Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition最新文献_第10页

Interference between outcomes, spontaneous recovery, and context effects as measured by a cued response reaction time task: evidence for associative retrieval models. 结果、自发恢复和情境效应之间的干扰，由提示反应反应时间任务测量:关联检索模型的证据。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 Epub Date: 2012-08-20 DOI: 10.1037/a0029517

Estrella González-Martín, Pedro L Cobos, Joaquín Morís, Francisco J López

{"title":"Interference between outcomes, spontaneous recovery, and context effects as measured by a cued response reaction time task: evidence for associative retrieval models.","authors":"Estrella González-Martín, Pedro L Cobos, Joaquín Morís, Francisco J López","doi":"10.1037/a0029517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029517","url":null,"abstract":"The most common associative explanation of interference is based on a retrieval failure. Retrieval, in turn, is considered as the result of an associative activation mechanism that is thought to be fast and automatic. However, up-to-date, there is no evidence of interference based on dependent measures specifically related to this kind of low level processes. The objective of the present study was to test whether interference phenomena can be observed by using a cued response task designed to detect low level retrieval processes. Experiment 1 evaluated whether the cued response task served to show a priming effect. Such effect allowed us to interpret the results found in the remaining experiments of the series. Experiment 2 aimed to find the interference effect by using the cued response task. Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted to assess whether spontaneous recovery and context-change effects could also be observed. The results showed that interference and recovery from interference phenomena can be attributable to fast retrieval processes, which is consistent with associative accounts of interference.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0029517","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30845362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Asymmetrical generalization of conditioning and extinction from compound to element and element to compound. 从化合物到元素和元素到化合物的条件反射和消光的不对称泛化。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 Epub Date: 2012-08-27 DOI: 10.1037/a0029726

Mark E Bouton, Caleb Doyle-Burr, Drina Vurbic

{"title":"Asymmetrical generalization of conditioning and extinction from compound to element and element to compound.","authors":"Mark E Bouton, Caleb Doyle-Burr, Drina Vurbic","doi":"10.1037/a0029726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029726","url":null,"abstract":"Four appetitive conditioning experiments studied generalization between compound conditional stimuli (AB) and their elements (e.g., A or B). In Experiments 1 and 2, rats received conditioning with A and AB, and then extinction with either A or AB. During subsequent testing, there was more generalization of extinction (nonresponding) from the compound (AB) to the element (A) than from the element (A) to the compound (AB). This asymmetry was consistent with earlier results involving temporal discrimination learning in which short and long temporal intervals played the roles of A and AB. In Experiment 3, rats received conditioning with either A or AB, and then testing with A and AB. Consistent with elemental models of conditioning, there was more generalization of conditioned responding from A to AB than from AB to A. Experiment 4 found that these asymmetries in the generalization of extinction (Experiments 1 and 2) and conditioning (Experiment 3) both contribute to the feature-positive effect. Overall, the parallel between the current findings and previous results with temporal discrimination learning supports an associative analysis of interval timing. Implications for elemental and configural theories of conditioning and generalization are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0029726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30859535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Pavlovian conditioning with sexually relevant UCS: which is the necessary UCR? 巴甫洛夫条件反射与性相关的UCR:哪个是必要的UCR?

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0030231

Xi Chu, Anders Ågmo

{"title":"Pavlovian conditioning with sexually relevant UCS: which is the necessary UCR?","authors":"Xi Chu, Anders Ågmo","doi":"10.1037/a0030231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030231","url":null,"abstract":"In Experiment 1, four groups of male rats were subjected to Pavlovian conditioning of an approach response. In one group the reinforcer was one mount with a sexually receptive female and in another group it was one intromission. A third group was deprived of food for 8 h before every session and a fourth group was deprived for 16 h. These latter groups received a 94 mg food pellet as reinforcement. The conditional stimulus (CS)+ and CS- were different lights. Rats reinforced with mount, intromission, or food after 16 h of deprivation learned to approach the CS+ more than the CS-. There was no difference in performance between the groups making one mount and one intromission. Rats deprived of food for 8 h failed to discriminate between the CS+ and the CS-. The results obtained with food reinforcement show that performance in the conditioning procedure depends on the level of motivation, which should be the case in any valid procedure. In Experiment 2 we determined whether access to female odor, exposure to an inaccessible female, one mount, and one intromission could reinforce classical conditioning. Only mount and intromission were efficient. These data show that the earliest event in the sequence of sexual behaviors that can promote conditioning is mounting. The fact that mount and intromission are equally efficient for reinforcing Pavlovian conditioning shows that the somatic and visceral responses associated with these behavior patterns rather than sensory feedback from the genitals are crucial.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0030231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30977561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Cognitive mechanisms for transitive inference performance in rhesus monkeys: measuring the influence of associative strength and inferred order. 恒河猴反式推理能力的认知机制：测量联想强度和推理顺序的影响。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0030306

Regina Paxton Gazes, Nicholas W Chee, Robert R Hampton

{"title":"Cognitive mechanisms for transitive inference performance in rhesus monkeys: measuring the influence of associative strength and inferred order.","authors":"Regina Paxton Gazes, Nicholas W Chee, Robert R Hampton","doi":"10.1037/a0030306","DOIUrl":"10.1037/a0030306","url":null,"abstract":"If Ben is taller than Emily and Emily is taller than Dina, one can infer that Ben is taller than Dina. This process of inferring relations between stimuli based on shared relations with other stimuli is called transitive inference (TI). Many species solve TI tasks in which they learn pairs of overlapping stimulus discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, etc.) and are tested with non-adjacent novel test pairings (BD). When relations between stimuli are determined by reinforcement (A is reinforced when paired with B, B when paired with C), performance can be controlled by the associative values of individual stimuli or by logical inference. In Experiment 1 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) chose the higher ranked item on non-adjacent test trials after training on a 7-image TI task. In Experiment 2 we measured the associative values of 7 TI images and found that these values did not correlate with choice in TI tests. In Experiment 3 large experimental manipulations of the associative value of images did influence performance in some TI test pairings, but performance on other pairs was consistent with the implied order. In Experiment 4 monkeys linked two previously learned 7-item lists into one 14-item list after training with a single linking pair. Linking cannot be explained by associative values. Associative value can control choice in TI tests in at least some extreme circumstances. Implied order better explains most TI choices in monkeys, and is a more viable mechanism for TI of social dominance, which has been observed in birds and fish.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774320/pdf/nihms497355.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30978607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pigeons make errors as a result of interval timing in a visual, but not a visual-spatial, midsession reversal task. 鸽子犯错是由于在视觉上的间隔时间，而不是在视觉空间的中间反转任务中。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0030192

Neil McMillan, William A Roberts

引用次数: 43

Location and salience of unique features in human perceptual learning. 人类感知学习中独特特征的定位与突出。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-10-01 Epub Date: 2012-09-17 DOI: 10.1037/a0029733

Tony Wang, Yvonna Lavis, Geoffrey Hall, Chris J Mitchell

{"title":"Location and salience of unique features in human perceptual learning.","authors":"Tony Wang, Yvonna Lavis, Geoffrey Hall, Chris J Mitchell","doi":"10.1037/a0029733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029733","url":null,"abstract":"Preexposure to intermixed presentations of a pair of similar stimuli (AX and BX, where A and B represent distinctive features, and X the features the stimuli hold in common) facilitates subsequent discrimination between them. This perceptual learning effect has been interpreted as indicating that the loss of effective salience resulting from repeated presentation of a stimulus is attenuated or reversed by a salience-modulation process that operates on the unique stimulus features A and B during intermixed preexposure. In 3 experiments, we examined discrimination after intermixed preexposure to AX and BX, making comparison with a condition in which novel unique features were added to the preexposed background (CX and DX). In all experiments, we also monitored eye gaze during both preexposure and the test. Experiments 1 and 2 found discrimination of the preexposed stimuli to be superior. This result cannot be explained by salience-modulation theories that suppose that intermixed preexposure merely attenuates loss of salience to the unique features A and B; it suggests, rather, that intermixed preexposure to AX and BX enhances the salience of, or attention paid to, the distinctive features. Experiment 3 demonstrated that exposure increases sensitivity to the spatial location of the features, a conclusion confirmed by analysis of eye gaze.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0029733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30912242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Interval, blocking, and marking effects during the development of schedule-induced drinking in rats. 大鼠时间表性饮酒发展过程中的间隔、阻断和标记效应。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-21 DOI: 10.1037/a0027788

Angela E Patterson, Robert A Boakes

{"title":"Interval, blocking, and marking effects during the development of schedule-induced drinking in rats.","authors":"Angela E Patterson, Robert A Boakes","doi":"10.1037/a0027788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027788","url":null,"abstract":"Schedule-induced drinking (SID) can occur when food-deprived rats are given access to water while receiving pellets on an intermittent reinforcement schedule. These conditions can increase water intake excessively. The possible role of adventitious reinforcement of postpellet drinking was assessed by testing whether response-reinforcer contiguity, the relative predictiveness of a response, and whether it is marked are important in the development of SID. Rats exposed to a short interpellet interval acquired SID most rapidly, with this acquired drinking response maintained when animals were transferred to a longer interpellet interval, thus indicating an easy-to-hard effect (Experiment 1). Further experiments demonstrated that a stimulus (a brief-flashing house light) occurring prior to pellet delivery could block the acquisition of SID (Experiment 2), while a lick-contingent tone, intended to increase the associability of this response, produced more rapid acquisition of SID (Experiment 3). Analysis of lick distributions revealed that licking became concentrated in the first half of an interpellet interval only after several sessions. Overall, the results indicated that similar factors affect the acquisition of both SID and instrumental conditioning with delayed reinforcement, as is consistent with a superstitious conditioning account of SID development.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0027788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30633558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Conditioned [corrected] stimulus informativeness governs conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associability. 条件刺激信息性支配条件刺激-非条件刺激的联想性。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-02 DOI: 10.1037/a0027621

Ryan D Ward, C R Gallistel, Greg Jensen, Vanessa L Richards, Stephen Fairhurst, Peter D Balsam

{"title":"Conditioned [corrected] stimulus informativeness governs conditioned stimulus-unconditioned stimulus associability.","authors":"Ryan D Ward, C R Gallistel, Greg Jensen, Vanessa L Richards, Stephen Fairhurst, Peter D Balsam","doi":"10.1037/a0027621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027621","url":null,"abstract":"In a conditioning protocol, the onset of the conditioned stimulus ([CS]) provides information about when to expect reinforcement (unconditioned stimulus [US]). There are two sources of information from the CS in a delay conditioning paradigm in which the CS-US interval is fixed. The first depends on the informativeness, the degree to which CS onset reduces the average expected time to onset of the next US. The second depends only on how precisely a subject can represent a fixed-duration interval (the temporal Weber fraction). In three experiments with mice, we tested the differential impact of these two sources of information on rate of acquisition of conditioned responding (CS-US associability). In Experiment 1, we showed that associability (the inverse of trials to acquisition) increased in proportion to informativeness. In Experiment 2, we showed that fixing the duration of the US-US interval or the CS-US interval or both had no effect on associability. In Experiment 3, we equated the increase in information produced by varying the C/T ratio with the increase produced by fixing the duration of the CS-US interval. Associability increased with increased informativeness, but, as in Experiment 2, fixing the CS-US duration had no effect on associability. These results are consistent with the view that CS-US associability depends on the increased rate of reward signaled by CS onset. The results also provide further evidence that conditioned responding is temporally controlled when it emerges.","PeriodicalId":51088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1037/a0027621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30545354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Generalization of contextual fear as a function of familiarity: the role of within- and between-context associations. 熟悉程度对情境恐惧的泛化:情境内和情境间关联的作用。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-05-28 DOI: 10.1037/a0028689

M D Iordanova, R C Honey

引用次数: 9

A category-overshadowing effect in pigeons: support for the Common Elements Model of object categorization learning. 鸽子的分类阴影效应：支持物体分类学习的 "共同要素模型"。

IF 1.3 4区心理学

Journal of Experimental Psychology-Animal Learning and Cognition Pub Date : 2012-07-01 DOI: 10.1037/a0028803

Fabian A Soto, Edward A Wasserman

引用次数: 0