Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing Physiologic Swallowing Impairment Profiles: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study of Head and Neck Cancer, Stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Dementia, and Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Alex E Clain, Noelle Samia, Kate Davidson, Bonnie Martin-Harris","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00091","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the present study was to use a large swallowing database to explore and compare the swallow-physiology impairment profiles of five dysphagia-associated diagnoses: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, head and neck cancer (HNC), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 8,190 patients across five diagnoses were extracted from a de-identified swallowing database, that is, the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Swallowing Data Registry, for the present exploratory cross-sectional analysis. To identify the impairment profiles of the five diagnoses, we fit 18 partial proportional odds models, one for each of the 17 Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile components and the Penetration-Aspiration Scale, with impairment score as the dependent variable and diagnoses, age, sex, and race as the independent variables with interactions between age and diagnoses and between PD and dementia (in effect creating a PD with dementia [PDwDem] group). For components with > 5% missingness, we applied inverse probability weighting to correct for bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD and COPD did not significantly differ on 13 of the 18 outcome variables (all <i>p</i>s > .02). Dementia, stroke, and PDwDem all showed worse impairments than COPD or PD on five of six oral components (all <i>p</i>s < .007). HNC had worse impairment than all diagnoses except PDwDem for nine of 10 pharyngeal components (all <i>p</i>s < .006). Stroke and HNC had worse penetration/aspiration than all other diagnoses (all <i>p</i>s < .003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present results show that there are both common and differing impairment profiles among these five diagnoses. These commonalities and differences in profiles provide a basis for the generation of hypotheses about the nature and severity of dysphagia in these populations. These results are also likely highly generalizable given the size and representativeness of the data set.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27478245.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4689-4713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11667003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Executive Function Associations With Audibility-Adjusted Speech Perception in Noise.","authors":"Mark A Eckert, Lois J Matthews, Kenneth I Vaden, Judy R Dubno","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00333","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech recognition in noise is challenging for listeners and appears to require support from executive functions to focus attention on rapidly unfolding target speech, track misunderstanding, and sustain attention. The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that lower executive function abilities explain poorer speech recognition in noise, including among older participants with hearing loss who often exhibit diminished speech recognition in noise and cognitive abilities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional sample of 400 younger-to-older adult participants (19 to < 90 years of age) from the community-based Medical University of South CarolinaLongitudinal Cohort Study of Age-related Hearing Loss were administered tasks with executive control demands to assess individual variability in a card-sorting measure of set-shifting/performance monitoring, a dichotic listening measure of selective attention/working memory, sustained attention, and processing speed. Key word recognition in the high- and low-context speech perception-in-noise (SPIN) tests provided measures of speech recognition in noise. The SPIN scores were adjusted for audibility using the Articulation Index to characterize the impact of varied hearing sensitivity unrelated to reduced audibility on cognitive and speech recognition associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Set-shifting, dichotic listening, and processing speed each explained unique and significant variance in audibility-adjusted, low-context SPIN scores (<i>p</i>s < .001), including after controlling for age, pure-tone threshold average (PTA), sex, and education level. The dichotic listening and processing speed effect sizes were significantly diminished when controlling for PTA, indicating that participants with poorer hearing sensitivity were also likely to have lower executive function and lower audibility-adjusted speech recognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor set-shifting/performance monitoring, slow processing speed, and poor selective attention/working memory appeared to partially explain difficulties with speech recognition in noise after accounting for audibility. These results are consistent with the premise that distinct executive functions support speech recognition in noise.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4811-4828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11666980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142548770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurately Identifying Language Disorder in School-Age Children Using Dynamic Assessment of Narrative Language.","authors":"Douglas B Petersen, Alisa Konishi-Therkildsen, Kallie Dawn Clark, Anahi Kamila DeRobles, Ashley Elizabeth Frahm, Kristi Jones, Camryn Lettich, Trina D Spencer","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00594","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Several studies have demonstrated that dynamic assessment can be a less biased, valid approach for the identification of language disorder among diverse school-age children. However, all prior studies have included a relatively small number of participants, which is generally not adequate for psychometric research. This is the first large-scale study to (a) examine whether a dynamic assessment of narrative language yields indifferent outcomes regardless of several demographic variables including age, race/ethnicity, multilingualism, or gender; (b) examine the sensitivity and specificity of the dynamic assessment of language among a large sample of students with and without language disorder; and (c) identify specific cut-points by grade to provide clinically useful data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 634 diverse first- through fifth-grade students with and without language learning disorder. Students were confirmed as having a language disorder using a triangulation technique involving several sources of data. A dynamic assessment of narrative language, which took approximately 10 min, was administered to all students.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated that the dynamic assessment had excellent (> 90%) sensitivity and specificity and that modifiability scores were not meaningfully different across any of the demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dynamic assessment of narrative language accurately identified language disorder across all student demographic groups. These findings suggest that dynamic assessment may provide less biased classification than traditional, static forms of assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4765-4782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Verb Inflectional Complexity in Palestinian Arabic.","authors":"Roni Henkin-Roitfarb, Sigal Uziel, Rozana Ishaq","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study describes the development of verb inflectional morphology in an urban dialect of Palestinian Arabic (PA) spoken in northern Israel, specifically in the city of Haifa, and explores the effect of language typology on acquisition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We analyzed naturalistic longitudinal speech samples from one monolingual Arabic-speaking girl aged 1;11-2;3 during spontaneous interactions with family members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initially, truncated forms (\"bare stems\") were common but disappeared by the end of the study. By age 1;11, the girl was in the proto-morphological stage, displaying clear three-member mini-paradigms. Affixation complexity gradually increased, with adjacent and obligatory suffixes acquired before distant and optional prefixes. The early acquisition of indicative prefixes (<i>b-</i>, <i>m-</i>) preceded the later emergence of complex proclitics (e.g., volitive <i>d-</i>, progressive <i>ʕam</i>), suggesting gradual, systematic morphological acquisition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose three principles for the development of PA verb inflection: (a) Adjacency: Affixes adjacent to the base are acquired first. (b) R-salience: Suffixes are acquired earlier than prefixes. (c) Obligatoriness: Obligatory morphemes precede optional ones. These principles predict the girl's morphological development and reflect sensitivity to PA's richly inflecting typology. This study highlights the need for detailed descriptive research that is essential for understanding language acquisition processes and informing assessment tools, intervention programs, and educational curricula for PA-speaking children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Tracking of Speech Is Reduced in Adults Who Stutter When Listening for Speaking.","authors":"Simone Gastaldon, Pierpaolo Busan, Nicola Molinaro, Mikel Lizarazu","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00227","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate cortical tracking of speech (CTS) in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to typically fluent adults (TFAs) to test the involvement of the speech-motor network in tracking rhythmic speech information.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants' electroencephalogram was recorded while they simply listened to sentences (listening only) or completed them by naming a picture (listening for speaking), thus manipulating the upcoming involvement of speech production. We analyzed speech-brain coherence and brain connectivity during listening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the listening-for-speaking task, AWS exhibited reduced CTS in the 3- to 5-Hz range (theta), corresponding to the syllabic rhythm. The effect was localized in the left inferior parietal and right pre/supplementary motor regions. Connectivity analyses revealed that TFAs had stronger information transfer in the theta range in both tasks in fronto-temporo-parietal regions. When considering the whole sample of participants, increased connectivity from the right superior temporal cortex to the left sensorimotor cortex was correlated with faster naming times in the listening-for-speaking task.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Atypical speech-motor functioning in stuttering impacts speech perception, especially in situations requiring articulatory alertness. The involvement of frontal and (pre)motor regions in CTS in TFAs is highlighted. Further investigation is needed into speech perception in individuals with speech-motor deficits, especially when smooth transitioning between listening and speaking is required, such as in real-life conversational settings.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27234885.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4339-4357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing Impairment: Reduced Pupil Dilation Response and Frontal Activation During Degraded Speech Perception.","authors":"Adriana A Zekveld, Sophia E Kramer, Dirk J Heslenfeld, Niek J Versfeld, Chris Vriend","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00017","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>A relevant aspect of listening is the effort required during speech processing, which can be assessed by pupillometry. Here, we assessed the pupil dilation response of normal-hearing (NH) and hard of hearing (HH) individuals during listening to clear sentences and masked or degraded sentences. We combined this assessment with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural correlates of the pupil dilation response.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventeen NH participants (<i>M</i>_age = 46 years) were compared to 17 HH participants (<i>M</i>_age = 45 years) who were individually matched in age and educational level. Participants repeated sentences that were presented clearly, that were distorted, or that were masked. The sentence intelligibility level of masked and distorted sentences was 50% correct. Silent baseline trials were presented as well. Performance measures, pupil dilation responses, and fMRI data were acquired.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HH individuals had overall poorer speech reception than the NH participants, but not for noise-vocoded speech. In addition, an interaction effect was observed with smaller pupil dilation responses in HH than in NH listeners for the degraded speech conditions. Hearing impairment was associated with higher activation across conditions in the left superior temporal gyrus, as compared to the silent baseline. However, the region of interest analysis indicated lower activation during degraded speech relative to clear speech in bilateral frontal regions and the insular cortex, for HH compared to NH listeners. Hearing impairment was also associated with a weaker relation between the pupil response and activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Overall, degraded speech evoked higher frontal activation than clear speech.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Brain areas associated with attentional and cognitive-control processes may be increasingly recruited when speech is degraded and are related to the pupil dilation response, but this relationship is weaker in HH listeners.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27162135.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4549-4566"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FluencyBank Timestamped: An Updated Data Set for Disfluency Detection and Automatic Intended Speech Recognition.","authors":"Amrit Romana, Minxue Niu, Matthew Perez, Emily Mower Provost","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00070","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This work introduces updated transcripts, disfluency annotations, and word timings for FluencyBank, which we refer to as FluencyBank Timestamped. This data set will enable the thorough analysis of how speech processing models (such as speech recognition and disfluency detection models) perform when evaluated with typical speech versus speech from people who stutter (PWS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We update the FluencyBank data set, which includes audio recordings from adults who stutter, to explore the robustness of speech processing models. Our update (semi-automated with manual review) includes new transcripts with timestamps and disfluency labels corresponding to each token in the transcript. Our disfluency labels capture typical disfluencies (filled pauses, repetitions, revisions, and partial words), and we explore how speech model performance compares for Switchboard (typical speech) and FluencyBank Timestamped. We present benchmarks for three speech tasks: intended speech recognition, text-based disfluency detection, and audio-based disfluency detection. For the first task, we evaluate how well Whisper performs for intended speech recognition (i.e., transcribing speech without disfluencies). For the next tasks, we evaluate how well a Bidirectional Embedding Representations from Transformers (BERT) text-based model and a Whisper audio-based model perform for disfluency detection. We select these models, BERT and Whisper, as they have shown high accuracies on a broad range of tasks in their language and audio domains, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the transcription task, we calculate an intended speech word error rate (isWER) between the model's output and the speaker's intended speech (i.e., speech without disfluencies). We find isWER is comparable between Switchboard and FluencyBank Timestamped, but that Whisper transcribes filled pauses and partial words at higher rates in the latter data set. Within FluencyBank Timestamped, isWER increases with stuttering severity. For the disfluency detection tasks, we find the models detect filled pauses, revisions, and partial words relatively well in FluencyBank Timestamped, but performance drops substantially for repetitions because the models are unable to generalize to the different types of repetitions (e.g., multiple repetitions and sound repetitions) from PWS. We hope that FluencyBank Timestamped will allow researchers to explore closing performance gaps between typical speech and speech from PWS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our analysis shows that there are gaps in speech recognition and disfluency detection performance between typical speech and speech from PWS. We hope that FluencyBank Timestamped will contribute to more advancements in training robust speech processing models.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4203-4215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imitation of Multisyllabic Items by Children With Developmental Language Disorder: Evidence for Word-Level Atypical Speech Envelope and Pitch Contours.","authors":"Lyla Parvez, Mahmoud Keshavarzi, Susan Richards, Giovanni M Di Liberto, Usha Goswami","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00031","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a multifaceted disorder. Recently, interest has grown in prosodic aspects of DLD, but most investigations of possible prosodic causes focus on speech perception tasks. Here, we focus on speech production from a speech amplitude envelope (AE) perspective. Perceptual studies have indicated a role for difficulties in AE processing in DLD related to sensory/neural processing of prosody. We explore possible matching AE difficulties in production.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-seven children with and without DLD completed a computerized imitation task, copying aloud 30 familiar targets such as \"alligator.\" Children with DLD (<i>n</i> = 20) were compared with typically developing children (age-matched controls [AMC], <i>n</i> = 21) and younger language controls (YLC, <i>n</i> = 16). Similarity of the child's productions to the target in terms of the continuous AE and pitch contour was computed using two similarity metrics, correlation, and mutual information. Both the speech AE and the pitch contour contain important information about stress patterning and intonational information over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with DLD showed significantly reduced imitation for both the AE and pitch contour metrics compared to AMC children. The opportunity to repeat the targets had no impact on performance for any group. Word length effects were similar across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The spoken production of multisyllabic words by children with DLD is atypical regarding both the AE and the pitch contour. This is consistent with a theoretical explanation of DLD based on impaired sensory/neural processing of low-frequency (slow) amplitude and frequency modulations, as predicted by the temporal sampling theory.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27165690.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4288-4303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Articulatory Analysis of American English Rhotics in Children With and Without a History of Residual Speech Sound Disorder.","authors":"Amanda Eads, Heather Kabakoff, Hannah King, Jonathan L Preston, Tara McAllister","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00037","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated articulatory patterns for American English /ɹ/ in children with and without a history of residual speech sound disorder (RSSD). It was hypothesized that children without RSSD would favor bunched tongue shapes, similar to American adults reported in previous literature. Based on clinical cueing practices, it was hypothesized that children with RSSD might produce retroflex tongue shape patterns at a higher relative rate. Finally, it was hypothesized that, among children who use a mixture of bunched and retroflex shapes, phonetic context would impact tongue shape as reported in the adult literature.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>These hypotheses were tested using ultrasound data from a stimulability task eliciting /ɹ/ in syllabic, postvocalic, and onset contexts. Participants were two groups of children/adolescents aged 9-15 years: 36 with RSSD who completed a study of ultrasound biofeedback treatment and 33 with no history of RSSD. Tongue shapes were qualitatively coded as bunched or retroflex using a flowchart from previous research.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with no history of RSSD were found to use bunched-only tongue shape patterns at a rate higher than adults, but those who used a mixture of shapes for /ɹ/ followed the expected phonetic contextual patterning. Children with RSSD were found to use retroflex-only patterns at a substantially higher rate than adults, and those using a mixture of shapes did not exhibit the expected patterning by phonetic context.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that clients receiving ultrasound biofeedback treatment for /ɹ/ may be most responsive to clinician cueing of retroflex shapes, at least early on. However, retroflex-only cueing may be a limiting and insufficient strategy, particularly in light of our finding of a lack of typical variation across phonetic contexts in children with remediated /ɹ/. Future research should more specifically track cueing strategies to better understand the relationship between clinician cues, tongue shapes, and generalization across a range of contexts.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26801050.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4246-4263"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11567108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sharing Stories Versus Explaining Facts: Comparing African American Children's Microstructure Performance Across Fictional Narrative, Informational, and Procedural Discourse.","authors":"Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Dulce Lopez Alvarez","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00579","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Both fictional oral narrative and expository oral discourse skills are critical language competencies that support children's academic success. Few studies, however, have examined African American children's microstructure performance across these genres. To address this gap in the literature, the study compared African American children's microstructure productivity and complexity across three discourse contexts: fictional narratives, informational discourse, and procedural discourse. The study also examined whether there were age-related differences in microstructure performance by discourse type.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 130 typically developing African American children, aged 59-95 months old, enrolled in kindergarten through second grades in a Midwestern U.S. public school district. Wordless children's books were used to elicit fictional narratives, informational, and procedural discourse. Indicators of microstructure performance included measures of productivity (i.e., number of total words and number of different words) and complexity (i.e., mean length of communication unit and complex syntax rate). The effects of genre and age on microstructure performance were assessed using linear mixed-effects regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children produced longer discourse and used a greater diversity of words for their fictional stories compared to their informational or procedural discourse. Grammatical complexity was greater for fictional narratives and procedural discourse than informational discourse. Results showed greater productivity and complexity among older children compared to younger children, particularly for fictional and informational discourse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>African American children exhibit variation in their microstructure performance by discourse context and age. Understanding this variation is key to providing African American children with support to maximize their oral language competencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"4431-4445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}