Social Studies of Science最新文献_第8页

Infrastructuring European scientific integration: Heterogeneous meanings of the European biobanking infrastructure BBMRI-ERIC. 基础设施欧洲科学一体化:欧洲生物银行基础设施BBMRI-ERIC的异质含义。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231162629

Erik Aarden

{"title":"Infrastructuring European scientific integration: Heterogeneous meanings of the European biobanking infrastructure BBMRI-ERIC.","authors":"Erik Aarden","doi":"10.1177/03063127231162629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231162629","url":null,"abstract":"While transnational research infrastructure projects long preceded the formal integration process that created the European Union, their advancement is an increasingly central part of EU research policy and of European integration in general. This paper analyses the Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure-European Research Infrastructure Consortium (BBMRI-ERIC) as a recent example of institutionalized scientific collaboration in Europe that has formally been established as part of EU science policy. BBMRI-ERIC, a network of European biobanks, is expected to contribute to both European science and European integration. Yet its achievements in these domains are interpreted differently by various actors involved. This paper draws on STS conceptualizations of infrastructures as relational, experimental, and promissory assemblages. These support the formulation of a working definition of research infrastructures that in turn helps to explore the heterogeneous meanings attributed to BBMRI-ERIC. The paper describes the creation of this distributed European research infrastructure, and divergent understandings of what it means for BBMRI-ERIC to be distributed, to be European and to be a research infrastructure. This analysis demonstrates how building a research infrastructure is also an effort to define what it means to be European-a process in which what is European about science and what science can do for Europe is continuously (re-)imagined, contested and negotiated.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"572-598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10363945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10154336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

'Consent' as epistemic recognition: Indigenous knowledges, Canadian impact assessment, and the colonial liberal democratic order. 作为认识论认可的'同意'：土著知识、加拿大影响评估和殖民地自由民主秩序。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231177311

Alana Lajoie-O'Malley, Kelly Bronson, Gwendolyn Blue

{"title":"'Consent' as epistemic recognition: Indigenous knowledges, Canadian impact assessment, and the colonial liberal democratic order.","authors":"Alana Lajoie-O'Malley, Kelly Bronson, Gwendolyn Blue","doi":"10.1177/03063127231177311","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127231177311","url":null,"abstract":"This article unpacks the logic of the equivalence invoked by the Government of Canada between Indigenous consent and the inclusion of Indigenous peoples and knowledges in impact assessment. We situate the logic within the politics of recognition in Canada-a politics that aims to shore up national unity in the face of regular challenges to it. We use the Canadian results from a recent scoping review on conceptions of environmental justice in impact assessment to highlight the challenges of invoking recognition, and we provide a theoretical analysis of these challenges. To do this, we highlight the ways in which 'we-making' is 'knowledge-making' and 'knowledge-making' is 'we-making'. In this sense, recognizing Indigenous knowledges is part of Canada's answer to the challenge of constructing and stabilizing a political 'we': a community of political subjects with shared connection to a nation state via the institutional, social, and cultural apparatuses that generate the kind of publicly visible legal and technical knowledge upon which the state's authority depends. We show how this project relies on actively obscuring the relationship between 'we-making' and 'knowledge-making' by treating 'knowledge-making' as neutral and un-situated, putting into practice a universalist logic. This logic shores up power because obscuring the situatedness of dominant knowledges also obscures the situatedness of the dominant political orders with which they are intertwined. We ultimately argue that Canada's approach to recognizing Indigenous knowledges helps consolidate power by sidestepping ongoing jurisdictional struggles with Indigenous peoples.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"545-571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/5a/10.1177_03063127231177311.PMC10363936.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10473407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making a 'sex-difference fact': Ambien dosing at the interface of policy, regulation, women's health, and biology. 制造一个“性别差异事实”:安必恩剂量在政策、法规、妇女健康和生物学的界面。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231168371

Helen Zhao, Marina DiMarco, Kelsey Ichikawa, Marion Boulicault, Meg Perret, Kai Jillson, Alexandra Fair, Kai DeJesus, Sarah S Richardson

引用次数: 1

The multistability of predictive technology in nuclear disasters. 核灾害预测技术的多稳定性。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231161609

Shin-Etsu Sugawara

{"title":"The multistability of predictive technology in nuclear disasters.","authors":"Shin-Etsu Sugawara","doi":"10.1177/03063127231161609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231161609","url":null,"abstract":"Postphenomenological studies have explored technological mediation between the human body and the world by analysing the bodily experience of the world. Applying this analytical perspective to predictive technology requires some expansions because humans cannot directly experience the future world. I conceptualize pre-spectival focus, which refers to how human attention is directed to the making-future-present process, and which features or aspects of its process are foregrounded or backgrounded. Through the concept of pre-spectival focus and actor-network theory (ANT), this article examines the case of System for the Prediction of Environmental Emergency Dose Information (SPEEDI), a Japanese technology used to simulate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides released from nuclear reactors. SPEEDI provides prediction maps representing radiological consequences and was expected to support evacuation decisions during nuclear emergencies. However, this was not the case with the Fukushima disaster, which led to a socio-technical controversy regarding SPEEDI's usage. Based on bibliographic surveys and several interviews, I encapsulate four multistable uses of SPEEDI: prediction as supporting advice, prediction as a tool for evacuation drills, prediction as self-protection, and prediction as a source of misunderstanding. Relevant actors perceive the predictions of a nuclear disaster in each stability depending on the diversity of their pre-spectival foci, which is also related to the forms of life nourished through their professional and daily lives. A distinct rivalry can be observed between the two actor-networks around nuclear emergency management in which SPEEDI is differently enrolled: the social control network and self-determination network. In the former, the residents are constituted as passive selves who obediently follow governmental instructions; in the latter, residents are included as autonomous subjects who can actively decide protective actions. Moreover, I discuss future postphenomenology-ANT studies on predictive technologies based on these analyses.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 4","pages":"495-521"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10089267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific conferences, socialization, and the Covid-19 pandemic: A conceptual and empirical enquiry. 科学会议、社会化和Covid-19大流行:概念和实证调查。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127221138521

Harry Collins, Willow Leonard-Clarke, Will Mason-Wilkes

引用次数: 3

Mistrust: Community engagement in global health research in coastal Kenya. 不信任：肯尼亚沿海社区参与全球健康研究。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231162082

Salla Sariola

引用次数: 0

Let's agree to agree: The situational academic quality of the UK REF as consensual public knowledge. 让我们达成一致：作为公众共识的英国 REF 的学术质量。

IF 2.9 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-06 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231152915

Sveta Milyaeva, Daniel Neyland

{"title":"Let's agree to agree: The situational academic quality of the UK REF as consensual public knowledge.","authors":"Sveta Milyaeva, Daniel Neyland","doi":"10.1177/03063127231152915","DOIUrl":"10.1177/03063127231152915","url":null,"abstract":"The Research Excellence Framework (REF) is a UK policy tool for distributing government funding and an important indicator of the academic status of a UK university. The legitimacy of the policy comes from peers' consensus on what academic quality is. We are interested in how the REF enables this funding distribution by determining the academic quality of a broad array of different forms of research through a single peer-review process. As they search for academic quality that is contingent to a specific epistemology and requires more time than the REF allows, how do academics agree to agree, and within constraints of a given timeframe? Interviews with REF panellists and their accounts of the process lead us to suggest that the consensus is enacted by setting up a situation: the mechanics of the REF with its practices of benchmarking, scoring, calibrating, and normalizing. This situation sets the boundaries of reviewing and, in doing so, propels peers to shift from assessment contingent on epistemic commitments to evaluation on a single scale. We argue that this shift renders academic quality distinct from scientific or epistemic quality.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"427-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/b5/10.1177_03063127231152915.PMC10240617.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9656703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobile researchers, immobile data: Managing data (producers). 移动研究人员，固定数据:管理数据(生产者)。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231156862

Stefan Reichmann

{"title":"Mobile researchers, immobile data: Managing data (producers).","authors":"Stefan Reichmann","doi":"10.1177/03063127231156862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231156862","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific institutions have increasingly embraced formalized research data management strategies, which involve complex social practices of codifying the tacit dimensions of data practices. Several guidelines to facilitate these practices have been introduced in recent years, for example, the FAIR guiding principles. The aim of these practices is to foster transparency and reproducibility through 'data sharing,' the public release of data for unbounded reuse. However, a closer look suggests that many scientists' practices of data release might be better described as what I call data handovers. These practices are not rooted in the lofty ideals of good scientific practice and global data reuse but in the more mundane necessities of research continuity, which have become more urgent in light of increasing academic mobility. The Austrian scientists interviewed for this study reinterpreted defining features of research data management - such as ensuring findability - as techniques for managing the effects of researcher mobility. This suggests that the adoption of Open Science practices might be dissociated from its stated epistemic goals, and explains why many Open Science initiatives at present are administratively strong but normatively weak.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"341-357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10034333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training scenes: Taking science studies to the classroom. 训练场景:将科学研究带入课堂。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231164583

Kris Decker, Christoph Hoffmann

引用次数: 0

Ethics governance development: The case of the Menlo Report. 道德治理发展:以门洛报告为例。

IF 3 2区社会学

Social Studies of Science Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/03063127231151708

Megan Finn, Katie Shilton

{"title":"Ethics governance development: The case of the Menlo Report.","authors":"Megan Finn, Katie Shilton","doi":"10.1177/03063127231151708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03063127231151708","url":null,"abstract":"The 2012 Menlo Report was an effort in which a group of computer scientists, US government funders, and lawyers produced ethics guidelines for research in information and communications technology (ICT). Here we study Menlo as a case of what we call ethics governance in the making, finding that this process examines past controversies and enrols existing networks to connect the everyday practice of ethics with ethics as a form of governance. To create the Menlo Report, authors and funders relied on bricolage work with existing, available resources, which significantly shaped both the report's contents and impacts. Report authors were motivated by both forward- and backward-looking goals: enabling new data-sharing as well as addressing past controversies and their implications for the field's body of research. Authors also grappled with uncertainty about which ethical frameworks were appropriate and made the decision to classify much network data as human subjects data. Finally, the Menlo Report authors attempted to enrol multiple existing networks in governance through appeals to local research communities as well as taking steps towards federal rulemaking. The Menlo Report serves as a case study in how to study ethics governance in the making: with attention to resources, adaptation, and bricolage, and with a focus on both the uncertainties the process tries to repair, as well as the new uncertainties the process uncovers, which will become the site of future ethics work.","PeriodicalId":51152,"journal":{"name":"Social Studies of Science","volume":"53 3","pages":"315-340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/b4/10.1177_03063127231151708.PMC10240629.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9662669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0