Veterinary Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Insights of early feeding regime supplemented with glutamine and various levels of omega-3 in broiler chickens: growth performance, muscle building, antioxidant capacity, intestinal barriers health and defense against mixed <i>Eimeria spp</i> infection.","authors":"Asmaa T Y Kishawy, Reham A Abd El-Wahab, Fatma Eldemery, Mona Mohammed I Abdel Rahman, Saleh Altuwaijri, Rasha M M Ezz-Eldin, Ehab M Abd-Allah, Shimaa Zayed, Zohair S Mulla, Rasha B El Sharkawy, Shereen Badr, Wessam Youssef, Doaa Ibrahim","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2373287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early nutritional management approach greatly impacts broilers' performance and resistance against coccidiosis. The current study explored the impact of post-hatch feeding with a combination of glutamine (Glut) and different levels of omega-3 on broiler chickens' growth performance, muscle building, intestinal barrier, antioxidant ability and protection against avian coccidiosis. A total of six hundred Cobb 500 was divided into six groups: first group (fed basal diet and unchallenged (control) and challenged (negative control, NC) groups were fed a basal diet without additives, and the other groups were infected with <i>Eimeria spp</i> and supplemented with 1.5% Glut alone or with three different levels of omega-3 (0.25, 0.5 and 1%) during the starter period. Notable improvement in body weight gain was observed in the group which fed basal diet supplemented with glut and 1% omega 3 even after coccidia infection (increased by 25% compared challenged group) while feed conversion ratio was restored to control. Myogeneis was enhanced in the group supplemented with Glut and omega-3 (upregulation of myogenin, MyoD, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase and insulin like growth factor-1 and downregulating of myostatin genes). Groups supplemented with Glut and higher levels of omega-3 highly expressed occluding, mucin-2, junctional Adhesion Molecule 2, b-defensin-1 and cathelicidins-2 genes. Group fed 1% Glut + omega-3 showed an increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase and super oxide dismutase enzymes activities with reduced levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species and H₂O₂. Post-infection, dietary Glut and 1% omega-3 increased intestinal interleukin-10 (IL) and secretory immunoglobulin-A and serum lysozyme, while decreased the elevated inflammatory mediators comprising interleukin IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide (NO) and inducible NO synthase. Fecal oocyst excretion and lesions score severity were lowered in the group fed 1% Glut and omega 3. Based on these findings, dietary Glut and omega-3 supplementation augmented restored overall broilers' performance after coccidial challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11225632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141499607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in intestinal and renal Ca and P uptake in three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs.","authors":"Chenjian Li, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Qian Zhu, Yating Cheng, Jue Gui, Bo Song, Zhenlei Zhou, Xiangfeng Kong","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2371609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the differences in bone growth and turnover and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) uptake among three different breeds of growing-finishing pigs. Ninety healthy Duroc, Xiangcun black (XCB), and Taoyuan black (TYB) pigs (30 pigs per breed) at 35 day-old (D) with the average body weight (BW) of their respective breed were assigned and raised to 185 D. The results showed that Duroc pigs had higher bone weight and length than the XCB and TYB pigs at 80, 125, and 185 D and the bone index at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Duroc pigs had higher bone mineral densities (femur and tibia) compared with the other two breeds at 80 D and 125 D, whereas TYB pigs had higher mineral content and bone breaking load (rib) compared with the other two breeds at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteocalcin concentrations were higher, and TRACP5b concentration was lower in serum of TYB pigs at 125 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meanwhile, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, parathyroid hormone, thyroxine, and fibroblast growth factor 23 concentrations were higher in serum of TYB pigs at 185 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The TYB pigs had higher apparent total tract digestibility of P at 80 D and 185 D and bone Ca and P contents at 185 D in comparison to the Duroc pigs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expressions related to renal uptake of Ca and P differed among the three breeds of pigs. Collectively, Duroc pigs have higher bone growth, whereas TYB pigs have a higher potential for mineral deposition caused by more active Ca uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia in the period 2011-2022: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Thanh Trung Nguyen, Thi Ngan Mai, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger, Hu Suk Lee","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2300965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As COVID-19 has shown, pandemics and outbreaks of emerging infections such as Zika, Nipah, monkeypox and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, especially emerging zoonotic diseases, continue to occur and may even be increasing in Southeast Asia. In addition, these infections often result from environmental changes and human behaviour. Overall, public health surveillance to identify gaps in the literature and early warning signs are essential in this region. A systematic review investigated the prevalence of emerging zoonotic diseases over 11 years from 2011 to 2022 in Southeast Asia to understand the status of emerging zoonotic diseases, as well as to provide necessary actions for disease control and prevention in the region. During the 2011-2022 period, studies on pigs, poultry, ruminants, companion animals and wildlife in Southeast Asia were reviewed thoroughly to assess the quality of reporting items for inclusion in the systematic review. The review was performed on 26 studies of pigs, 6 studies of poultry, 21 studies of ruminants, 28 studies of companion animals and 25 studies of wildlife in Southeast Asia, which provide a snapshot of the prevalence of the emerging zoonotic disease across the country. The findings from the review showed that emerging zoonotic diseases were prevalent across the region and identified a few zoonotic diseases associated with poultry, mainly stemming from Cambodia and Vietnam, as high priority in Southeast Asia.<b>Clinical relevance</b>: Appropriate prevention and control measures should be taken to mitigate the emerging zoonotic diseases in Southeast Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10795789/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral activity of <i>Vigna radiata</i> extract against feline coronavirus <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Ai-Ai Chou, Chung-Hui Lin, Yen-Chen Chang, Hui-Wen Chang, Yi-Chen Lin, Chia-Chen Pi, Yao-Ming Kan, Hao-Fen Chuang, Hui-Wen Chen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2349665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2349665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal illness caused by a mutated feline coronavirus (FCoV). This disease is characterized by its complexity, resulting from systemic infection, antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), and challenges in accessing effective therapeutics. Extract derived from <i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) R. Wilczek (VRE) exhibits various pharmacological effects, including antiviral activity. This study aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of VRE against FCoV, addressing the urgent need to advance the treatment of FIP. We explored the anti-FCoV activity, antiviral mechanism, and combinational application of VRE by means of <i>in vitro</i> antiviral assays. Our findings reveal that VRE effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect induced by FCoV, reduced viral proliferation, and downregulated spike protein expression. Moreover, VRE blocked FCoV in the early and late infection stages and was effective under <i>in vitro</i> ADE infection. Notably, when combined with VRE, the polymerase inhibitor GS-441524 or protease inhibitor GC376 suppressed FCoV more effectively than monotherapy. In conclusion, this study characterizes the antiviral property of VRE against FCoV <i>in vitro</i>, and VRE possesses therapeutic potential for FCoV treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11078076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140873572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine parvovirus in North-East India: a phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis.","authors":"Kiran Jayappa, Tridib Kumar Rajkhowa, Satish S Gaikwad","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2408742","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2408742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) infection in dogs is considered as one of the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs and continues to occur with high incidence worldwide. Despite a single-stranded DNA virus, CPV-2 possesses a high mutation rate which has led to the development of new variants from time to time. These variants are classically classified based on the amino acid markers present in the VP2 gene. In this study, we examined 20 different cases of CPV-2 infection from seven different states of the North East region (NER) of India. The near-complete genome sequences of all these isolates were subjected to phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity and geographical spread of CPV-2 variants. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed residues characteristic of the 'Asian CPV-2c lineage' in all the 20 sequences confirming it as the dominant strain circulating in NER, India. The phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome showed that all 20 sequences formed a monophyletic clade together with other Asian CPV-2c sequences. Furthermore, phylogeographic analysis based on the VP2 gene showed the likely introduction of Asian CPV-2c strain to India from China. This study marks the first comprehensive report elucidating the molecular epidemiology of CPV-2 in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and sequence analysis of the RPO30 gene of sheeppox and goatpox viruses from India.","authors":"Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy, Krishnappa Sumana, Revanaiah Yogisharadhya, Hosakote Venkatappa Mohan, Vijaykumar Kolar Lavanya, Basavarajappa Harlipura Chethankumar, Nayakwadi Shivasharanappa, Mani Saminathan, Sajjanar Basavaraj, Kuldeep Dhama, Shivachandra Bhadravati Sathish","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331524","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2331524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sheeppox and goatpox are transboundary viral diseases of sheep and goats that cause significant economic losses to small and marginal farmers worldwide, including India. Members of the genus <i>Capripoxvirus</i> (CaPV), namely Sheeppox virus (SPPV), Goatpox virus (GTPV), and Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), are antigenically similar, and species differentiation can only be accomplished using molecular approaches. The present study aimed to understand the molecular epidemiology and host specificity of SPPV and GTPV circulating in India through sequencing and structural analysis of the RNA polymerase subunit-30 kDa (<i>RPO30</i>) gene. A total of 29 field isolates from sheep (<i>n</i> = 19) and goats (<i>n</i> = 10) belonging to different geographical regions of India during the period: Year 2015 to 2023, were analyzed based on the sequence and structure of the full-length <i>RPO30</i> gene/protein. Phylogenetically, all the CaPV isolates were separated into three major clusters: SPPV, GTPV, and LSDV. Multiple sequence alignment revealed a highly conserved <i>RPO30</i> gene, with a stretch of 21 nucleotide deletion in all SPPV isolates. Additionally, the <i>RPO30</i> gene of the Indian SPPV and GTPV isolates possessed several species-specific conserved signature residues/motifs that could act as genotyping markers. Secondary structure analysis of the <i>RPO30</i> protein showed four α-helices, two loops, and three turns, similar to that of the E4L protein of vaccinia virus (VACV). All the isolates in the present study exhibited host preferences across different states of India. Therefore, in order to protect vulnerable small ruminants from poxviral infections, it is recommended to take into consideration a homologous vaccination strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10964832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the seroprevalence to equine coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2 in healthy adult horses recently imported to the United States.","authors":"Nicola Pusterla, Kaila Lawton, Samantha Barnum","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2288876","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2288876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adult horses are susceptible to equine coronavirus (ECoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), although, only ECoV has been linked to clinical disease. Little information is available regarding the seroprevalence against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 in adult healthy horses. The goal of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence against two coronaviruses known to infect horses using convenience samples collected from horses recently imported from Europe to the United States from 2019 to 2023. A total of 385 banked serum samples were tested against ECoV and SARS-CoV-2 using previously validated ELISA assays. Prevalence factors including date of arrival in the United States, signalment and country of origin were available for the majority of the horses. A total of 9/385 (2.3%) and 4/385 (1.0%) horses tested seropositive for ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The ECoV seropositive horses were all mares, ages 4 to 26 years (median 9 years) and originated from Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland, Belgium and Italy. These mares were predominantly imported during the summer and fall months. All SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were mares ages 5 to 10 years (median 7.5 years) imported from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The majority of the SARS-CoV-2 seropositive horses were imported during the colder months of the year. The study results support the presence of ECoV in Europe and report on the first SARS-CoV-2 seropositive healthy adult horses outside the United States. Commingling for movements by air and close contact to humans may predispose transmission with ECoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10949836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles secreted by equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with transforming growth factor β-1 are enriched in anti-fibrotic miRNAs and inhibit the expression of fibrotic genes in an in vitro system of endometrial stromal cells fibrosis.","authors":"Yat Sen Wong, Ana Carolina Mançanares, Felipe Navarrete, Pamela Poblete, Lídice Mendez-Pérez, Joel Cabezas, Gonzalo Riadi, Lleretny Rodríguez-Alvarez, Fidel Ovidio Castro","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2384906","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2384906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mare endometrosis is a major reproductive problem associated with low fertility and is characterized by persistent inflammation, TGFβ-1 signaling, and consequently, extracellular matrix deposition, which compromises endometrial glands. Mesenchymal stem cell-based products (MSCs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained attention due to the regulatory effects exerted by their miRNA cargo. Here, we evaluated the impact of preconditioning equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with TGFβ-1 for short or long periods on the anti-fibrotic properties of secreted extracellular vesicles. MSCs were isolated from six healthy horses and exposed to TGFβ-1 for 4, 24, and 0 h. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic miRNAs and mRNAs in treated cells and miRNAs in the cargo of secreted extracellular vesicles was measured. The resulting EVs were added for 48 h to endometrial stromal cells previously induced to a fibrotic status. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic genes and miRNAs was evaluated in said cells using qPCR and next-generation sequencing. Preconditioning MSCs with TGFβ-1 for 4 h enriched the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (mir29c, mir145, and mir200) in cells and EVs. Conversely, preconditioning the cells for 24 h leads to a pro-fibrotic phenotype overexpressing mir192 and mir433. This finding might have implications for developing an EV-based protocol to treat endometrial fibrosis in mares.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141861601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and quantification of <i>Brucella abortus</i> DNA in water buffaloes (<i>bubalus bubalis</i>) using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"Giovanna Fusco, Lorena Cardillo, Ornella Valvini, Alessia Pucciarelli, Gerardo Picazio, Anna Cerrone, Michele Napoletano, Roberta Pellicanò, Maria Ottaiano, Claudio de Martinis, Francesca De Falco, Anna Cutarelli, Emanuela Sannino, Giorgia Borriello, Manuela Tittarelli, Sante Roperto, Esterina De Carlo","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2390944","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2390944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brucellosis represents a major public health concern worldwide. Human transmission is mainly due to the consumption of unpasteurized milk and dairy products of infected animals. The gold standard for the diagnosis of <i>Brucella</i> spp in ruminants is the bacterial isolation, but it is time-consuming. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a quicker and more sensitive technique than bacterial culture. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a novel molecular assay showing high sensitivity in samples with low amount of DNA and lower susceptibility to amplification inhibitors. Present study aimed to develop a ddPCR protocol for the detection of <i>Brucella abortus</i> in buffalo tissue samples. The protocol was validated using proficiency test samples for <i>Brucella</i> spp by real time qPCR. Furthermore, 599 tissue samples were examined. Among reference materials, qPCR and ddPCR demonstrated same performance and were able to detect up to 225 CFU/mL. Among field samples, ddPCR showed higher sensitivity (100%), specificity and accuracy of 93.4% and 94.15%, respectively. ddPCR could be considered a promising technique to detect <i>B. abortus</i> in veterinary specimens, frequently characterized by low amount of bacteria, high diversity in matrices and species and poor storage conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11328813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, optimal dosages and withdrawal time of amoxicillin in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) reared at 25 and 30 °C.","authors":"Tirawat Rairat, Yi-Ping Lu, Wan-Cih Ho, Hual-Jhong Ke, Chi-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2396573","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2024.2396573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of amoxicillin (AMX) pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue residues in fish, which is necessary for prudent drug use, remains limited. The study aimed to explore the PK characteristics of AMX in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) reared at 25 and 30 °C as well as to determine optimal dosages and drug withdrawal time (WDT). In the PK investigation, the fish received a single dose of 40 mg/kg AMX <i>via</i> oral gavage, and the optimal dosage was determined by the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach. In the tissue residue study, the fish were orally gavaged with 40 mg/kg/day AMX once daily for 5 days and the WDT was established by the linear regression analysis. The results revealed the temperature-dependent drug elimination; the clearance relative to bioavailability (CL/F) and elimination half-life at 30 °C (0.180 L/kg/h and 6.06 h, respectively) were about twice those at 25 °C (0.090 L/kg/h and 10.49 h, respectively). The optimal dosages at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL were 10.97 (25 °C) and 41.03 (30 °C) mg/kg/day, respectively. Finally, following the multiple oral administration, the muscle/skin residue of AMX on day 1 after the last dosing at 25 and 30 °C were 548 and 264 ng/g, respectively. The average tissue residues were depleted below the maximum residue limits (MRL) of 50 μg/kg on day 5 (25 °C) and 3 (30 °C), respectively, and the WDT were 6 and 4 days when rearing at 25 and 30 °C, respectively. This knowledge serves as a practical guideline for responsible use of AMX in treating bacterial diseases in Nile tilapia aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11360631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}