Veterinary Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Faecal metabolome responses to an altered dietary protein:carbohydrate ratio in adult dogs.","authors":"Yang Lyu,&nbsp;Jia Xu,&nbsp;Fien Verdoodt,&nbsp;Lynn Vanhaecke,&nbsp;Lieselot Y Hemeryck,&nbsp;Myriam Hesta","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2273891","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2273891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-protein diets may aid weight loss and weight maintenance programs in both humans and dogs, although the effect of dietary protein levels on gut metabolism and functionality has not been studied in depth. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of an altered dietary protein:carbohydrate ratio on gut function in adult dogs by means of faecal metabolomic fingerprinting. More specifically, functional metabolic differences in dogs fed a high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HPLC) <i>vs.</i> low-protein/high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet were studied by equally allocating twelve clinically healthy (6 lean and 6 obese) Beagles into two groups in a cross-over design, with each group receiving two isocaloric diets for four weeks. The faecal metabolome revealed that different protein:carbohydrate ratio can influence host and/or gut microbiome metabolism and function, while no effect was observed on the body condition. Targeted analysis demonstrated that the HPLC diet significantly increased the concentration of indole, spermidine, and pipecolinic acid and decreased the concentration of azelaic acid, D-fructose, mannose, and galactose (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariate modelling (OPLS-DA) of the untargeted faecal metabolome revealed distinctly different metabolomic profiles following the HPLC <i>vs.</i> LPHC diet, with 18 altered pathways. The HPLC diet influenced amino acid and lipid metabolism, potentially promoting weight loss and immune function, whereas the LPHC diet affected carbohydrate fermentation and may promote anti-oxidative function.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathological changes of highly pathogenic <i>Bacillus cereus</i> on <i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>.","authors":"Zidong Xiao, Mengmeng Cheng, Xiaowei Hu, Mingyang Xue, Nan Jiang, Wei Liu, Yuding Fan, Yan Meng, Chen Xu, Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2287191","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2287191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of a disease with a high mortality rate occurred in a Chinese Softshell Turtle (<i>Pelodiscus sinensis</i>) farm in Hubei Province. This study isolated a highly pathogenic <i>Bacillus cereus</i> strain (Y271) from diseased <i>P. sinensis</i>. Y271 has <i>β</i> hemolysis, containing both Hemolysin BL (<i>hblA</i>, <i>hblC,</i> and <i>hblD</i>), Non-hemolytic enterotoxin, NHE (<i>nheA</i>, <i>nheB,</i> and <i>nheC</i>), and Enterotoxin FM (<i>entFM</i>) genes. Y271 is highly pathogenic against <i>P. sinensis</i> with an LD₅₀ = 6.80 × 10³ CFU/g weight. <i>B. cereus</i> was detected in multiple tissues of the infected <i>P. sinensis</i>. Among them, spleen tissue showed the highest copy number density (1.54 ± 0.12 × 10⁴ copies/mg). Multiple tissues and organs of diseased <i>P. sinensis</i> exhibited significant pathological damage, especially the spleen, liver, kidney, and intestine. It showed obvious tissue structure destruction, lesions, necrosis, red blood cells, and inflammatory cell infiltration. <i>B. cereus</i> proliferating in the spleen, liver, and other tissues was observed. The intestinal microbiota of the diseased <i>P. sinensis</i> was altered, with a greater abundance of Firmicutes, Fusobacterium, and Actinomyces than in the healthy group. <i>Allobaculum</i>, <i>Rothia</i>, <i>Aeromonas,</i> and <i>Clostridium</i> abundance were higher in the diseased group than in the healthy group. The number of unique microbial taxa (472) in the disease group was lower than that of the healthy group (705). Y271 was sensitive to multiple drugs, including florfenicol, enrofloxacin, neomycin, and doxycycline. <i>B. cereus</i> is the etiological agent responsible for the massive death of <i>P. sinensis</i> and reveals its potential risks during <i>P. sinensis</i> cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11003482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138446989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic and wild animal samples and diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Megan R Miller,&nbsp;Elias Braun,&nbsp;Hon S Ip,&nbsp;Gregory H Tyson","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2263864","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2263864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the first cases in 2019, COVID-19 infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have resulted in over 6 million human deaths in a worldwide pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is commonly spread from human to human through close contact and is capable of infecting both humans and animals. Worldwide, there have been over 675 animal outbreaks reported that resulted in over 2000 animal infections including domestic and wild animals. As the role of animal infections in the transmission, pathogenesis, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is still unfolding, accurate and reliable animal diagnostic tests are critical to aid in managing both human and animal health. This review highlights key animal samples and the three main diagnostic approaches used for animal testing: PCR, serology, and Next Generation Sequencing. Diagnostic results help inform (often difficult) clinical decision-making, but also possible ways to mitigate spread among pets, food supplies, or wildlife. A One Health approach has been key to monitoring the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as consistent human-animal interactions can lead to novel variants. Having multiple animal diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 available is critical to ensure human, animal, and environmental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of serum amyloid a within animal species focusing on the 1-25 amino acid region.","authors":"Natalie G Horgan,&nbsp;Kendall B E Moore,&nbsp;Jessica S Fortin","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2267605","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2267605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AA amyloidosis, characterized by the misfolding of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein, is the most common amyloid protein disorder across multiple species. SAA is a positive-acute phase protein synthesized by the liver in response to inflammation or stress, and it normally associates with high-density lipoprotein at its N-terminus. In this study, we focused on the 1-25 amino acid (aa) region of the complete 104 aa SAA sequence to examine the aggregation propensity of AA amyloid. A library comprising eight peptides from different species was assembled for analysis. To access the aggregation propensity of each peptide region, a bioinformatic study was conducted using the algorithm TANGO. Congo red (CR) binding assays, Thioflavin T (ThT) assays, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to evaluate whether the synthesized peptides formed amyloid-like fibrils. All synthetic SAA 1-25 congeners resulted in amyloid-like fibrils formation (per CR and/or ThT staining and TEM detection) at the exception of the ferret SAA1-25 fragment, which generated plaque-like materials by TEM. Ten residues were preserved among SAA 1-25 congeners resulting in amyloid-like fibrils, i.e. F6, E9, A10, G13, D16, M17, A20, Y21, D23, and M24. Amino acid residues highlighted by this study may have a role in increasing the propensity for amyloid-like fibril formation. This study put an emphasis on region 1-25 in the mechanism of SAA1 misfolding.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10614707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41173917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple roles of LncRNA-BMNCR on cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting miR-145/CBFB axis in BMECs.","authors":"Yujia Sun,&nbsp;Tianqi Zhao,&nbsp;Yaoyao Ma,&nbsp;Xinyi Wu,&nbsp;Shuangfeng Chu,&nbsp;Zhangping Yang","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine mastitis is one of the most serious and costly disease affecting dairy cattle production. The present study explored the inflammatory response and autoprotective mechanism of a novel specific high expression BMNCR (bovine mastitis related long non-coding RNA) in <i>S. aureus</i> induced mastitis by miR-145/CBFB axis in dairy cows from the perspective of molecular genetics. In bovine mammary epithelial cells, we preformed loss of function experiments to detect changes in cytokine, proliferation and apoptosis by qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and EdU staining. The results demonstrated that BMNCR significantly increased cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. However, the secretion of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were enhanced after knock-down BMNCR. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that BMNCR could target 8 miRNAs, in-depth analyses indicated that BMNCR acts as a molecular sponge for bta-miR-145 and CBFB was one of 23 target gene of bta-miR-145 . The results of the present study demonstrated that the role of BMNCR in <i>S. aureus</i> induced mastitis can be mediated by sponge bta-miR-145 activating CBFB expression. BMNCR could be a potential target for mastitis diagnosis and therapy, which may enrich the theoretical research of therapeutic intervention, and further increase milk yield and improve milk quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/99/TVEQ_43_2262525.PMC10566406.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A farewell message of the <i>editor-in-chief</i>.","authors":"Han van der Kolk","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2231520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2023.2231520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10337484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass mortality event in South American sea lions (<i>Otaria flavescens</i>) correlated to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in Chile.","authors":"Mauricio Ulloa, Antonio Fernández, Naomi Ariyama, Ana Colom-Rivero, Carlos Rivera, Paula Nuñez, Paola Sanhueza, Magdalena Johow, Hugo Araya, Juan Carlos Torres, Paola Gomez, Gabriela Muñoz, Belén Agüero, Raúl Alegría, Rafael Medina, Victor Neira, Eva Sierra","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2265173","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2265173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Chile, since January 2023, a sudden and pronounced increase in strandings and mortality has been observed among South American (SA) sea lions (Otaria flavescens), prompting significant concern. Simultaneously, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1) in avian species has emerged since December 2022. To investigate the cause of this unexpected mortality, we conducted a comprehensive epidemiological and pathologic study. One hundred sixty-nine SA sea lions were sampled to ascertain their HPAIV H5N1 status, and long-term stranding trends from 2009 to 2023 were analyzed. In addition, two animals were necropsied. Remarkably, a significant surge in SA sea lion strandings was observed initiating in January 2023 and peaking in June 2023, with a count of 4,545 stranded and deceased animals. Notably, this surge in mortality correlates geographically with HPAIV outbreaks affecting wild birds. Among 168 sampled SA sea lions, 34 (20%) tested positive for Influenza A virus, and 21 confirmed for HPAIV H5N1 2.3.4.4b clade in tracheal/rectal swab pools. Clinical and pathological evaluations of the two necropsied stranded sea lions revealed prevalent neurological and respiratory signs, including disorientation, tremors, ataxia, and paralysis, as well as acute dyspnea, tachypnea, profuse nasal secretion, and abdominal breathing. The lesions identified in necropsied animals aligned with observed clinical signs. Detection of the virus <i>via</i> immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time PCR in the brain and lungs affirmed the findings. The findings provide evidence between the mass mortality occurrences in SA sea lions and HPAIV, strongly indicating a causal relationship. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41157393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental validation of a novel multiple genotyping assay with 24 Canine STR loci.","authors":"Weian Du,&nbsp;Xueyuan Liu,&nbsp;Litao Huang,&nbsp;Yangyang Zheng,&nbsp;Weibin Wu,&nbsp;Qian Huang,&nbsp;Tao Li,&nbsp;Rongxing Wei,&nbsp;Qianyong Yang,&nbsp;Shiying Deng,&nbsp;Jin Liao,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Ling Chen","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262521","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine individual identification and parentage testing are essential in various fields, including forensics and breeding programs. This study aimed to develop and validate the Canine 25 A kit, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system designed to address these critical requirements. This novel system enables the simultaneous amplification of 24 canine autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci and one sex-determining marker. Validation of the Canine 25 A kit was conducted following the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines, demonstrating significant sensitivity, high inhibitor tolerance, canine specificity within a mixture, species specificity, and precision in genotype determination. The Canine 25 A kit was crucial in resolving several forensic cases, such as casework samples from a dog attack incident and parentage determination. Its effectiveness in genotyping these samples highlights its significance in forensic applications. Population genetic parameter analysis revealed a high discriminatory power, as indicated by the calculated combined discrimination power (CDP) values for each breed exceeding 0.999 999 999 999, while the combined power of exclusion (CPE) surpassed 0.9999. Overall, the Canine 25 A kit offers a precise and dependable tool for canine individual identification and parentage determination.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/5e/TVEQ_43_2262521.PMC10591528.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of grape (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>) seed extract on egg production traits, nutrients digestability, lipid peroxidation and fertility of golden laying hens (<i>Gallus gallus</i>) during early stage of production.","authors":"Abdul Hafeez, Shah Faisal Hassni, Shabana Naz, Rasha Alonaizan, Rasha K Al-Akeel, Dai Sifa, Shamsuddin Shamsi, Rifat Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262543","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2023.2262543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grape by-products represent outstanding alternatives to replace conventional and unsustainable feed sources, given the substantial quantities generated annually by the winery industry. Regrettably, the majority of these by-products are wasted, resulting in significant environmental and economic repercussions. This study was conducted to assess the growth performance, feed efficiency, egg production and quality, lipid peroxidation, fertility and hatchability of reproductive laying hens during their early production stage. A total of 720 golden laying hens, all approximately 25 weeks old and with similar body weights, were randomly assigned to four experimental treatments (six replicates) as follows: control group receiving only the standard diet, (2) a group receiving the standard diet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 250 g/kg (GSE1), (3) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 500 g/kg (GSE2), and (4) a group receiving the standarddiet supplemented with grape seed extract at a rate of 750 g/kg (GSE3). There were no significant change (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in feed intak, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio between the control and the experimental groups. Egg weight, egg shell thickness and egg shell weight were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher in GSE250 GSE500 and GSE750 compared to the control. The results showed that hen day egg production was also significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in GSE500 and GSE 750 compared to the control. Fertility level of GSE 500 and GSE750 was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.5) higher compared to the control. The MDA level decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the GSE supplemented birds compared to the control. From these findings, we concluded that GSE 750 had positive impact on egg production, reducing lipid peroxidation and improving fertility in golden laying hens.</p>","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10557559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41163038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marburg virus re-emerged in 2022: recently detected in Ghana, another zoonotic pathogen coming up amid rising cases of Monkeypox and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic- global health concerns and counteracting measures.","authors":"Ranjit Sah, Aroop Mohanty, Abdullah Reda, Abdelmonem Siddiq, Ranjan K Mohapatra, Kuldeep Dhama","doi":"10.1080/01652176.2022.2116501","DOIUrl":"10.1080/01652176.2022.2116501","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51207,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Quarterly","volume":"42 1","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/88/87/TVEQ_42_2116501.PMC9448384.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10486164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}