Cellulose最新文献

{"title":"Porous and hollow bamboo fiber foams with enhanced hydrophobicity and tailored insulating performance","authors":"Jiayan Yu,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Yunyan Xiao,&nbsp;Tuhua Zhong,&nbsp;Haitao Cheng,&nbsp;Hong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07140-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07140-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant fiber foams are gaining increasing attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastic foams, yet their hydrophilicity and mechanical limitations hinder practical application. Herein, bamboo fiber foams with tailored microstructure were constructed. Two distinct types of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs)—high-solid cellulose nanofibers (HS-CNFs) and low-solid cellulose nanofibers (LS-CNFs)—served as key structural regulators. HS-CNFs were prepared via mechano-enzymatic fibrillation, while LS-CNFs were obtained through succinic anhydride esterification. Crucially, these distinct types of CNCs dictated fundamentally different foam architectures. HS-CNFs promoted porous networks, whereas LS-CNFs enabled hollow structure. The addition of 10% SiO₂ aerogel to HS-CNF-reinforced foams significantly enhanced hydrophobicity, whereas incorporating 30% SiO₂ into LS-CNF-reinforced foams provided insufficient improvement. MTMS modification effectively imparted hydrophobicity to all foams regardless of CNF type. The hydrophobic hollow LS-CNF-reinforced foam incorporated with 5% MTMS loading exhibited ultralow thermal conductivity (0.047 W/(m·K)) and a density (0.049 g/cm³). In contrast, hydrophobic porous HS-CNF-reinforced foams demonstrated superior mechanical properties, achieving a compressive modulus of 3.85 MPa and an energy absorption capability of 126.82 kJ/m³. This study establishes an eco-friendly CNF-driven strategy for engineering fiber foams with programmable microstructure, enabling multi-functional applications in thermal insulation, packaging scenarios and so on.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"6003 - 6024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ H2O and D2O vapor sorption of native and deuterated Scots pine wood","authors":"Mikko Valkonen,&nbsp;Tainise Lourençon,&nbsp;Kristiina Lillqvist,&nbsp;Michael Altgen,&nbsp;Lauri Rautkari","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07114-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07114-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study (1) determined the differences between the dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) behavior of wood subjected to light (H₂O) and heavy water (D₂O) vapors at matching equivalent relative humidities (RHs) and (2) developed an in-situ method for studying the transmission-mode Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of wood subjected to increasing RHs. The D₂O-subjected wood was pre-deuterated so that the hydrogen bonding of the native wood with H₂O was compared with the deuterium bonding that occurs with D₂O for the DVS and FTIR studies. Fibrous Scots pine sapwood particles were used for the DVS experiments, whereas FTIR spectroscopy involved Scots pine sapwood earlywood microscopic sections placed inside a small RH chamber. The sorption isotherms and hysteresis plots of H₂O and D₂O showed statistically non-significant differences between the solvent vapors. However, larger practical differences were observed at higher RHs, with the H₂O sorption isotherms having higher “equilibrium” moisture contents. The Gibbs free energies of sorption and desorption at equilibrium, as determined from the DVS data, showed statistically significant differences, suggesting that deuterium bonding is more thermodynamically favorable. The sorption and desorption rates obtained from the DVS samples generally indicate that H₂O vapor subjection progresses initially at faster rates per RH level, without significantly affecting the total experimental time. The accessibility of the hydroxy groups increased somewhat with D₂O between the before- and after-isotherm scenarios. In the FTIR spectra, H₂O addition led to higher peak intensities and broader hydroxy band widths due to increased RH. The FTIR spectra for the D₂O case had a decrease in the hydroxy band area, particularly in the width parameter, while the intensity and width of the formed deuteroxy peak grew as RH increased. The FTIR spectra also provided evidence of a successful hydrogen-versus-deuterium bonding comparison for the DVS study, as the intensities and band widths reverted to their original states after drying using a water-vapor-subjection method like that used in the DVS. Finally, it is hypothesized that deuterated wood is less hygroscopic than native wood, despite the thermodynamic favorability of deuterium bonding. </p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"5695 - 5720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-026-07114-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A templating approach for porous silica bioactive glass using sodium methylcellulose","authors":"Maryam Sarmast Shoushtari,&nbsp;Dayang Radiah Awang Biak,&nbsp;D. A. Hoey,&nbsp;N. Abdullah,&nbsp;H. S. Zainuddin,&nbsp;S. Kamarudin","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07089-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07089-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents a templating strategy using sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide, to synthesize porous SiO₂–CaO–P₂O₅–Na₂O bioactive glass via the sol–gel method. CMC was selected because its hydrophilic and film-forming properties facilitate homogeneous gelation, and its complete thermal decomposition during calcination leaves interconnected pores that enhance scaffold bioactivity. Two formulations, CMC5 and CMC10, were prepared by incorporating 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% CMC into the sol, enabling evaluation of template concentration on structure and performance. Characterization revealed that CMC templating increased porosity and pore volume without altering the glass chemistry, while XRD confirmed changes in crystallinity with higher CMC content. Mechanically, CMC5 achieved improved compressive strength (3.6 MPa) and modulus (2.1 MPa) compared to pure BG, aligning with cancellous bone requirements. In vitro tests demonstrated enhanced hydroxyapatite formation in simulated body fluid and high cell viability in MC3T3 cultures, particularly for CMC5. These findings highlight CMC templating as a simple and effective approach to tune porosity and performance of sol–gel bioactive glass for bone tissue engineering applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"5977 - 6001"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-026-07089-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BN-assisted PDA/SiO2/OTS superhydrophobic paper with durable self-cleaning performance for oil–water separation","authors":"Hexin Zhao,&nbsp;Yan Jin,&nbsp;Yao Meng,&nbsp;Haoran Cheng,&nbsp;Xingrong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07141-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07141-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The discharge of oily industrial effluents and marine oil spills has caused serious contamination of water resources and poses long-term risks to human health. Therefore, developing low-cost, durable and environmentally benign separation materials is of great interest. In this study, a superhydrophobic paper membrane was fabricated via a stepwise dip-coating strategy, in which, polydopamine (PDA), boron nitride (BN) and a silica (SiO₂)/octadecyl trichlorosilane (OTS) top layer were sequentially deposited onto cellulose paper. PDA first forms an adhesive interlayer on cellulose fibers, enabling the stable immobilization of BN platelets as a rigid two-dimensional scaffold. The subsequent deposition of SiO₂ and OTS generates a hierarchical micro/nanostructure with low surface energy, endowing the paper surface with superhydrophobic and oleophilic characteristics. The resulting PDA@BN@SiO₂@OTS paper exhibits a water contact angle of about 165° and achieves oil–water separation efficiencies above 98% for various oil–water mixtures. Water-in-oil emulsions can also be separated with efficiencies up to 89.28%. The coating maintains an excellent hydrophobicity after 40 separation cycles and 40 sandpaper abrasion cycles, and shows good chemical stability after exposure to organic solvents, as well as acidic and alkaline solutions. Overall, this work demonstrates a simple and effective BN-assisted hierarchical coating design for constructing durable, multifunctional superhydrophobic paper for oil–water separation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"6085 - 6099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of essential oils and silver nanoparticles on nanocellulose-stabilized paper-based packaging","authors":"Samanta Sam,&nbsp;Roberto J. Aguado,&nbsp;Elena Saguer,&nbsp;Manel Alcalà,&nbsp;Núria Fiol,&nbsp;Marc Delgado-Aguilar,&nbsp;Quim Tarrés","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07126-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07126-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing environmental awareness and the demand for safe food products have intensified interest in active packaging systems, especially those incorporating natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents to achieve sustainable food protection. This research endeavors to elucidate the synergistic effect of in-situ synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) through green chemical reduction within a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix with cardamon and cinnamon essential oils (EOs), aiming at enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial functionality of active paper-based packaging. Size and zeta potential of synthesized Ag NPs were 8.63 ± 0.69 nm and − 11.36 ± 0.25 mV, respectively, while for the Pickering emulsions it ranged from − 35 to − 40 mV, indicating the formation of stable dispersions. Emulsions displayed shear-thinning behavior. Optical microscopy confirmed the formation of stable, uniformly dispersed, small spherical oil droplets, with no evidence of creaming or coalescence. Emulsion coated papers, showed improved antioxidant activity and exhibited around 74.69 ± 3.09% of DPPH free radical scavenging efficiency in 95% ethanol, mainly due to the cardamom and cinnamon EOs. Additionally, the Ag NP-functionalized TO-CNFs showed improved EO encapsulation and higher DPPH radical scavenging compared to bare TO-CNFs. They exhibited up to 99% antimicrobial activity against <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> and also against the fungus <i>Aspergillus niger,</i> which was mainly due to the synergistic action between Ag NPs and EOs in the system. Migration of active components from EOs and silver into food simulants A, B, and C remained below EU regulatory limits, demonstrating its potential for active food packaging application.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"6059 - 6084"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-026-07126-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous filters for defense against chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats","authors":"Irem Mukaddes Bilgiseven,&nbsp;Serdar Karakurt","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07138-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07138-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CBRN threats pose a hazard depending on the type of amount, or duration of exposure. In the event of any CBRN hazard being exposed, respiratory protection is required to prevent inhalation of these hazards. Biodegradable nanofiber filters are of great interest to reduce plastic waste and promote sustainability. This study aimed to produce green air filters using cellulose considered an inexhaustible source of raw materials. Cellulose nanofiber filters were produced by the electro-spinning method by coating on medical crepe and melt-blown fabric. Air permeability, pressure drop, filtration efficiency, strength properties, and filtration properties against toxic gases such as formaldehyde were investigated in CBRN filters. Whether CBRN filters have a harmful effect on healthy bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was investigated by the Alamar Blue method in in vitro conditions. In addition, the bacterial growth capacity of the filters in <i>S.aureus</i>, <i>E.coli</i>, and <i>S.epidermis</i> species was examined. Nanofiber filters, which were successfully produced in diameters of 300–600 nm, had good air permeability (29 m³h⁻¹) and PM_0.3 (93, 19%) particle retention. No toxicity was observed on healthy bronchial epithelial cells, and inhibited viability of the most abundant bacteria in the air. As a result, the developed nanofiber CBRN air filters will be extremely valuable for the next generation of military protection due to their superior properties.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"5961 - 5975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148856657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Machine learning-inspired image processing for accurate length characterization of complexly crossed hemp fibers","authors":"Weilei Mu,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Rong Yin","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07085-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07085-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 9","pages":"5591 - 5591"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional bacterial cellulose-chitosan-riboflavin nanocomposite film for sustainable active packaging","authors":"Rakshanda Singh,&nbsp;Ritu Mahajan,&nbsp;Anurekha Sharma,&nbsp;Ranjan Gupta,&nbsp;Neeraj K. Aggarwal,&nbsp;Anita Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07124-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07124-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing environmental concerns over petroleum-based plastics have created a strong demand for biodegradable and multifunctional food-packaging materials. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising biopolymer due to its film-forming ability, purity and biodegradability, but its lack of antimicrobial and UV-shielding properties limits application. This study aimed to develop bacterial cellulose-chitosan-riboflavin (BC-CS-RB) nanocomposite films with enhanced functional performance for active food packaging. BC produced from mixed pomace waste extract (sweet lime, apple, and pineapple) as reported in our previous study was processed into nanocomposite films via solvent casting with CS and RB. Structural (FTIR, XRD) and morphological (SEM, EDS) analyses confirmed successful integration of CS and RB. The optimized BC-CS-RB⁴ (4% RB) film exhibited improved tensile strength (11.6 MPa vs. 6.8 MPa for BC), good thermal stability, and reduced water vapor permeability (2.21 × 10⁻⁵ g mm m⁻² day⁻¹ kPa⁻¹). It also demonstrated strong UV-blocking efficiency (~ 90% reduction at 280 nm) and antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Soil burial tests revealed ~ 70% degradation within 30 days, and bread packaging trials showed shelf-life extension up to 25 days compared with 5 days for control (LDPE). These results highlight BC-CS-RB⁴ films as eco-friendly, high-performance alternatives to conventional plastics in food packaging.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 9","pages":"5481 - 5503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on xyloglucan-based composite hydrogels: emerging materials for sustainable agricultural applications","authors":"Muthumari Balakrishnan,&nbsp;Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian,&nbsp;Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam,&nbsp;Jui-Yu Chou","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07131-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07131-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Xyloglucan (XG) is a non-ionic, hydrophilic hemicellulose widely found across plant species. Its biocompatibility, self-assembly behavior, thermo-reversible gelation, hydrophilicity, and tunable physicochemical properties make it an excellent biopolymer for hydrogel fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive outline of XG fundamentals, various modification techniques, and the strategies employed to develop XG-based composite hydrogels. Chemical modification of XG can significantly enhance its physicochemical characteristics, enabling the formation of more stable hydrogels tailored to specific functional requirements. In recent years, interest in the agricultural potential of XG has grown substantially. Xyloglucan-based hydrogels offer several advantages as soil conditioners and plant-support materials. Additionally, modified derivatives of XG, particularly carboxymethylated and graft-copolymerized forms, have demonstrated strong potential for sustained agrochemical delivery, contributing to improved soil properties and crop performance. Despite these advancements, the agricultural utilization of XG-based hydrogels remains relatively limited. Thus, this review not only compiles current insights into XG and its modification but also highlights its emerging applications within plant and soil systems, aiming to fill existing knowledge gaps and identify new research directions for advancing XG-based hydrogel technologies in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 9","pages":"5075 - 5115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and potential agricultural uses of bacterial nanocellulose: advancements, challenges and future perspectives","authors":"Anabel Alexandra Rodriguez Andachi,&nbsp;Fernanda Menegon Rosario,&nbsp;Cristiane Lurdes Paloschi,&nbsp;Samara Silva de Souza","doi":"10.1007/s10570-026-07135-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10570-026-07135-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable agricultural intensification requires materials that can optimize nutrient-use efficiency, enhancing crop establishment, managing water availability, and enabling real-time environmental monitoring. In this context, nanocellulose-based systems have proven to be promising tools for achieving these goals. Until now, most agricultural applications have relied on plant-derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), which differ structurally and functionally from bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). However, the potential of BNC, a highly pure, biologically produced nanofibrillar hydrogel with a uniform structure, has yet to be fully explored. This review synthesizes recent advances in the use of BNC across four emerging agricultural domains: controlled-release nanocarriers, seed-coating technologies, biosensing platforms, and water-retention hydrogels. BNC's interconnected nanofibrillar network, high porosity, exceptional water retention capacity, and adjustable surface chemistry may provide functional advantages in specific agricultural applications compared with plant-derived nanocellulose. These characteristics support promising results in areas such as nutrient delivery, drought resistance, seedling vigor, pesticide detection, and environmental monitoring. However, even with these advances, significant gaps in research remain. Despite recent advances, agricultural studies involving BNC remain limited in number and scope, with very few investigations extending beyond laboratory or greenhouse conditions to field-scale validation. Challenges related to cost, production scale-up, and long-term environmental interactions further constrain broader adoption. Future progress will require advances in fermentation engineering, the development of cost-effective substrates, systematic agronomic trials, and the integration of BNC with complementary biomaterials and sensing technologies. Collectively, the emerging evidence indicates that BNC holds significant potential as a multifunctional platform for precision and sustainable agriculture, but translating this promise into practical application will depend on addressing critical gaps in production, performance, and field deployment. Future research should focus on techno-economic improvements, hybrid materials, and the integration of BNC into precision agriculture. This review outlines both the current advances and the challenges that must be overcome for BNC to become a key biomaterial in sustainable and climate-resilient agriculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":511,"journal":{"name":"Cellulose","volume":"33 10","pages":"5593 - 5629"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-026-07135-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148854728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}