Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Aerodynamic Threshold Measures for Reflecting Glottal Closure in Voice Disorders.","authors":"Roger W Chan, Sally Chien Hsin Liu, Li-Chun Hsieh, Chia-Hsin Wu, Xia Wu, Zhenyu Xie","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00336","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Previous work suggested that phonation threshold pressure (PTP), phonation threshold flow (PTF), and phonation threshold power (PTW) could be effective aerodynamic measures for quantifying glottal incompetence. This study examined how these measures could reflect varying extent of incomplete glottal closure in individuals with voice disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty individuals formally diagnosed with glottal incompetence, including 10 with hypofunctional disorders (hypo group) and 20 with hyperfunctional disorders (hyper group), and 30 individuals with normal voice (control group) participated in the study. PTP was measured indirectly by intra-oral pressure during production of bilabial stop consonant-vowel syllables, PTF was measured during the sustained vowel /a/, and PTW was obtained as the product of PTP and PTF. The extent of incomplete glottal closure was quantified by normalized glottal gap (NGG) and normalized glottal gap area (NGGA) based on image analysis of videostroboscopic recordings of sustained /i/.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in all threshold measures (<i>p</i> < .05) were found among three participant groups with medium-to-large effect sizes (η_p² = .128-.220), with significantly higher values for the hypo group than the control group and no significant differences between the hyper and control groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the highest diagnostic or classification accuracy contrasting between the hypo and control groups (area under the ROC curve = .717-.757), with the highest classification accuracy for PTW. There were significant, moderate-to-strong positive correlations with NGG and NGGA for the disorders group (Pearson's <i>r</i> = .4244-.6226) and the hypo group (<i>r</i> = .5689-.8949).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These measures could be effective for identifying glottal incompetence, especially for hypofunctional disorders. PTW could be more sensitive than PTP and PTF in reflecting the extent of incomplete glottal closure, consistent with theoretical predictions. Their relative sensitivities for quantifying distinct incomplete glottal closures specific to different voice disorders should be evaluated in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalization of Interarticulator Timing Control: Evidence From Tongue-Jaw and Lip-Jaw Kinematics Using Electromagnetic Articulography.","authors":"Matthew Masapollo, Ana Rodriguez, Rosalie Gendron, Kara Kent, Hannah Thomas, Susan Nittrouer","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00323","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In skilled speech production, the motor system coordinates the movements of distinct sets of articulators to form precise and consistent constrictions in the vocal tract at distinct locations, across contextual variations in movement rate and amplitude. Research efforts have sought to uncover the critical control parameters governing interarticulator coordination during constriction formation, with a focus on two parameters: (a) latency of movement onset of one articulator relative to another (temporal parameters) and (b) phase angle of movement onset for one articulator relative to another (spatiotemporal parameters). Consistent interarticulator timing between jaw and tongue tip movements, during the formation of constrictions at the alveolar ridge, was previously found to scale more reliably than phase angles across variation in production rate and syllable stress. In the present study, we test whether these temporal regularities generalize to another set of articulators, namely, the jaw and lower lip, during the formation of constrictions at the lips.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eight talkers produced vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) sequences, recorded using electromagnetic articulography, with variation in production rate and syllable stress. V was /ɑ/-/ɛ/ and C was alveolar /t/-/d/ or bilabial /p/-/b/. Two measures were obtained: (a) the timing of tongue tip/lower lip raising onset for intervocalic C, relative to jaw opening-closing cycles for the flanking vowels, and (b) the angle of tongue tip/lower lip raising onset for intervocalic C, relative to the jaw phase plane.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across both sets of articulators, consonant-related movement onset latencies scaled more consistently with variation in the jaw opening-closing cycle than phase angles. Furthermore, movement onset latencies were more strongly affiliated with utterance type than phase angles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings demonstrate that precise temporal coordination of articulator movements regulates the formation of precise constrictions, independent of the specific set of articulators involved or where in the vocal tract the constriction is produced.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"129-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Producing Nasal Vowels Without Nasalization? Perceptual Judgments and Acoustic Measurements of Nasal/Oral Vowels Produced by Children With Cochlear Implants and Typically Hearing Peers.","authors":"Sophie Fagniart, Véronique Delvaux, Bernard Harmegnies, Anne Huberlant, Kathy Huet, Myriam Piccaluga, Isabelle Watterman, Brigitte Charlier","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00083","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of the present study is to investigate nasal and oral vowel production in French-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) and children with typical hearing (TH). Vowel nasality relies primarily on acoustic cues that may be less effectively transmitted by the implant. The study investigates how children with CIs manage to produce these segments in French, a language with contrastive vowel nasalization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The children performed a task in which they repeated sentences containing a consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel-type pseudoword, the vowel being a nasal or oral vowel from French. Thirteen children with CIs and 25 children with TH completed the task. Among the children with CIs, the level of exposure to Cued Speech (CS) was either occasional (CS-) or intense (CS+). The productions were analyzed through perceptual judgments and acoustic measurements. Different acoustic cues related to nasality were collected: segmental durations, formant values, and predicted values of nasalization. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine which acoustic features are associated with perceived nasality in perceptual judgments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The perceptual judgments realized on the children's speech productions indicate that children with sustained exposure to CS (CS+) exhibited the best identified and most distinct oral/nasal productions. Acoustic measures revealed different production profiles among the groups: Children in the CS+ group seem to differentiate between nasal and oral vowels by relying on segmental duration cues and variations in oropharyngeal configurations (associated with formant differences) but less through nasal resonance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights (a) a benefit of sustained CS practice for CI children for the intelligibility of nasal-oral segments, (b) privileged exploitation of temporal (segmental duration) and salient acoustic cues (oropharyngeal configuration) in the CS+ group, and (c) difficulties among children with CI in distinguishing nasal-oral segments through nasal resonance.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27744768.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"301-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Executive Functions and Musicality on Speech Auditory-Motor Synchronization in Adults Who Stutter.","authors":"Min Zhu, Fei Chen, Weiping Chen, Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00141","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts the timing and rhythmic flow of speech production. There is growing evidence indicating that abnormal interactions between the auditory and motor cortices contribute to the development of stuttering. The present study investigated speech auditory-motor synchronization in stuttering adults and the influential factors behind it as compared to individuals without stuttering.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixteen Mandarin-speaking adults with stuttering and 19 fluent controls, who were matched for age, gender, and years of musical training, participated in the current study. Their ability to synchronize vocal speech production with accelerating auditory sequences was assessed using the spontaneous speech-to-speech synchronization test (SSS test). Additionally, all participants conducted a series of standardized behavioral tests to evaluate their musicality and executive functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Stutterers achieved significantly lower phase locking values in the SSS test compared to nonstuttering controls, indicating a potential rhythmic processing deficit in developmental stuttering. Moreover, the strength of speech auditory-motor synchronization in stutterers was significantly associated with their performance in tasks such as digit span and nonword repetition. This finding further emphasizes the strong link between rhythmic processing and working memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides compelling evidence for the speech rhythmic deficit in individuals with stuttering by incorporating auditory-motor processes. It would offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between language and the brain and shed light on the potential benefits of cognitive training for speech intervention in individuals with stuttering difficulties.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27984362.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"54-68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142839258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Speech Sound Difficulties Risk Factors for Difficulties in Language and Reading Skills? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Line Walquist-Sørli, Ømur Caglar-Ryeng, Bjarte Furnes, Trude Nergård-Nilssen, Enrica Donolato, Monica Melby-Lervåg","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00170","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with speech sound difficulties often require educational psychology services, yet systematic reviews examining the association between these difficulties and language or reading problems are lacking. This meta-analysis examines whether these children are at higher risk of language and reading difficulties compared to their peers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study analyzed 290 effect sizes from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that compared language and reading skills between children with speech sound difficulties and controls. Additionally, we evaluated 37 effect sizes from correlational studies in general populations to examine the relationship between speech sound skills and language or reading skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children with speech sound difficulties showed significant concurrent language (Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.60) and reading (Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.58) problems. Correlational studies also demonstrated a relationship between speech sound skills and language (<i>r</i> = .23) and reading (<i>r</i> = .23) skills. Phonological awareness and study quality were significant moderators. Longitudinal studies showed persistent or increasing group differences over time in language (Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.85) and reading (Hedges' <i>g</i> = -0.50). These findings were consistent regardless of the severity or types of speech sound difficulties, nonverbal IQ, country, age, and publication year. However, a precision-effect test and the precision-effect estimate with standard errors analysis suggested a potential decrease in effect size due to publication bias from small sample sizes in primary studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Children with speech sound difficulties are at an increased risk of language and reading difficulties, emphasizing the need for broader language assessments and early interventions to mitigate future academic difficulties.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27849828.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"164-177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-Related Quality of Life and the Role of the Big Five Personality Traits in Postlingually Deaf Cochlear Implant Users.","authors":"Joanna Kobosko, Lech Śliwa, Małgorzata Ganc, W Wiktor Jedrzejczak, D Beata Porembska, Henryk Skarzynski","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00761","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationships between generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL), the Big Five personality traits, speech understanding, and sociodemographic factors in a group of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study group included 81 participants who met the inclusion criteria: profound sensorineural hearing loss, 18 years of age or more, and using at least one CI implanted after 18 years of age. Some 18% were bilateral CI users. The mean age of the participants was 60 ± 11 years. They completed the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL-8D) and the Short Form IPIP-BFM-20 (shortened version of the 50-item Big Five Markers Questionnaire from the International Personality Item Pool). The response rate was 57%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HRQoL was lower in the study group than in the general population. Moreover, all Big Five personality characteristics were significantly lower than the Polish norm. The personality traits of intellect/imagination, emotional stability, and extraversion contributed to higher overall HRQoL scores, particularly for most psychosocial AQoL-8D dimensions. Higher agreeableness predicted higher HRQoL in the Independent Living, Pain, Coping, and Relations dimensions, whereas higher extraversion predicted higher physical HRQoL in the Senses dimension. Better speech understanding in quiet and noisy environments correlated with better physical HRQoL. Additionally, male gender and higher education were linked to higher global HRQoL. Conversely, being female was associated with lower global psychosocial and physical HRQoL, particularly in Pain. Higher education also contributed to improved physical HRQoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, CI users have lower physical and psychosocial HRQoL as well as in measures that depend on personality traits. In terms of physical HRQoL, speech understanding plays an important role. It might prove useful if CI candidates and users were given a Big Five personality evaluation and an HRQoL assessment based on which they might be offered counseling or psychological intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"349-363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome and Communication Disorders: A Tutorial for Clinicians.","authors":"Anumitha Venkatraman, Ruth Davis, Wen-Hsuan Tseng, Susan L Thibeault","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00436","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Emerging research in the field of microbiology has indicated that host-microbiota interactions play a significant role in regulating health and disease. Whereas the gut microbiome has received the most attention, distinct microbiota in other organs (mouth, larynx, and trachea) may undergo microbial shifts that impact disease states. A comprehensive understanding of microbial mechanisms and their role in communication and swallowing deficits may have downstream diagnostic and therapeutic implications.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A literature review was completed to provide a broad overview of the microbiome, including differentiation of commensal versus pathogenic bacteria; cellular mechanisms by which bacteria interact with human cells; site-specific microbial compositional shifts in certain organs; and available reports of oral, laryngeal, and tracheal microbial dysbiosis in conditions that are associated with communication and swallowing deficits.</p><p><strong>Results/conclusions: </strong>This review article is a valuable tutorial for clinicians, specifically introducing them to the concept of dysbiosis, with potential contributions to communication and swallowing deficits. Future research should delineate the role of specific pathogenic bacteria in disease pathogenesis to identify therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"148-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syntactic Growth of Adolescent Boys With Fragile X Syndrome or Down Syndrome: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Jamie Linert, Lizbeth H Finestack, Leonard Abbeduto","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00421","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The current study addresses a gap in the literature regarding syntactic development of adolescent boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS). Specifically, we ask whether syntactic skills plateau or continue to change during adolescence for these groups and whether the profile of syntactic change differs between boys with FXS and those with DS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 38 boys with FXS (with and without autism) and 20 boys with DS between the ages of 10 and 16 years, as well as 33 boys who were neurotypical between the ages of 3 and 8 years at study entry. Trained examiners evaluated the participants annually for four consecutive years. The evaluation included standardized language assessments and a conversational language sample, which was analyzed using mean length of utterance-morphemes and the Index of Productive Syntax. For each measure, we fit a series of candidate models, including the intercept-only model and models with nonverbal cognition and maternal IQ as moderators. We then used Akaike's information criteria-corrected to determine which model in a candidate set had the most empirical evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our between-groups results indicated that FXS and DS have distinct syntactic profiles. However, our growth analyses and moderator analyses yielded mixed results. For most measures, the most likely models suggest that there is no plateau in the growth of syntactic skills for boys with FXS or DS and that nonverbal cognition is associated with the rate of change.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that syntactic change continues to occur throughout adolescence for boys with FXS or DS. The results also indicate that the growth profiles are distinct between the two groups. Future research with more participants from more diverse backgrounds would add more clarity to these findings.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27984548.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"193-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistic Processing of Unattended Speech Under a Cocktail Party Listening Scenario.","authors":"Lingxi Lu, Danni Wu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Liangjie Chen","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00404","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In the context of a cocktail party listening environment, the processing of different linguistic hierarchy levels in unattended speech and their influence on target speech recognition remain controversial. This study aims to investigate how different levels of linguistic structures (such as syllable, word, and sentence) in competing speech influence the recognition of target speech in a speech-to-speech masking situation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-six participants were instructed to recognize target speech when it was masked by competing speech varied in masking types across syllables, words, and sentence. The perceived spatial location was altered to examine the interaction between linguistic unmasking effects and spatial unmasking effects. Recognition performance (i.e., intelligibility threshold) was determined by fitting psychometric functions to the recognition accuracies across four signal-to-noise ratios (-14, -10, -6, and - 2 dB) to evaluate each subject's ability to cope with challenging listening conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed a significant decline in target speech recognition when the masking speech was linguistically structured and intelligible. Specifically, masking speech with higher linguistic complexity, such as coherent sentences, resulted in more significant interference compared to those with lower complexity, like sequences of syllables. The linguistic release from masking, resulting from a decrease in linguistic complexity of maskers shifting from sentences to syllables, was found to be correlated with, and also linearly additive to, the spatial release from masking due to the spatial separation of the masker and target.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings illustrate the influence of linguistic complexity in masking speech on the recognition of target speech, suggesting the involvement of higher-level linguistic processing of irrelevant speech in noisy environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children III: Interaction Between Speaking Rate and Intelligibility.","authors":"Tristan J Mahr, Paul J Rathouz, Katherine C Hustad","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00356","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Earlier work has established developmental benchmarks for intelligibility and articulation rate, but the intersection of these two variables, especially within individual children, has received limited attention. This study examines the interaction between intelligibility and speaking rate in typically developing children between the ages 2;6 and 9;11 (years;months) and evaluates whether children show a speed-accuracy trade-off in their habitual speech production.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Speech samples of varying lengths were collected from 538 typically developing children. Intelligibility was measured as the number of words correctly transcribed by untrained adult listeners, and speaking rate was calculated in number of syllables per second. Regression models estimated the effects of age, utterance length, and speaking rate on intelligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intelligibility and speaking rate were positively correlated overall but weakly correlated after adjusting for age. In regression analyses, intelligibility increased with age and decreased with utterance length, and there was a trend for intelligibility to decrease with increased speaking rate, especially in longer utterances. At the individual level, for most children, there was a negative effect of speaking rate on intelligibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide evidence from a large-scale sample for the hypothesis that children's speech is subject to a speed-accuracy trade-off where increased speaking rate leads to reduced articulatory accuracy and hence reduced intelligibility. Further research is needed on how to apply this trade-off in a clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27964125.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}