恒河猴反式推理能力的认知机制:测量联想强度和推理顺序的影响。

IF 1.3 4区 心理学
Regina Paxton Gazes, Nicholas W Chee, Robert R Hampton
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如果本比艾米丽高,而艾米丽比迪娜高,那么我们就可以推断出本比迪娜高。这种根据与其他刺激物的共同关系来推断刺激物之间关系的过程被称为反式推理(TI)。许多物种都能完成反式推理任务,即学习成对的重叠刺激辨别(A+B-、B+C-等),然后用不相邻的新测试配对(BD)进行测试。当刺激之间的关系由强化决定时(A与B配对时得到强化,B与C配对时得到强化),学习成绩可以由单个刺激的联想值或逻辑推理来控制。在实验 1 中,恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)经过 7 图像 TI 任务训练后,在非相邻测试试验中选择了排名较高的项目。在实验 2 中,我们测量了 7 幅 TI 图像的联想值,发现这些联想值与 TI 测试中的选择并不相关。在实验 3 中,对图像联想值的大量实验操作确实影响了某些 TI 测试配对的表现,但其他配对的表现与隐含顺序一致。在实验 4 中,猴子在经过单个链接对的训练后,将两个先前学习过的 7 项列表链接成一个 14 项列表。链接不能用联想值来解释。至少在某些极端情况下,联想值可以控制TI测试中的选择。隐含顺序能更好地解释猴子的大多数TI选择,也是社会支配力TI的一种更可行的机制,这种机制在鸟类和鱼类中也被观察到。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cognitive mechanisms for transitive inference performance in rhesus monkeys: measuring the influence of associative strength and inferred order.

If Ben is taller than Emily and Emily is taller than Dina, one can infer that Ben is taller than Dina. This process of inferring relations between stimuli based on shared relations with other stimuli is called transitive inference (TI). Many species solve TI tasks in which they learn pairs of overlapping stimulus discriminations (A+B-, B+C-, etc.) and are tested with non-adjacent novel test pairings (BD). When relations between stimuli are determined by reinforcement (A is reinforced when paired with B, B when paired with C), performance can be controlled by the associative values of individual stimuli or by logical inference. In Experiment 1 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) chose the higher ranked item on non-adjacent test trials after training on a 7-image TI task. In Experiment 2 we measured the associative values of 7 TI images and found that these values did not correlate with choice in TI tests. In Experiment 3 large experimental manipulations of the associative value of images did influence performance in some TI test pairings, but performance on other pairs was consistent with the implied order. In Experiment 4 monkeys linked two previously learned 7-item lists into one 14-item list after training with a single linking pair. Linking cannot be explained by associative values. Associative value can control choice in TI tests in at least some extreme circumstances. Implied order better explains most TI choices in monkeys, and is a more viable mechanism for TI of social dominance, which has been observed in birds and fish.

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来源期刊
自引率
23.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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