Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Disease-Specific Speech Movement Characteristics of the Tongue and Jaw.","authors":"Claudia Raines, Antje Mefferd","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To advance our understanding of disease-specific articulatory impairment patterns in speakers with dysarthria, this study investigated the articulatory performance of the tongue and jaw in speakers with differing neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease [PD], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-seven speakers with dysarthria and 30 controls produced the sentence \"Buy Kaia a kite\" five times. A three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography was used to record the articulatory movements of the posterior tongue and jaw. Sentence-length kinematic measures (e.g., duration, tongue range of motion [ROM], jaw ROM, tongue speed, jaw speed) were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed significant group effects for the duration, jaw ROM, and tongue speed but not for tongue ROM. Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed more significant between-groups differences for duration and jaw ROM than for tongue speed. Statistically significant findings between clinical groups were predominantly driven by the difference between speakers with PD and speakers of other clinical groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced jaw ROM and trends toward reduced tongue ROM confirm hypokinesia as a distinguishing motor feature of speakers with PD. However, deviancies in speed or movement duration did not emerge as a distinguishing motor feature for any of the four studied clinical groups. Nevertheless, movement duration, but not movement speed, may be useful to index dysarthria severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Kinematics and Perioral Muscle Activity Are Influenced by Stroop Effects.","authors":"Zoe Kriegel, Adam M Fullenkamp, Jason A Whitfield","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current project aimed to examine the effects of two experimental cognitive-linguistic paradigms, the Stroop task and a primed Stroop task, on speech kinematics and perioral muscle activation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Acoustic, kinematic, and surface electromyographic data were collected from the verbal responses of 30 young adult healthy control participants in choice response, classic Stroop, and primed Stroop tasks. The classic and primed Stroop tasks included congruent and incongruent trials. Across all three tasks, the set of possible responses was limited to the same three possible color words (red, green, and black) to facilitate performance comparisons between tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trials with ink-word incongruence in the Stroop tasks resulted in significantly higher muscle activation in the upper lip during response selection. In addition, a prime word within the Stroop task resulted in more spatial variation in lip + jaw movements for the spoken responses. These results were accompanied by the expected longer response times for incongruent trials in both classic and primed Stroop tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings may suggest that more central cognitive-linguistic interference processes may lead to inefficiencies in more peripheral speech motor control. Future research should investigate the pattern of these effects in older adults with and without motor speech disorders for research and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflicting Evidence for a Motor Timing Theory of Stuttering: Choral Speech Changes the Rhythm of Both Neurotypical and Stuttering Talkers, but in Opposite Directions.","authors":"Sophie Meekings, Lotte Eijk, Stefany Stankova, Santosh Maruthy, Sophie Kerttu Scott","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Talking in unison with a partner, otherwise known as choral speech, reliably induces fluency in people who stutter (PWS). This effect may arise because choral speech addresses a hypothesized motor timing deficit by giving PWS an external rhythm to align with and scaffold their utterances onto. This study tested this theory by comparing the choral speech rhythm of people who do and do not stutter to assess whether both groups change their rhythm in similar ways when talking chorally.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty adults who stutter and 20 neurotypical controls read a passage on their own and then a second passage chorally with a neurotypical partner. Their speech rhythm was evaluated using Envelope Modulation Spectrum (EMS) analysis to derive peak frequency, a measure of the dominant rate of modulation in the sound envelope, as well as peak amplitude (the amplitude of the peak frequency), across several octave bands associated with different features of speech.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two groups displayed opposing patterns of rhythmic change during choral reading. People with a stutter increased their EMS peak frequency when they read chorally, while neurotypical talkers' choral speech was characterized by reduced peak frequency compared to solo reading.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings show that the choral speech rhythm of PWS differs from that of neurotypical talkers. This indicates limited support for the hypothesis that choral speech addresses a motor timing deficit by giving PWS a rhythmic cue with which to align.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Predictors of Perception and Adaption to Dysarthric Speech in Older Adults.","authors":"Kaitlin L Lansford, Micah E Hirsch, Tyson S Barrett, Stephanie A Borrie","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In effortful listening conditions, speech perception and adaptation abilities are constrained by aging and often linked to age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline. Given that older adults are frequent communication partners of individuals with dysarthria, the current study examines cognitive-linguistic and hearing predictors of dysarthric speech perception and adaptation in older listeners.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-eight older adult listeners (aged 55-80 years) completed a battery of hearing and cognitive tasks administered via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox. Participants also completed a three-phase familiarization task (pretest, training, and posttest) with one of two speakers with dysarthria. Elastic net regression models of initial intelligibility (pretest) and intelligibility improvement (posttest) were constructed for each speaker with dysarthria to identify important cognitive and hearing predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the regression models indicated that intelligibility outcomes were optimized for older listeners with better words-in-noise thresholds, vocabulary knowledge, working memory capacity, and cognitive flexibility. Despite some convergence across models, unique constellations of cognitive-linguistic and hearing parameters and their two-way interactions predicted speech perception and adaptation outcomes for the two speakers with dysarthria, who varied in terms of their severity and perceptual characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Here, we add to an extensive body of work in related disciplines by demonstrating age-related declines in speech perception and adaptation to dysarthric speech can be traced back to specific hearing and cognitive-linguistic factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Device Use Among Spanish-English Bilingual and English Monolingual Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing.","authors":"Kathryn B Wiseman, Tiana M Cowan, Lauren Calandruccio, Elizabeth A Walker, Barbara Rodriguez, Jacob J Oleson, Ryan W McCreery, Lori J Leibold, Emily Buss","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00197","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This report compares device use in a cohort of Spanish-English bilingual and English monolingual children who are deaf and hard of hearing, including children fitted with traditional hearing aids, cochlear implants (CIs), and/or bone-conduction hearing devices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 84 Spanish-English bilingual children and 85 English monolingual children from clinical sites across the United States. The data represent a subset obtained in a larger clinical trial. Device use obtained via data logging was modeled as a function of language group, device type, child age, sex, and parental education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among children with traditional hearing aids, bilingual children wore their devices significantly fewer hours per day than monolingual children, but this group difference was not observed for children with CIs or bone-conduction hearing devices. In the monolingual group, older children wore their devices significantly more hours than younger children, but this effect of age was not present in the bilingual group. Parent report was consistent with data logging for bilingual and monolingual children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Spanish-English bilingual hearing aid users wore their devices less than their English monolingual peers, particularly among older children. This group effect was not observed for children with CIs or bone-conduction hearing devices. Additional studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to device use among bilingual children with hearing aids.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"282-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142803033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for Measuring Caregiver Talk in Interactions With Infants at Elevated and Population-Level Likelihood for Autism: Deriving Stable Estimates.","authors":"Kristen Bottema-Beutel, Ruoxi Guo, Caroline Braun, Kacie Dunham-Carr, Jennifer E Markfeld, Grace Pulliam, S Madison Clark, Bahar Keçeli-Kaysılı, Jacob I Feldman, Tiffany Woynaroski","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00312","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to help researchers design observational measurement systems that yield sufficiently stable scores for estimating caregiver talk among caregivers of infant siblings of autistic and non-autistic children. Stable estimates minimize error introduced by facets of the measurement system, such as variability between coders or measurement sessions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Analyses of variance were used to partition error variance between coder and session and to derive <i>g</i> coefficients. Decision studies determined the number of sessions and coders over which scores must be averaged to achieve sufficiently stable <i>g</i> coefficients (0.80). Twelve infants at elevated likelihood of an autism diagnosis and 12 infants with population-level likelihood of autism diagnosis participated in two semistructured observation sessions when the children were 12-18 months of age and again 9 months later. Caregiver follow-in talk was coded from these sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two sessions and one coder were needed to achieve sufficient stability for follow-in talk and follow-in comments for both groups of infants at both time points. However, follow-in directives did not reach sufficient stability for any combination of sessions or coders for the population-level likelihood group at either time point, or for the elevated likelihood group at Time 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Researchers should plan to collect at least two sessions to derive sufficiently stable estimates of caregiver talk in infants at elevated and general population-level likelihood for autism.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27996875.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"234-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Arabic and English Digits-in-Noise Tests: Effects of Test Language and At-Home Testing.","authors":"Adnan Shehabi, Christopher J Plack, Garreth Prendergast, Kevin J Munro, Michael A Stone, Joseph Laycock, Arwa AlJasser, Hannah Guest","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00085","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Digits-in-Noise (DIN) test is used widely in research and, increasingly, in remote hearing screening. The reported study aimed to provide basic evaluation data for browser-based DIN software, which allows remote testing without installation of an app. It investigated the effects of test language (Arabic vs. English) and test environment (lab vs. home) on DIN thresholds and test-retest reliability. It also examined the effects of test language on the correlations between DIN and audiometric thresholds.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty-two bilingual adults with normal hearing aged 18-35 years completed Arabic and English diotic DIN tests (two sessions in the lab and two sessions at home via the web). Effects of language and environment on DIN thresholds were assessed via paired <i>t</i> tests, while intraclass and Pearson's/Spearman's correlation coefficients quantified test-retest reliability and relations to audiometric thresholds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DIN thresholds were 0.74 dB higher (worse) for Arabic than English stimuli. Thresholds were 0.52 dB lower in the lab than at home, but the effect was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Intraclass and Pearson's correlation coefficients were too low for meaningful analysis due to the use of a normal-hearing sample with low between-subject variability in DIN and audiometric thresholds. However, exploratory analysis showed that absolute test-retest differences were low (< 1.2 dB, on average) for both languages and both test environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Arabic DIN thresholds were a little higher than English thresholds for the same listeners. Employing home-based rather than lab-based testing may slightly elevate DIN thresholds, but the effect was marginal. Nonetheless, both factors should be considered when interpreting DIN data. Test-retest differences were low for both languages and environments. To support hearing screening, subsequent research in audiometrically diverse listeners is required, testing the reliability of DIN thresholds and relations to hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"388-398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amplifying Sound Intensity of Key Words in Discourse Promotes Memory in Female College Students.","authors":"Zhenxu Liu, Yajie He, Wenhao Li, Sixing Cui, Ziying Fu, Xin Wang","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00386","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine whether amplification of key words in discourse helped to memorize the words.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We tested the effect of 135 participants' memory for key words in the discourse after intensity amplification (0, 5, 7, 9, and 11 dB), and we also tested physiological indicators to measure attention levels in another 30 participants. Adobe Audition was used to modulate the intensity of key words, whereas E-prime technology was used to present speech stimuli and test the accuracy of the memory of the participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that amplifying key word intensity by 9 dB led to a significant enhancement in memory, whereas there was no difference in self-reported naturalness between amplification of key word intensity in the 9 dB and nonamplified groups. Heart rate and skin conductance level of the subjects decreased with amplification of key word intensity in the 9-dB group, which indicated that this promoted the memory effect by enhancing attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results demonstrate that amplifying the intensity of the key words by 9 dB is an effective strategy for promoting memory. This research provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the acoustic parameters of audio learning materials to achieve better teaching effects.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27902643.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"16-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and Sex Differences in Infants' Neural Sensitivity to Emotional Prosodies in Spoken Words: A Multifeature Oddball Study.","authors":"Chieh Kao, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00820","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate infants' neural responses to changes in emotional prosody in spoken words. The focus was on understanding developmental changes and potential sex differences, aspects that were not consistently observed in previous behavioral studies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A modified multifeature oddball paradigm was used with emotional deviants (angry, happy, and sad) presented against neutral prosody (standard) within varying spoken words during a single electroencephalography recording session. The reported data included 34 infants (18 males, 16 females; age range: 3-12 months, average age: 7 months 26 days).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Infants exhibited distinct patterns of mismatch responses (MMRs) to different emotional prosodies in both early (100-200 ms) and late (300-500 ms) time windows following the speech onset. While both happy and angry prosodies elicited more negative early MMRs than the sad prosody across all infants, older infants showed more negative early MMRs than their younger counterparts. The distinction between early MMRs to angry and sad prosodies was more pronounced in younger infants. In the late time window, angry prosody elicited a more negative late MMR than the sad prosody, with younger infants showing more distinct late MMRs to sad and angry prosodies compared to older infants. Additionally, a sex effect was observed as male infants displayed more negative early MMRs compared to females.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate the feasibility of the modified multifeature oddball protocol in studying neural sensitivities to emotional speech in infancy. The observed age and sex effects on infants' auditory neural responses to vocal emotions underscore the need for further research to distinguish between acoustic and emotional processing and to understand their roles in early socioemotional and language development.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27914553.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"332-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear Implant Sound Quality.","authors":"Michael F Dorman, Sarah C Natale, Nadine Buczak, Josh Stohl, Francesco Acciai, Andreas Büchner","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00678","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aims of this exploratory study were (a) to assess common terms used to describe cochlear implant (CI) sound quality by patients fit with conventional CIs and (b) to compare those descriptors to previously obtained acoustic matches to CI sound quality created by single-sided deaf (SSD) patients for their normal-hearing ear.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>CI patients fit with Advanced Bionics (AB; <i>n</i> = 89), Cochlear Corporation (<i>n</i> = 86), and MED-EL (<i>n</i> = 80) implants were the participants. The patients filled out a questionnaire about CI sound quality for two time points: For the time near activation (T1) from memory and at the time of filling out the questionnaire (T2). The mean CI experience at T2 for the three groups ranged from 4 to 8 years. The questionnaire was composed of 25 adjectives describing sound quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For T1, the most commonly used descriptors were Computer-like, Treble-y, Metallic, and Mickey Mouse-like. A superordinate category of HiPitched (High Pitched) gathered significantly more responses from patients with shorter electrode arrays (AB and Cochlear) than patients with longer arrays (MED-EL). At T2, the most common descriptor was Clear and was chosen by approximately two thirds of the patients. The between-group differences in responses to items in the HiPitched category, present at T1, were absent at T2.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The questionnaire data from conventional CI patients differs from previous sound matching data collected from SSD-CI patients. Alterations to the spectral composition of the signal are less salient to experienced conventional patients than to experienced SSD-CI patients. This is likely due to the absence, for conventional patients, of an exemplar in an NH ear against which to judge CI sound quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}