Veterinary Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"The effect of epigallocatechin gallate on laying performance, egg quality, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic metabolome of laying ducks reared in high temperature condition.","authors":"Yang Liu, Xu Zhang, Yaling Yao, Xuan Huang, Chuang Li, Ping Deng, Guitao Jiang, Qiuzhong Dai","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2280041","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2280041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a main component in green tea extract, which possesses multiple bioactivities. The present research studied the effects of EGCG on the laying performance, egg quality, immune status, antioxidant capacity, and hepatic metabolome of <i>Linwu</i> laying ducks reared under high temperature. A total of 180 42-w-old healthy <i>Linwu</i> laying ducks were allocated into control or EGCG-treated groups. Each treatment had 6 replicates with 15 ducks in each replicate. Diets for the two groups were basal diets supplemented with 0 or 300 mg/kg EGCG, respectively. All ducks were raised in the high temperature condition (35 ± 2 °C for 6 h from 10:00 to 16:00, and 28 ± 2 °C for the other 18 h from 16:00 to 10:00 the next day) for 21 days. Results showed that EGCG increased the egg production rate (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and enhanced the immunocompetence by improving serum levels of immunoglobulin A (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and immunoglobulin G (<i>p</i> = 0.006). EGCG also fortified the antioxidant capacity by activating superoxide dismutase (<i>p</i> = 0.012), catalase (<i>p</i> = 0.009), and glutathione peroxidase (<i>p</i> = 0.021), and increasing the level of heat-shock protein 70 (<i>p</i> = 0.003) in laying ducks' liver. At the same time, hepatic metabolomics result suggested that EGCG increased the concentration of several key metabolites, such as spermidine (<i>p</i> = 0.031), tetramethylenediamine (<i>p</i> = 0.009), hyoscyamine (<i>p</i> = 0.026), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (<i>p</i> = 0.038), and pantothenic acid (<i>p</i> = 0.010), which were involved in the metabolic pathways of glutathione metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, and tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. In conclusion, 300 mg/kg dietary EGCG showed protection effects on the laying ducks reared in high temperature by improving the immune and antioxidant capacities, which contributed to the increase of laying performance of ducks. The potential mechanism could be that EGCG modulate the synthesis of key metabolites and associated metabolic pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of age, habitat elevation, and distance to a thermal power plant on pathomorphological findings in the European brown hare (<i>Lepuseuropaeus</i> P.).","authors":"Darko Marinković, Renata Relić, Nada Lakić, Milan Aničić, Dejan Beuković, Vesna Davidović, Vukan Lavadinović, Zoran Popović","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2273887","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2273887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lifespan of the European hare (Lepus europaeus P.) is affected by a number of negative factors, including pollutants. In this paper, the individual and joint influence of age and habitat (elevation and distance from the thermal power plant - TPP) on pathomorphological findings of hares shot during three hunting seasons was investigated. Pathomorphological changes were found in 95.12% of hares. In hares up to 1 year of age, the changes were predominant in the lungs, and in older hares, in the kidneys. Degenerative changes in kidneys and liver and inflammatory changes in kidneys and lungs were considered important most in discussing the influence of chemical pollution. The proximity of TPP influenced the type of changes in the liver. A significant joint effect of age and elevation on the type of changes in the lungs of adult hares and on the heart of young hares was found. Elevation and distance from TPP had a joint effect on the occurrence of changes in the lungs, intestines, and heart in hares from the field farther from TPP. The results indicate that the hares were highly exposed to chemical pollutants that may affect their immunity, and lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling the alterations of serum proteome in dairy cows with retained placenta using high-throughput tandem mass tags quantitative approach.","authors":"Anđelo Beletić, Josipa Kuleš, Dina Rešetar Maslov, Vladimir Farkaš, Ivana Rubić, Blanka Beer Ljubić, Dražen Đuričić, Damir Žubčić, Marko Samardžija, Vladimir Mrljak","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2164908","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2164908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retained placenta (RP), a quite common disorder in dairy cows, shows a high negative impact on their health status and milk production.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the difference in the serum proteome between the cows with RP and the physiologic puerperium (PP).</p><p><strong>Material & methods: </strong>Analysis of serum samples from nine cows with RP and six with PP using high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry approach. The proteins differing in the relative abundance between the PP and RP groups were classified using the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationship tool. For the pathway enrichment analysis, the REACTOME tool, with the human genome as the background, was employed. The criterion for significance was the false discovery rate corrected P-value less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total 651 proteins were identified with altered relative abundance of ten proteins. Among them, seven had higher, and three showed lower relative abundance in RP than in the PP group. The differently abundant proteins participated in 15 pathways: six related to hemostasis, three involved in lipoprotein metabolism, and the remaining ones associated with for instance redox homeostasis, post-translational modification, and scavenging. Finally, the validation of the proteomic results showed that haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels reliably differentiated between the RP and PP groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pattern of serum proteome alterations in the cows with RP mirrored several interplaying mechanisms underlying the systematic response to the presence of RP, therefore representing a source to mine for predictive or prognostic biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10603114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tularemia - a re-emerging disease with growing concern.","authors":"Rinku Sharma, Rajendra Damu Patil, Birbal Singh, Sandip Chakraborty, Deepak Chandran, Kuldeep Dhama, Devi Gopinath, Gauri Jairath, Ajayta Rialch, Gorakh Mal, Putan Singh, Wanpen Chaicumpa, G Saikumar","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2277753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2277753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tularemia caused by Gram-negative, coccobacillus bacterium, <i>Francisella tularensis,</i> is a highly infectious zoonotic disease. Human cases have been reported mainly from the United States, Nordic countries like Sweden and Finland, and some European and Asian countries. Naturally, the disease occurs in several vertebrates, particularly lagomorphs. Type A (subspecies <i>tularensis</i>) is more virulent and causes disease mainly in North America; type B (subspecies <i>holarctica</i>) is widespread, while subspecies <i>mediasiatica</i> is present in central Asia. <i>F. tularensis</i> is a possible bioweapon due to its lethality, low infectious dosage, and aerosol transmission. Small mammals like rabbits, hares, and muskrats are primary sources of human infections, but true reservoir of <i>F. tularensis</i> is unknown. Vector-borne tularemia primarily involves ticks and mosquitoes. The bacterial subspecies involved and mode of transmission determine the clinical picture. Early signs are flu-like illnesses that may evolve into different clinical forms of tularemia that may or may not include lymphadenopathy. Ulcero-glandular and glandular forms are acquired by arthropod bite or handling of infected animals, oculo-glandular form as a result of conjunctival infection, and oro-pharyngeal form by intake of contaminated food or water. Pulmonary form appears after inhalation of bacteria. Typhoidal form may occur after infection <i>via</i> different routes. Human-to-human transmission has not been known. Diagnosis can be achieved by serology, bacterial culture, and molecular methods. Treatment for tularemia typically entails use of quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid infection although difficult to implement. Research is underway for the development of effective live attenuated and subunit vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10732219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71428951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individuality really matters for fish welfare.","authors":"Caroline Marques Maia","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2270653","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2270653","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41240752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus detection in blood and tissue samples of cats with lymphoma.","authors":"Chutchai Piewbang, Sabrina Wahyu Wardhani, Jedsada Siripoonsub, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Anudep Rungsipipat, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2265172","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2265172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH), a relative hepatitis B virus (HBV) in human, has been recently identified in cats; however, association of DCH infection with lymphoma in cats is not investigated. To determine the association between DCH infection and feline lymphoma, seven hundred and seventeen cats included 131 cats with lymphoma (68 blood and 63 tumor samples) and 586 (526 blood and 60 lymph node samples) cats without lymphoma. DCH DNA was investigated in blood and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The FFPE lymphoma tissues were immunohistochemically subtyped, and the localization of DCH in lymphoma sections was investigated using <i>in situ</i> hybridization (ISH). Feline retroviral infection was investigated in the DCH-positive cases. DCH DNA was detected in 16.18% (11/68) (<i>p</i> = 0.002; odds ratio [OR], 5.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.33-11.36) of blood and 9.52% (6/63) (<i>p</i> = 0.028; OR, 13.68; 95% CI, 0.75-248.36) of neoplastic samples obtained from lymphoma cats, whereas only 3.61% (19/526) of blood obtained from non-lymphoma cats was positive for DCH detection. Within the DCH-positive lymphoma, in 3/6 cats, feline leukemia virus was co-detected, and in 6/6 were B-cell lymphoma (<i>p</i> > 0.9; OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.09-37.89) and were multicentric form (<i>p</i> = 0.008; OR, 1.327; 95% CI, 0.06-31.18). DCH was found in the CD79-positive pleomorphic cells. Cats with lymphoma were more likely to be positive for DCH than cats without lymphoma, and infection associated with lymphoma development needs further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b8/6b/TVEQ_43_2265172.PMC10563604.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetes mellitus drug discovery: insights into targeting feline and human amylin with small molecules.","authors":"Kendall B E Moore,&nbsp;Natalie G Horgan,&nbsp;Brooke Lenters,&nbsp;Jessica S Fortin","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2260442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2260442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a health concern for both humans and cats, with cases rising over the past decade. Around 70% of patients from either species exhibit pancreatic aggregates of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a protein that proves toxic upon misfolding. These misfolded protein aggregates congregate in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, diminishing the capability of β-cells to produce insulin and further perpetuating disease.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Our team's drug discovery program is investigating newly synthesized compounds that could diminish aggregates of both human and feline IAPP, potentially disrupting the progression of T2D.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We prepared 24 compounds derived from diaryl urea, as ureas have previously demonstrated great potential at reducing accumulations of misfolded proteins. Biophysical methods were employed to analyze the anti-aggregation activity of these compounds at inhibiting and/or disrupting IAPP fibril formation <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate that compounds <b>12</b> and <b>24</b> were most effective at reducing the fibrillization and aggregation of both human and feline IAPP. When compared with the control for each experiment, samples treated with either compound <b>12</b> or <b>24</b> exhibited fewer accumulations of amyloid-like fibrils.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Urea-based compounds, such as compounds <b>12</b> and <b>24</b>, may prove crucial in future pre-clinical studies in the search for therapeutics for T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/91/ea/TVEQ_43_2260442.PMC10557562.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-resolution melting analysis for simultaneous detection and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of feline calicivirus.","authors":"Kannika Phongroop, Jatuporn Rattanasrisomporn, Sahatchai Tangtrongsup, Anudep Rungsipipat, Chutchai Piewbang, Somporn Techangamsuwan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2272188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application in a single closed tube, is the straightforward method for simultaneous detection, genotyping, and mutation scanning, enabling more significant dynamic detection and sequencing-free turnaround time. This study aimed to establish a combined reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and HRM (RT-qPCR-HRM) assay for diagnosing and genotyping feline calicivirus (FCV). This developed method was validated with constructed FCV plasmids, clinical swab samples from living cats, fresh-frozen lung tissues from necropsied cats, and four available FCV vaccines. We performed RT-qPCR to amplify a 99-base pair sequence, targeting a segment between open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2. Subsequently, the HRM assay was promptly applied using Rotor-Gene Q® Software. The results significantly revealed simultaneous detection and genetic discrimination between commercially available FCV vaccine strains, wild-type Thai FCV strains, and VS-FCV strains within a single PCR reaction. There was no cross-reactivity with other feline common viruses, including feline herpesvirus-1, feline coronavirus, feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and feline morbillivirus. The detection limit of the assay was 6.18 × 10¹ copies/µl. This study, therefore, is the first demonstration of the uses and benefits of the RT-qPCR-HRM assay for FCV detection and strain differentiation in naturally infected cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular surveillance of potential SARS-CoV-2 reservoir hosts in wildlife rehabilitation centers.","authors":"Juan Mena, Christian Hidalgo, Daniela Estay-Olea, Nicole Sallaberry-Pincheira, Antonella Bacigalupo, André V Rubio, Diego Peñaloza, Carolina Sánchez, Javiera Gómez-Adaros, Valeria Olmos, Javier Cabello, Kendra Ivelic, María José Abarca, Diego Ramírez-Álvarez, Marisol Torregrosa Rocabado, Natalia Durán Castro, Martina Carreño, Gabriela Gómez, Pedro E Cattan, Galia Ramírez-Toloza, Sofía Robbiano, Carla Marchese, Eduardo Raffo, Paulina Stowhas, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel, Carlos Landaeta-Aqueveque, René Ortega, Etienne Waleckx, Daniel Gónzalez-Acuña, Gemma Rojo","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2164909","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2164909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has become the most devastating zoonotic event in recent times, with negative impacts on both human and animal welfare as well as on the global economy. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered a human virus, it likely emerged from animals, and it can infect both domestic and wild animals. This constitutes a risk for human and animal health including wildlife with evidence of SARS-CoV-2 horizontal transmission back and forth between humans and wild animals.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Molecular surveillance in different wildlife rehabilitation centers and wildlife associated institutions in Chile, which are critical points of animal-human interaction and wildlife conservation, especially since the aim of wildlife rehabilitation centers is to reintroduce animals to their original habitat.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The survey was conducted in six WRCs and three wildlife associated institutions. A total of 185 samples were obtained from 83 individuals belonging to 15 different species, including vulnerable and endangered species. Each specimen was sampled with two different swabs: one oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal according to the nostril diameter, and/or a second rectal sample. RNA was extracted from the samples and two different molecular assays were performed: first, a conventional RT-PCR with pan-coronavirus primers and a second SARS-CoV-2 qPCR targeting the N and S genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 185 samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study constitutes the first report on the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 from wildlife treated in rehabilitation centers in Chile, and supports the biosafety procedures adopted in those centers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9858396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10628890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of circovirus immunosuppression and pathogenesis with a focus on porcine circovirus 2: a review.","authors":"Enikő Fehér, Ferenc Jakab, Krisztián Bányai","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2234430","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2234430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by which circoviruses, including the most studied porcine circovirus 2, and other mammalian and avian circoviruses, trigger their own replication and confound the hosts' immune response. At different stages of infection, from latent state to disease induction, these viruses markedly influence the cellular signaling pathways. Circoviruses have been found to interfere with interferon and proinflammatory cytokine producing and responsive pathways. Apoptotic processes, altered cellular transport and constraint of the mitotic phase all support the viral replication. The cytokine imbalance and lymphocyte depletion, thus the impaired immunity, favors invasion of super- or co-infecting agents, which in concert with circoviruses induce illnesses with increased severity. The information summarized in this review point out the diversity of host and viral factors involved in the mechanisms of disease progression during circovirus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/25/TVEQ_43_2234430.PMC10367577.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9873617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}