Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of an Inclusive Group-Based Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention on Active Engagement in Young Autistic Children: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Rachel Reetzke, Rebecca Landa","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00322","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Despite group-level improvements in active engagement and related outcomes, significant individual variability in response to early intervention exists. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the effects of a group-based Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention (NDBI) on active engagement among a heterogeneous sample of young autistic children in a clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-three autistic children aged 24-60 months (<i>M</i> = 44.95, <i>SD</i> = 10.77) participated in an inclusive group-based NDBI over a period of 10 months. Speech-language pathologists used an abbreviated version of the measure of active engagement to rate children's active engagement at three treatment time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed-effects regression analyses revealed that active engagement significantly increased from Time 1 to Time 2 (after 6 months of the group-based NDBI) and persisted through Time 3 (after 10 months of the group-based NDBI). Symmetrized percent change analyses revealed that 48% of the sample (<i>n</i> = 30) exhibited an increasing trajectory, 29% were stable, and 24% showed a decreasing trajectory. Age and parent-reported social pragmatic concerns at program entry, as well as the length of time participating in the group-based NDBI, were differentially associated with the identified subgroups, signaling baseline child characteristics that may be associated with NDBI response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of careful monitoring of active engagement to guide clinical decision making regarding changing intervention strategies, targets, or the intensity of the NDBI if gains are not observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1137-1150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive Use of Grammatical Gender During Noun Phrase Decoding: An Eye-Tracking Study With German Children With Developmental Language Disorder.","authors":"Jürgen Cholewa, Annika Kirschenkern, Frederike Steinke, Thomas Günther","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00389","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Predictive language comprehension has become a major topic in psycholinguistic research. The study described in this article aims to investigate if German children with developmental language disorder (DLD) use grammatical gender agreement to predict the continuation of noun phrases in the same way as it has been observed for typically developing (TD) children. The study also seeks to differentiate between specific and general deficits in predictive processing by exploring the anticipatory use of semantic information. Additionally, the research examines whether the processing of gender and semantic information varies with the speed of stimulus presentation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 30 children with DLD (average age = 8.7 years) and 26 TD children (average age = 8.4 years) who participated in a visual-world eye-tracking study. Noun phrases, consisting of an article, an adjective, and a noun, were presented that matched with only one of two target pictures. The phrases contained a gender cue, a semantic cue, a combination of both, or none of these cues. The cues were provided by the article and/or adjective and could be used to identify the target picture before the noun itself was presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups, TD children and those with DLD, utilized predictive processing strategies in response to gender agreement and semantic information when decoding noun phrases. However, children with DLD were only able to consider gender cues when noun phrases were presented at a slower speech rate, and even then, their predictive certainty remained below the typical level for their age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on these findings, the article discusses the potential relevance of the prediction framework for explaining comprehension deficits in children with DLD, as well as the clinical implications of the results.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1056-1074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Pediatric Laryngeal Ultrasonography: A Training Protocol for Novice Examiners.","authors":"Julianne T Lee, Alice K-Y Siu, Estella P-M Ma","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00367","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Laryngeal ultrasonography (LUS) is a noninvasive alternative to nasal endoscopy for diagnosing vocal fold pathologies in the pediatric population. Inducing less discomfort and physiological impact, LUS is more well tolerated by young patients. Despite its advantages, interpreting ultrasound images is highly subjective, potentially undermining diagnostic accuracy. To address the limitation, this research aims to evaluate the effect of training on novice examiners' LUS interpretation proficiency and, secondly, whether examiners' interpretation confidence increases after receiving the training.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-eight novice examiners were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group where the former received training. A stimulus-response-feedback-stimulus paradigm was employed in the training. Qualitatively, the presence of vocal fold lesions and vocal fold motion impairment was examined. Quantitatively, the left and right vocal fold-arytenoid angles were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that training significantly improved diagnostic accuracy in qualitative measurements. Quantitatively, statistically significant effects were found posttraining with enhanced intrarater agreement and reduced interrater variability. A substantial increase in interpretation confidence was observed following training.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, there is an overall significant training effect on novice examiners' proficiency in LUS image interpretation. For future directions, it is recommended to investigate the training effect on the proficiency from ultrasound image acquisition to interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"935-948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of Hearing Status Based on Pupil Measures During Sentence Perception.","authors":"Patrycja Lebiecka-Johansen, Adriana A Zekveld, Dorothea Wendt, Thomas Koelewijn, Afaan I Muhammad, Sophia E Kramer","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00005","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech understanding in noise can be effortful, especially for people with hearing impairment. To compensate for reduced acuity, hearing-impaired (HI) listeners may be allocating listening effort differently than normal-hearing (NH) peers. We expected that this might influence measures derived from the pupil dilation response. To investigate this in more detail, we assessed the sensitivity of pupil measures to hearing-related changes in effort allocation. We used a machine learning-based classification framework capable of combining and ranking measures to examine hearing-related, stimulus-related (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]), and task response-related changes in pupil measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pupil data from 32 NH (40-70 years old, <i>M</i> = 51.3 years, six males) and 32 HI (31-76 years old, <i>M</i> = 59 years, 13 males) listeners were recorded during an adaptive speech reception threshold test. Peak pupil dilation (PPD), mean pupil dilation (MPD), principal pupil components (rotated principal components [RPCs]), and baseline pupil size (BPS) were calculated. As a precondition for ranking pupil measures, the ability to classify hearing status (NH/HI), SNR (high/low), and task response (correct/incorrect) above random prediction level was assessed. This precondition was met when classifying hearing status in subsets of data with varying SNR and task response, SNR in the NH group, and task response in the HI group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A combination of pupil measures was necessary to classify the dependent factors. Hearing status, SNR, and task response were predicted primarily by the established measures-PPD (maximum effort), RPC2 (speech processing), and BPS (task anticipation)-and by the novel measures RPC1 (listening) and RPC3 (response preparation) in tasks involving SNR as an outcome or sometimes difficulty criterion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A machine learning-based classification framework can assess sensitivity of, and rank the importance of, pupil measures in relation to three effort modulators (factors) during speech perception in noise. This indicates that the effects of these factors on the pupil measures allow for reasonable classification performance. Moreover, the varying contributions of each measure to the classification models suggest they are not equally affected by these factors. Thus, this study enhances our understanding of pupil responses and their sensitivity to relevant factors.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28225199.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1188-1208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Roles of Language Ability and Language Dominance in Bilingual Parent-Child Language Alignment.","authors":"Caitlyn Slawny, Emma Libersky, Margarita Kaushanskaya","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00240","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the current study, we examined the alignment of language choice of bilingual parent-child dyads in play-based interactions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty-four bilingual Spanish-English parent-child dyads participated in a 10-min naturalistic free-play interaction to determine whether bilingual children and their parents respond to each other in the same language(s) across conversational turns and whether children's language ability and children's and parents' language dominance affect language alignment. Children's language ability was indexed by the Bilingual English-Spanish Assessment. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of children's language ability and children's and parents' language dominance on the alignment of language choice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results revealed that children and parents largely aligned their language choice and that children's and parents' language dominance, but not children's language ability, influenced alignment. Patterns of alignment differed between children and parents. Children aligned to their dominant language, and this was true for both English- and Spanish-dominant children. In contrast, English-dominant parents aligned equally to both languages, whereas Spanish-dominant parents aligned significantly more to Spanish.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Together, these findings suggest that bilinguals' alignment of language choice is deeply sensitive to language dominance effects in both children and adults but that parents may also choose their language strategically in conversations with their children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1092-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143469980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological Stimulus Considerations for Auditory Emotion Recognition Test Design.","authors":"Shae D Morgan, Bailey LaPaugh","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00189","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Many studies have investigated test design influences (e.g., number of stimuli, open- vs. closed-set tasks) on word recognition ability, but the impact that stimuli selection has on auditory emotion recognition has not been explored. This study assessed the impact of some stimulus parameters and test design methodologies on emotion recognition performance to optimize stimuli to use for auditory emotion recognition testing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-five young adult participants with normal or near-normal hearing completed four tasks evaluating methodological parameters that may affect emotion recognition performance. The four conditions assessed (a) word stimuli versus sentence stimuli, (b) the total number of stimuli and number of stimuli per emotion category, (c) the number of talkers, and (d) the number of emotion categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sentence stimuli yielded higher emotion recognition performance and increased performance variability compared to word stimuli. Recognition performance was independent of the number of stimuli per category, the number of talkers, and the number of emotion categories. Task duration expectedly increased with the total number of stimuli. A test of auditory emotion recognition that combined these design methodologies yielded high performance with low variability for listeners with normal hearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stimulus selection influences performance and test reliability for auditory emotion recognition. Researchers should consider these influences when designing future tests of auditory emotion recognition to ensure tests are able to accomplish the study's aims.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28270943.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1209-1224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talker Differences in Perceived Emotion in Clear and Conversational Speech.","authors":"Elizabeth D Young, Shae D Morgan, Sarah Hargus Ferguson","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00325","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous work has shown that judgments of emotion differ between clear and conversational speech, particularly for perceived anger. The current study examines talker differences in perceived emotion for a database of talkers producing clear and conversational speech.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A database of 41 talkers was used to assess talker differences in six emotion categories (\"Anger,\" \"Fear,\" \"Disgust,\" \"Happiness,\" \"Sadness,\" and \"Neutral\"). Twenty-six healthy young adult listeners rated perceived emotion in 14 emotionally neutral sentences produced in clear and conversational styles by all talkers in the database. Generalized linear mixed-effects modeling was utilized to examine talker differences in all six emotion categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant effect of speaking style for all emotion categories, and substantial talker differences existed after controlling for speaking style in all categories. Additionally, many emotion categories, including anger, had significant Talker × Style interactions. Perceived anger was significantly higher in clear speech compared to conversational speech for 85% of the talkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While there is a large speaking style effect for perceived anger, the magnitude of the effect varies between talkers. The perception of negatively valenced emotions in clear speech, including anger, may result in unintended interpersonal consequences for those utilizing clear speech as a communication facilitator. Further research is needed to examine potential acoustic sources of perceived anger in clear speech.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28304384.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1263-1276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143442851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Configuration of Hearing Loss Simulation Modulates Mismatch Responses and Discrimination to Mandarin Lexical Tone Contrasts.","authors":"Ying-Ying Cheng, Chia-Ying Lee","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00745","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Objective measures of auditory capacity in the hearing loss population are crucial for cross-checking behavioral measures. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential component indexing automatic change detection and reflecting speech discrimination performance. MMN can potentially serve as an objective measure of speech discrimination. This study examined whether the audibility of stimuli modulates MMN to Mandarin lexical tone contrasts by analyzing hearing loss simulation (HLS) in adults with normal hearing.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The configurations of HLS were the between-subjects variable, with the sloping HLS simulating high-frequency hearing loss (more severe hearing loss at frequencies > 1000 Hz) and the rising HLS simulating low-frequency hearing loss. An AX discrimination task was used to measure the lexical tone discrimination by calculating <i>d</i>'. A multideviant oddball paradigm with large (high-level vs. low-dipping tones, T1-T3) and small (high-rising vs. low-dipping tones, T2-T3) deviant contrasts was employed to examine whether deviant size affects MMN sensitivity to stimuli's audibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the T1-T3 change elicited MMN in the sloping and rising HLS groups. The T2-T3 change elicited MMN in the sloping HLS group but a positive mismatch response in the rising HLS group. Furthermore, regression analysis indicates that more negative mismatch responses to T2-T3 predict better performance in discriminating T2-T3 contrasts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MMN to the T2-T3 change is sensitive to reduced audibility at frequencies lower than 1000 Hz. This suggests that MMN has the potential to serve as an objective assessment for evaluating lexical tone discrimination in people with hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1250-1262"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143450635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of Preference-Based Adjustments on Hearing Aid Frequency-Gain Response.","authors":"Bertan Kursun, Chemay Shola, Isabella E Cunio, Lauren Langley, Yi Shen","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00215","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although users can customize the frequency-gain response of hearing aids, the variability in their individual adjustments remains a concern. This study investigated the within-subject variability in the gain adjustments made within a single self-adjustment procedure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two experiments were conducted with 20 older adults with mild-to-severe hearing loss. Participants used a two-dimensional touchscreen to adjust hearing aid amplification across six frequency bands (0.25-8 kHz) while listening to continuous speech in background noise. In these two experiments, two user interface designs, differing in control-to-gain map, were tested. For each participant, the statistical properties of 30 repeated gain adjustments within a single self-adjustment procedure were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When participants made multiple gain adjustments, their preferred gain settings showed the highest variability in the 4- and 8-kHz frequency bands and the lowest variability in the 1- and 2-kHz bands, suggesting that midfrequency bands are weighted more heavily in their preferences compared to high frequencies. Additionally, significant correlations were observed for the preferred gains between the 0.25- and 0.5-kHz bands, between the 0.5- and 1-kHz bands, and between the 4- and 8-kHz bands. Lastly, the standard error of the preferred gain reduced with an increasing number of trials, with a rate close to being slightly shallower than would be expected for invariant mean preference for most participants, suggesting convergent estimation of the underlying preference across trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-adjustments of frequency-gain profiles are informative about the underlying preference; however, the contributions from various frequency bands are neither equal nor independent.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28405397.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal Aerodynamics, Acoustics, and Hypernasality in Children With Cleft Palate.","authors":"Robert Brinton Fujiki, John Munday, Rebecca Johnson, Susan L Thibeault","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00763","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between laryngeal aerodynamics, acoustics, and hypernasality in children with cleft palate with or without lip (CP ± L).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used a prospectively performed cross-sectional design. Fifty-six children between the ages of 6 and 17 years with CP ± L participated (<i>M</i>_age= 11.7, <i>SD</i> = 3.4; male = 32, female = 24). Children were separated into four groups based on auditory-perceptual ratings of hypernasality made using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Americleft Modification protocol. Laryngeal aerodynamic measures including subglottal pressure, transglottal airflow, laryngeal aerodynamic resistance (LAR), and phonation threshold pressure were collected. Acoustic measures of smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and low-to-high ratio on sustained vowels and connected speech were also considered. Analyses controlled for age, sex, auditory-perceptual ratings of voice quality, and speech intelligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with minimally or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated significantly increased subglottal pressure, reduced transglottal airflow, and increased LAR, when compared with children with balanced or moderately hypernasal resonance. CPP on sustained vowel was significantly lower for children with moderate hypernasality when compared with all other groups-suggesting poorer voice quality. Other acoustic measures were in or near normative pediatric range.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with CP ± L and minimal or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated aerodynamic voice measures indicative of vocal hyperfunction. These findings suggest that children with CP ± L may compensate for velopharyngeal dysfunction on a laryngeal level, thus increasing the risk of laryngeal pathology. Future study should explore the relationship between laryngeal function and velopharyngeal port closure and consider how voice problems can be prevented or mitigated in children with CP ± L.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}