Daniel Tranel","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2033242","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2033242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke both have the potential to cause significant damage to the brain, with resultant neuropsychological impairments. How these different mechanisms of injury influence cognitive and behavioral changes associated with brain damage, however, is not well understood. Moreover, previous research directly comparing TBI and stroke has not accounted carefully for lesion location and size. Here, using a detailed lesion-matching approach that was used previously to compare neuropsychological outcomes in stroke versus tumor, we compared the neuropsychological profiles of 14 patients with focal lesions caused by TBI to those of 27 lesion-matched patients with stroke. Each patient with TBI was matched to two patients with stroke, based on lesion location and size (except 1 TBI case where only 1 stroke match was available). Demographic attributes (age, gender, handedness, education) were also matched in the TBI: stroke triplets, as much as possible. The patients with TBI versus stroke had similar performances across all cognitive and behavioral measures, with no significant or clinically meaningful differences. A supplemental analysis on developmental- versus adult-onset TBI cases (with their respective stroke matches) also yielded non-significant results, with TBI and stroke groups being statistically indistinguishable. Our results suggest that focal lesions caused by TBI versus stroke have similar neuropsychological outcomes in the chronic recovery phase, when location and size of lesion are comparable across TBI versus stroke mechanisms of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"428-442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9631467/pdf/nihms-1843472.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10002184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anxiety level on directed forgetting of emotional information and related metacognitive judgments.","authors":"Canan Pakkan, Simay Ikier, Oya Mortan Sevi","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2044816","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2044816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated intentional forgetting of emotional information in low <i>vs.</i> high anxiety groups, by using a directed forgetting paradigm. The groups were formed based on their scores on measures of state and trait anxiety. Participants were provided with positive, negative, and neutral photographs with either remember or forget instructions and further provided metacognitive judgments of learning for each photograph, indicating how likely they are to recognize the photograph in a subsequent recognition test. In the recognition test, they identified the photographs that they had seen in the learning session, irrespective of instruction. The results showed that directed forgetting was only observed in the high anxiety group. Furthermore, higher anxiety scores negatively correlated with the recognition of negative to-be-forgotten information, indicating that high anxiety is associated with a better ability to forget negative information. Metacognitive judgments showed awareness of the forget instructions and the valence of the photographs, but they were not affected by anxiety level. The results suggest that the effects of anxiety on cognitive control may be different between participants with higher <i>vs.</i> lower anxiety levels in a non-clinical sample. The results are discussed within several theoretical frameworks which claim that anxiety may lead to the inhibition and avoidance of negatively valenced mental content.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":"1 1","pages":"585-594"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42088010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak central coherence in adults with ASD: Evidence from eye-tracking and thematic content analysis of social scenes.","authors":"Susanny Cristini Vercellino Tassini, Mariana Cardoso Melo, Orlando Francisco Amodeo Bueno, Claudia Berlim de Mello","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2060105","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2060105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central Coherence Weakness has been defined as a tendency for local rather than global processing that may underlie core deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In social contexts it may be expressed in difficulties to integrate social cues arising from the recognition of emotions in faces or from the environment in order to understand people's interactions. A sample of 28 adults diagnosed with ASD Level 1 and 25 controls was submitted to a cartoon-like task with the instruction to describe social scenes and to Navon letter stimuli. Both quantitative measures and qualitative (thematic content analysis) procedures were used to assess performance. Heatmap and fixation preferences according to the stimuli quadrants were used to investigate eye-tracking patterns. A tendency to local processing, independently of the stimuli type, in the ASD participants was observed. Data from visual tracking by quadrants and from verbal reports suggest loss of social cues important for understanding context. Their reaction time and response duration were increased in relation to controls. The findings corroborate the idea that weak central coherence may be part of the cognitive phenotype in ASD.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"657-668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of the clinical utility of phonemic fluency in healthy adults and adults with mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Maria Dekhtyar, Janelle T Foret, Sarah Simon, Jason Shumake, Alexandra L Clark, Andreana P Haley","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061860","DOIUrl":"10.1080/23279095.2022.2061860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) is a widely utilized measure of phonemic fluency. However, two issues remain: (1) whether demographic, cognitive variables, or version of test administered predict performance; (2) if the test is predictive of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Recent studies report that item-level analyses such as lexical frequency may be more sensitive to early cognitive change. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical utility of the COWAT, considering both total correct words and the lexical frequency. Sixty-seven healthy adults and thirty-seven adults with MCI completed neuropsychological testing. Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests were used to determine if there was a difference in COWAT performance between groups. Elastic net regression models were used to assess whether variance in total scores/lexical frequencies can be predicted by demographics, test version, or diagnosis; which cognitive tests explained the variance in performance; and how total scores and lexical frequencies compared with other cognitive tests in predicting diagnosis. Overall, individuals with MCI produced fewer and higher frequency words. The variance in total correct words or lexical frequency was not explained by demographics, test version, or diagnosis. Total correct words was a more important predictor of diagnosis than lexical frequency.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"703-711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9352884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Australian National University-Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI).","authors":"Feyza Mutlay, Alev Cam Mahser, Burcu Akpinar Soylemez, Esra Ates Bulut, Kadriye Petek, Mehmet Selman Ontan, Derya Kaya, Seda Guney, Ahmet Turan Isik","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2369657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2369657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is still a requirement for concise, practical scales that can be readily incorporated into everyday schedules and predict the likelihood of dementia onset in individuals without dementia. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the ANU-ADRI (Australian National University Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index)-Short Form in Turkish geriatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This methodological study involved 339 elderly patients attending the geriatric outpatient clinic for various reasons. The known-group validity and divergent validity were assessed. The ANU-ADRI was administered during the baseline test and again within one week for retest purposes. Alongside the ANU-ADRI, all participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including Activities of Daily Living (ADL), mobility assessment (Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) and Timed Up and Go Test), nutritional assessment (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)), and global cognition evaluation (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The scale demonstrated satisfactory linguistic validity. A correlation was observed between the mean scores of the ANU-ADRI test and retest (<i>r</i> = 0.997, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Additionally, there existed a moderate negative linear association between the ANU-ADRI and MMSE scores (<i>r</i> = -0.310, <i>p</i> < 0.001), POMA (<i>r</i> = -0.406, <i>p</i> < 0.001), Basic ADL (<i>r</i> = -0.359, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and Instrumental ADL (<i>r</i> = -0.294, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Moreover, a moderate positive linear association was found between the ANU-ADRI and the Timed Up and Go Test duration (<i>r</i> = 0.538, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ANU-ADRI-Short Form was proved as a valuable tool for clinical practice, facilitating the assessment of Alzheimer's disease risk within the Turkish geriatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The classification accuracy of Warrington's recognition memory test (words) as a performance validity Test in a neurorehabilitation setting.","authors":"Jenna Parsons, Nelson B Rodrigues, Laszlo A Erdodi","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2337130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2337130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to evaluate the classification accuracy of the Warrington's Recognition Memory Test (RMT) in 167 patients (97 or 58.1% men; <i>M</i>_Age = 40.4; <i>M</i>_Education= 13.8) medically referred for neuropsychological evaluation against five psychometrically defined criterion groups. At the optimal cutoff (≤42), the RMT produced an acceptable combination of sensitivity (.36-.60) and specificity (.85-.95), correctly classifying 68.4-83.3% of the sample. Making the cutoff more conservative (≤41) improved specificity (.88-.95) at the expense of sensitivity (.30-.60). Lowering the cutoff to ≤40 achieved uniformly high specificity (.91-.95) but diminished sensitivity (.27-.48). RMT scores were unrelated to lateral dominance, education, or gender. The RMT was sensitive to a three-way classification of performance validity (<i>Pass/Borderline/Fail</i>), further demonstrating its discriminant power. Despite a notable decline in research studies focused on its classification accuracy within the last decade, the RMT remains an effective free-standing PVT that is robust to demographic variables. Relatively low sensitivity is its main liability. Further research is needed on its cross-cultural validity (sensitivity to limited English proficiency).</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activities of Daily Living Inventory (ADLI): Proposal of a new instrument and preliminary data.","authors":"Joana O Pinto, Diogo Pontes, Artemisa R Dores, Bruno Peixoto, Fernando Barbosa","doi":"10.1080/23279095.2024.2367741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2024.2367741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evaluation of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) has become a critical issue in neuropsychology, but existing instruments for evaluating ADL have some limitations. This work aims to propose a new instrument to evaluate ADL, the ADL Inventory (ADLI), for which we present preliminary data.</p><p><p>The ADLI was developed based on a comprehensive model of the stages of test development and following a combined framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health and the American Occupational Therapy Association models.</p><p><p>Besides sociodemographic information, ADLI includes 144 items, organized into four sections: (a) basic ADL; (b) IADL; (c) advanced ADL; and (d) factors influencing functionality. The main characteristics of ADLI are: having self- and informant-report forms; including items focused on different sensory and neurocognitive functions; individualizing the progression along items considering the person's functionality; considering the impact of several factors on functionality; and using a large response scale. Preliminary data of predictive and convergent validity for ADLI are presented. The preliminary study comprised 15 older adults. The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - III, the Barthel Index, and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale were applied to determine the predictive and convergent validity of ADLI.</p>","PeriodicalId":51308,"journal":{"name":"Applied Neuropsychology-Adult","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141447567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}