Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research最新文献

{"title":"Multimodal Adaptations to Expiratory Musculature-Targeted Resistance Training: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Young Adults.","authors":"Rahul Krishnamurthy, Douglas H Schultz, Yingying Wang, Sathish Kumar Natarajan, Steven M Barlow, Angela M Dietsch","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise-induced adaptations, including neuroplasticity, are well studied for physical exercise that targets skeletal muscles. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of targeted speech and swallowing exercises. The current study aimed to gather preliminary data on molecular and functional changes associated with the neuroplastic effects of 4-week expiratory musculature-targeted resistance training in healthy young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Five healthy young adult men aged between 19 and 35 years, <i>M</i> (<i>SD</i>) = 28.8 (2.68) years, underwent 4 weeks of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST). We measured changes in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels at baseline and posttraining conditions. Furthermore, functional and structural magnetic resonance images were obtained to investigate the neuroplastic effects of EMST. We analyzed the effects of training using a linear mixed model for each outcome, with fixed effects for baseline and posttraining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MEP and serum BDNF levels significantly increased posttraining. However, this effect was not observed for IGF-1. A significant increase in functional activation in eight regions was also observed posttraining. However, we did not observe significant changes in the white matter microstructure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary data from our study suggest targeted resistance training of expiratory muscles results in molecular and neuroplastic adaptations similar to exercise that targets skeletal muscles. Additionally, these results suggest that EMST could be a potential intervention to modulate (or prime) neurotrophic signaling pathways linked to functional strength gains and neuroplasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and Repeatability of an Abbreviated Auditory Perceptual and Cognitive Test Battery.","authors":"Dana Cherri, Erol J Ozmeral, Frederick J Gallun, Aaron R Seitz, David A Eddins","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00590","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Auditory perceptual and cognitive tasks can be useful as a long-term goal in guiding rehabilitation and intervention strategies in audiology clinics that mostly operate at a faster pace and on strict timelines. The rationale of this study was to assess test-retest reliability of an abbreviated test battery and evaluate age-related auditory perceptual and cognitive effects on these measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Experiment 1 evaluated the test-retest repeatability of an abbreviated test battery and its use in an adverse listening environment. Ten participants performed two visits, each including four conditions: quiet, background noise, external noise, and background mixed with external noise. In Experiment 2, both auditory perceptual and cognitive assessments were collected from younger adults with normal hearing and older adults with and without hearing loss. The full test battery included measures of frequency selectivity, temporal fine structure and envelope processing, spectrotemporal and spatial processing and cognition, and an external measure of tolerance to background noise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from Experiment 1 showed good test-retest repeatability and nonsignificant effects from background or external noise. In Experiment 2, effects of age and hearing loss were shown across auditory perceptual and cognitive measures, except in measures of temporal envelope perception and tolerance to background noise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data support the use of an abbreviated test battery in relatively uncontrolled listening environments such as clinic waiting rooms. With an efficient test battery, perceptual and cognitive deficits can be assessed with minimal resources and little clinician involvement due to the automated nature of the test and the use of consumer-grade technology.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28021070.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"719-739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocal and Facial Behavior During Affect Production in Autism Spectrum Disorder.","authors":"Hardik Kothare, Vikram Ramanarayanan, Michael Neumann, Jackson Liscombe, Vanessa Richter, Linnea Lampinen, Alison Bai, Cristian Preciado, Katherine Brogan, Carly Demopoulos","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00080","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We investigate the extent to which automated audiovisual metrics extracted during an affect production task show statistically significant differences between a cohort of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typically developing controls.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Forty children with ASD and 21 neurotypical controls interacted with a multimodal conversational platform with a virtual agent, Tina, who guided them through tasks prompting facial and vocal communication of four emotions-happy, angry, sad, and afraid-under conditions of high and low verbal and social cognitive task demands.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with ASD exhibited greater standard deviation of the fundamental frequency of the voice with the minima and maxima of the pitch contour occurring at an earlier time point as compared to controls. The intensity and voice quality of emotional speech were also different between the two cohorts in certain conditions. Additionally, facial metrics capturing the acceleration of the lower lip, lip width, eye opening, and vertical displacement of the eyebrows were also important markers to distinguish between children with ASD and neurotypical controls. Both facial and speech metrics performed well above chance in group classification accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Speech acoustic and facial metrics associated with affect production were effective in distinguishing between children with ASD and neurotypical controls.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28027796.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"419-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Task Interference in the Assessment of Listening Effort Before and After Cochlear Implantation in Adults: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Dorien Ceuleers, Ingeborg Dhooge, Nele Baudonck, Freya Swinnen, Katrien Kestens, Hannah Keppler","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00449","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the magnitude and direction of dual-task interference in a listening effort dual-task paradigm in individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss before and in the short- and long-term after cochlear implantation.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The study sample consisted of 26 adult candidates for cochlear implantation with severe-to-profound hearing loss. The dual-task paradigm consisted of a primary speech understanding task, conducted in a quiet condition, and a favorable and unfavorable noise condition on the one hand and a secondary visual memory task on the other hand. The dual-task effect for both tasks and the derived patterns of dual-task interference were determined. Participants were evaluated at four test moments: before cochlear implantation and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all listening conditions, a shift was observed from patterns of dual-task interference with worse and stable scores for the primary speech understanding task in the dual-task condition compared to the baseline condition before implantation, toward patterns in which stable or better scores were obtained, respectively, for the primary task in the dual-task condition after implantation. This indicates that more attention could be allocated to the primary speech understanding task during the dual-task condition after implantation, implying a decreased listening effort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A decreased listening effort was found after cochlear implantation. This study provides additional insights into the evolution of dual-task interference after cochlear implantation. It highlights the importance of interpreting both the primary and secondary tasks using a dual-task paradigm in the assessment of listening effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"779-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Identification of Language Disorders Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning: Challenges and Emerging Approaches.","authors":"Jessica M Lammert, Angela C Roberts, Ken McRae, Laura J Batterink, Blake E Butler","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00515","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Recent advances in artificial intelligence provide opportunities to capture and represent complex features of human language in a more automated manner, offering potential means of improving the efficiency of language assessment. This review article presents computerized approaches for the analysis of narrative language and identification of language disorders in children.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We first describe the current barriers to clinicians' use of language sample analysis, narrative language sampling approaches, and the data processing stages that precede analysis. We then present recent studies demonstrating the automated extraction of linguistic features and identification of developmental language disorder using natural language processing and machine learning. We explain how these tools operate and emphasize how the decisions made in construction impact their performance in important ways, especially in the analysis of child language samples. We conclude with a discussion of major challenges in the field with respect to bias, access, and generalizability across settings and applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the progress that has occurred over the last decade, computer-automated approaches offer a promising opportunity to improve the efficiency and accessibility of language sample analysis and expedite the diagnosis and treatment of language disorders in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"705-718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Recording Condition and Number of Monitored Days on the Discriminative Power of the Daily Phonotrauma Index.","authors":"Hamzeh Ghasemzadeh, Robert E Hillman, Jarrad H Van Stan, Daryush D Mehta","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00237","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Daily Phonotrauma Index (DPI) can quantify pathophysiological mechanisms associated with daily voice use in individuals with phonotraumatic vocal hyperfunction (PVH). Since DPI was developed based on weeklong ambulatory voice monitoring, this study investigated if DPI can achieve comparable performance using (a) short laboratory speech tasks and (b) fewer than 7 days of ambulatory data.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An ambulatory voice monitoring system recorded the vocal function/behavior of 134 females with PVH and vocally healthy matched controls in two different conditions. In the laboratory, the participants read the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage and produced spontaneous speech (in-lab data). They were then monitored for 7 days (in-field data). Separate DPI models were trained from the in-lab and in-field data using the standard deviation of the difference between the magnitude of the first two harmonics (H1-H2) and the skewness of neck-surface acceleration magnitude. First, 10-fold cross-validation evaluated the classification performance of the in-lab and in-field DPIs. Second, the effect of the number of ambulatory monitoring days on the accuracy of in-field DPI classification was quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average in-lab DPI accuracy computed from the Rainbow Passage and spontaneous speech were 57.9% and 48.9%, respectively, which are close to chance performance. The average classification accuracy of the in-field DPI was significantly higher with a very large effect size (73.4%, Cohen's <i>d</i> = 1.8). Next, the average in-field DPI accuracy increased from 66.5% for 1 day to 75.0% for 7 days, with the gain of including an additional day on accuracy dropping below 1 percentage point after 4 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DPI requires ambulatory monitoring data as its discriminative power diminished significantly once computed from short in-lab recordings. Additionally, ambulatory monitoring should sample multiple days to achieve robust performance. The result of this research note can be used to make an informed decision about the trade-off between classification accuracy and cost of data collection.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"518-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech Production of Mandarin Lexical Tones Among Canadian Elementary Students Enrolled in Mandarin-English Bilingual Schools.","authors":"Youran Lin, Karen E Pollock, Fangfang Li","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00150","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates how Mandarin-English bilingual students in Canada produce Mandarin tones and how this is influenced by factors such as tone complexity, cross-linguistic influences, and speech input.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were 82 students enrolled in a Chinese bilingual program in Western Canada. Students were recruited from Grades 1, 3, and 5 and divided into two groups based on their home language backgrounds: The heritage language group had early and strong input in Mandarin, and the second language (L2) group received mostly English input at home. Single-word tone productions were audio-recorded and transcribed by Mandarin-native listeners for match (accuracy) and pattern analyses. Acoustic measurements were extracted to provide phonetic details.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>First, Tone3 (dipping tone) was challenging across groups due to its complexity. Second, L2 students' productions were more influenced by English as a nontonal language and showed signs of categorical confusion. Third, increased tone match rates were related to both home input and school input, but bilingual students did not reach more than 90% of match rates in Grade 5. Instead, L2 students produced phonetic features less accurately in higher grades. This was attributed to reduced pronunciation instruction and limited home input.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bilingual students' speech development in a minority language indicates unique influences of home and school input but also the universal influences of tone complexity. This study provides evidence for bilingual speech theories in the suprasegmental domain and has implications for the pedagogy of a minority language in the context of bilingual education.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28098206.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"435-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross- and Within-Language Associations Between Phonological, Lexical, and Grammatical Domains in Mandarin-English Bilingual Preschoolers in Singapore.","authors":"Jiangling Zhou, Ziyin Mai, Elaine Lau, Connie Lum, Ai Ling Thian, Virginia Yip","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00310","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to examine the associations of phonological, lexical, and grammatical skills within and between languages in Mandarin-English bilingual preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Sixty-three Singaporean Mandarin-English bilingual children aged 3-5 years were assessed for articulation, receptive vocabulary, and receptive grammar using standardized instruments in English and compatible tools in Mandarin. Regression analyses were performed on each language outcome, with other language variables as predictors, controlling for age, nonverbal working memory, and home language environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phonological and grammatical skills in one language predicted corresponding skills in the other. Phonemes shared across languages showed higher accuracy rates compared to unshared phonemes, while accuracy varied across grammatical structures. Vocabulary did not correlate between languages. It was influenced by household language distribution, with Mandarin vocabulary also correlating with nonverbal working memory. Mandarin grammar positively correlated with the number of native Mandarin speakers at home. Within each language, phonological skills were predicted by vocabulary, while vocabulary and grammar were reciprocally predictive. Cross-language, cross-domain relationships were weak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study shows domain-specific cross-language associations and language-specific cross-domain associations in Mandarin-English bilingual children, indicating both interdependent and autonomous development. Our findings call for approaches that value the child's full linguistic repertoire and utilize interconnectedness between languages and language domains to enhance bi/multilingual competence. They also highlight the importance of assessing each of the child's languages and considering individual bilingual profiles in research on bilingual language development.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28200128.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"636-653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Developmental Language Disorder and Dyslexia in Schools: A Mixed-Methods Analysis.","authors":"Tim DeLuca, Katharine M Radville, Danika L Pfeiffer, Tiffany Hogan","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00202","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Interprofessional practice requires regular communication between professionals from different disciplines using shared terminology. Within schools, many professionals are tasked with supporting children with language disorders, namely, developmental language disorder (DLD) and/or dyslexia. Limited information exists as to (a) how school-based professionals' definitions of DLD and dyslexia align with research definitions, (b) how different school-based professionals define language disorders, (c) how school-based professionals' definitions of DLD and dyslexia align across professional groups, and (d) how one's definition of a language disorder correlates with other measures of knowledge.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this mixed-methods study, we analyzed 304 definitions of language disorders from school-based professionals using a summative content analysis process. We explored the relationship between definitions and knowledge of disorder characteristics and best practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data reflected limited alignment between professional and research definitions of DLD and dyslexia. Common misconceptions related to each disorder were prevalent among school-based professionals' definitions. There were differences between the extent to which professional groups' definitions aligned with research definitions of DLD and dyslexia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results highlight the need for shared terminology between professional groups and researchers to improve collaborative practices and to narrow the research-to-practice gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":"68 2","pages":"618-635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory Global-Local Processing Under Tonal Language Background: Effect of Attention and Autistic Traits.","authors":"Yu Chen, Ting Wang, Enze Tang, Hongwei Ding","doi":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00554","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2024_JSLHR-23-00554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Neurotypical individuals show a robust \"global precedence effect (GPE)\" when processing hierarchically structured visual information. However, the auditory domain remains understudied. The current research serves to fill the knowledge gap on auditory global-local processing across the broader autism phenotype under the tonal language background.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study examined auditory global-local processing styles in 37 Mandarin-speaking young adults (age: <i>M</i> = 20.35, <i>SD</i> = 2.32; 19 males) with varying autistic traits. The participants were required to judge global and local pitch structures in nine-tone melodies with both congruent and incongruent conditions under both directed attention and divided attention modes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that GPE persisted independent of the attention modes during hierarchical processing. Autistic traits were among the potential contributors that reshaped GPE in auditory global-local processing under a tonal language background.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides an initial investigation into auditory global-local processing among Mandarin-speaking individuals across a range of autistic traits, revealing the presence of the GPE effect during hierarchical pitch structure processing. The advantage of global processing versus local processing expanded with increasing autistic traits, providing further support for the notion that auditory global processing may remain intact in autism and the broader phenotype. We highlight that GPE is a process of coarse-to-fine integration of sensory perception and cognitive feedback iteration, which both top-down and bottom-up processes wield influence on. These findings have implications for the study of atypical auditory processing in autism and may help to refine the early diagnosis and auditory-based intervention for autism.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28114118.</p>","PeriodicalId":51254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research","volume":" ","pages":"762-778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}