International Journal of Eating Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking Access to Evidence-Based Treatments for Eating Disorders: A Commentary on Ali et al. 2024","authors":"Bronwyn C. Raykos","doi":"10.1002/eat.24362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24362","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This commentary responds to the recent paper by Ali et al on the unmet treatment need for eating disorders. The commentary examines the ongoing barriers to accessing evidence-based treatments for eating disorders and considers the example of Australian initiatives like the Medicare Benefit Scheme's Eating Disorder Plan, which offers subsidized psychological and dietetic services. A recent review of the plan revealed uptake has been low, with significant disparities in access, particularly in underserved populations and those in rural and remote areas. The commentary highlights new areas to guide our thinking about closing the treatment gap, such as the role of virtual and/or hybrid models of care delivery, digital health tools, improving how we communicate about what we do, and the importance of shifting from a top-down approach to service design to human-centered, co-created models that better meet the needs of consumers. If we are to truly close the gap in the next 10 years, the landscape of eating disorder treatment requires bold, forward-thinking solutions—solutions that are not only reflective of the real, lived experiences of those affected but are also continuously evaluated and refined as they scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"510-513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Unified, Inclusive, and Standardized Approach for Assessing Help-Seeking Behavior in Eating Disorder Populations: A Commentary on Ali et al. (2024)","authors":"Maria Nicula,&nbsp;Jennifer Couturier","doi":"10.1002/eat.24361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ali et al. (2025) found that help-seeking rates remain low among individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for eating disorders (EDs). Their review highlighted variability in definitions of help-seeking and a lack of adequate representation of marginalized groups across the included studies. Building on these findings, this commentary offers four recommendations to guide future researchers toward a more unified and inclusive approach when studying help-seeking patterns in ED populations by: (1) capturing alternative and indirect forms of help-seeking by engaging partners with lived experience of EDs; (2) prioritizing the inclusion of marginalized groups in the pursuit of understanding diverse help-seeking behaviors; (3) establishing a consensus on standardized measures of help-seeking within the research community; and (4) simultaneously collecting data regarding the receipt of help and treatment when conducting help-seeking research. These recommendations aim to expand upon the authors' work by proposing new ways for researchers to more accurately capture where individuals are seeking help for their ED concerns, which is an essential step in ensuring that accessible care is available to meet their needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"506-509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evidence That Shared Genetic Influences Underlie Comorbidity Between Self-Reported Eating and Internalizing Disorders and Gastrointestinal Disease in Adult Women and Men","authors":"Megan E. Mikhail,&nbsp;Laura A. Pascoe,&nbsp;S. Alexandra Burt,&nbsp;Kristen M. Culbert,&nbsp;Kelly L. Klump","doi":"10.1002/eat.24360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accumulating research suggests both eating disorders (EDs) and internalizing disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression) are associated with gastrointestinal disease (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease). However, the mechanisms underlying comorbidity with gastrointestinal disease—and whether they may differ for eating and internalizing disorders—remain poorly understood. Addressing these gaps is a critical first step to refining etiologic models of comorbidity and identifying potential targets for intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants included female and male twins ages 18–65 from the population-based MSU Twin Registry (<i>N</i> = 5883). Lifetime history of EDs, internalizing disorders, and gastrointestinal disease was assessed via questionnaire. We first examined whether EDs and internalizing disorders were independently associated with gastrointestinal disease phenotypically. We then used trivariate Cholesky decomposition twin models to investigate whether EDs and internalizing disorders were related to gastrointestinal disease through overlapping or distinct genetic/environmental pathways.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eating (OR = 2.54, <i>p</i> = 0.009) and internalizing (OR = 2.14, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) disorders were independently associated with gastrointestinal disease. Conclusions were unchanged after adjusting for important covariates (e.g., body mass index, age) and did not significantly differ across sex. Twin models suggested genetic influences shared by all three conditions explained their co-occurrence, with 31% of the variance in EDs and 12% of the variance in gastrointestinal disease attributable to genetic influences shared with internalizing disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shared genetic mechanisms may contribute to comorbidity between EDs, internalizing disorders, and gastrointestinal disease. Identifying overlapping molecular pathways could potentially lead to novel interventions that simultaneously address all three conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"564-582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“FBT Is for the Rich”: A Qualitative Study Examining Clinicians' Experiences and Perceptions of Treatment Access and Engagement for Diverse Families in Family-Based Treatment","authors":"Jessica Sauerwein,&nbsp;Amelia Austin,&nbsp;Manya Singh,&nbsp;Pardis Pedram,&nbsp;Erica Allan,&nbsp;Lindsey Bruett,&nbsp;Sarah Eckhardt,&nbsp;Sarah Forsberg,&nbsp;Helene Keery,&nbsp;Melissa Kimber,&nbsp;Martin Pradel,&nbsp;Erin C. Accurso,&nbsp;Daniel Le Grange,&nbsp;Gina Dimitropoulos","doi":"10.1002/eat.24351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24351","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Family-based treatment (FBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders, but research exploring access and engagement in FBT is sparse. This paper focuses on findings from a broader study, specifically addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) impeding access and engagement in FBT for diverse families (i.e., families belonging to identity groups subject to systemic barriers and prejudices).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-one FBT clinicians were recruited globally using purposive and snowball sampling. Clinicians participated in individual interviews or focus groups, discussing their experiences engaging diverse families in FBT. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings underscore the pervasive impact of SDH on equitable access to FBT, specifically, the critical need for tailored approaches by clinicians to enhance access and engagement in FBT for diverse families experiencing practical, resource, and systemic barriers. Recommendations include broader dissemination of FBT knowledge, telehealth options to mitigate geographical barriers, community resource collaborations, and sensitivity to cultural and systemic factors impacting treatment engagement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results of this study may inform future FBT planning (tailoring treatment approaches to address barriers), clinician training, clinical decision-making tools, and opportunities for supporting under-resourced families within the model, leading to more equitable FBT treatment access and engagement for diverse families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"554-563"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24351","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Momentary Associations Across Specific Affective States and Dysregulated Eating Experiences Among Children and Adolescents With Loss of Control Eating Symptoms","authors":"Caroline Christian,&nbsp;Victoria Bell,&nbsp;J. Graham Thomas,&nbsp;Alissa A. Haedt-Matt,&nbsp;Scott G. Engel,&nbsp;Chantelle N. Hart,&nbsp;Jared M. Saletin,&nbsp;Stephanie P. Goldstein,&nbsp;Claire E. Cusack,&nbsp;Andrea B. Goldschmidt","doi":"10.1002/eat.24356","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24356","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dysregulated eating is common among youth and is associated with trait-level negative affect and emotion regulation difficulties. Despite the transient nature of affect, momentary associations among affect and eating behavior are unclear, which limits development of more impactful treatment tools, such as “just-in-time” intervention approaches (JITAI). The current study (<i>N</i> = 62) drew from two ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies involving children and adolescents who endorsed loss of control (LOC) eating symptoms during a two-week assessment period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intensive time series network analysis tested concurrent and prospective relationships across six specific affective states (i.e., upset, guilty, scared, tired, excited, attentive) and four eating-related experiences (e.g., LOC, overeating, hunger, craving) in real time. Additionally, we repeated these models within demographic subgroups of the sample based on age, race, and sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the full-sample models, contemporaneously assessed guilt was associated with craving and LOC eating, and tiredness was associated with LOC eating. In the prospective analysis, tiredness was negatively predicted by LOC eating and positively predicted by overeating at the previous timepoint, and attentiveness positively predicted craving. Differences in affect-eating relationships were identified across teens and preteens as well as male and female participants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that specific affective states are associated with dysregulated eating-related experiences in real time among youth, and associations may differ depending on demographic characteristics. Findings may be used to inform the development and tailoring of momentary interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"542-553"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A US-Based Consensus on Diagnostic Overlap and Distinction for Pediatric Feeding Disorder and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder","authors":"Hayley H. Estrem,&nbsp;Jaclyn L. Pederson,&nbsp;Pamela Dodrill,&nbsp;Cuyler Romeo,&nbsp;Kelsey Thompson,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Thomas,&nbsp;Nancy Zucker,&nbsp;Richard Noel,&nbsp;Hana Zickgraf,&nbsp;Jessie Menzel,&nbsp;Colleen T. Lukens,&nbsp;Praveen S. Goday,&nbsp;Sarah MacLaughlin,&nbsp;William G. Sharp","doi":"10.1002/eat.24349","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24349","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As diagnoses covering dysfunctional feeding and eating in pediatrics, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) contain inherent areas of overlap in their diagnostic criteria. Areas of overlap include criteria regarding nutritional consequences associated with feeding/eating dysfunction and shared emphasis on possible psychosocial impairment associated with restricted food intake. Complicating the differential diagnosis process is a lack of guidance regarding when the two conditions occur independently, co-qualify, and/or transition into the other. Feeding Matters' Research Initiatives Task Force planned and hosted a PFD-ARFID consensus meeting, with the aim of reaching a consensus regarding diagnostic clarity on PFD and ARFID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Criteria for participation focused on US residents who either: (a) served as an author on the ARFID workgroup or PFD consensus papers, or (b) provided community representation via board or committee roles. The consensus process followed three stages: prework, the meeting, and post-work/writing. Twelve participants were present for the meeting, with 14 involved in pre- and post-work/writing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final panel included four psychologists representing the ARFID community and seven multidisciplinary members representing PFD's four domains (medical, nutrition, skill, and psychosocial) plus a Zero-to-Three community representative and two representatives from Feeding Matters. Results yielded 10 consensus statements and visuals to support the consensus statements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The consensus process and results underscore an ongoing need to improve diagnostic systems and reinforce calls for strengthening healthcare expertise for both PFD and ARFID. Community-based participatory research is recommended to advance both diagnoses and reduce ambiguity in practice settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"489-499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Outcome in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder","authors":"Lilian P. Palmer,&nbsp;P. Evelyna Kambanis,&nbsp;Casey M. Stern,&nbsp;Setareh M. Rossman,&nbsp;Christopher J. Mancuso,&nbsp;Alexandrea M. Andrea,&nbsp;Helen Burton-Murray,&nbsp;Kendra R. Becker,&nbsp;Lauren Breithaupt,&nbsp;Cathryn Freid,&nbsp;Elisa Asanza,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. Lawson,&nbsp;Kamryn T. Eddy,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Thomas","doi":"10.1002/eat.24345","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24345","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive-behavioral therapy for avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID; CBT-AR) shows promise in improving clinical outcomes in children/adolescents and adults. We aimed to identify predictors of outcomes in CBT-AR. We hypothesized that younger age, non-underweight status, and presence of the fear of aversive consequences profile of ARFID would predict greater likelihood of remission post–treatment, and that presence of the lack of interest in eating/food and sensory sensitivity profiles would predict greater likelihood of persistence post-treatment. We included sex as an exploratory predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individuals (<i>N</i> = 94, ages 10–55 years) were offered 20–30 outpatient sessions of CBT-AR. We collected clinical and demographic data at pre-treatment, and remission status at post-treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Consistent with our hypothesis, presence (versus absence) of the fear profile predicted an almost three-fold increased likelihood of remission. Presence of the sensory profile, lack of interest profile, age, weight status, and sex were not predictors of ARFID outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fear of aversive consequences profile of ARFID may be more amenable to treatment with CBT-AR. This is the first study to identify predictors of treatment outcome following CBT-AR. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings and examine moderators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"647-653"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Operational Police Stress Is Associated With Disordered Eating in Police Officers","authors":"Baiyu Qi,&nbsp;Ya-Ke Wu","doi":"10.1002/eat.24353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Police officers are under high operational stress and are at high risk for stress-related mental health disturbances. However, little research has investigated disordered eating in this population. In this study, we compared disordered eating symptoms between male and female police officers, examined the association between operational police stress and disordered eating symptoms, and explored body mass index (BMI) and sex as potential moderators of these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The participants consisted of 476 police officers from North Carolina, United States. Operational police stress was assessed using the Operational Police Stress Questionnaire, and disordered eating symptoms were assessed using the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory. Weight and height were measured by trained staff.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compared with female officers (<i>n</i> = 149), male officers (<i>n</i> = 325) scored significantly higher on binge eating, excessive exercise, muscle building, and negative attitudes toward obesity, and lower on body dissatisfaction, cognitive restraint, restricting, and purging. After adjusting for BMI and sex, significant positive associations were found between operational police stress and all disordered eating symptom subscales, except for excessive exercise. No association was significantly moderated by BMI or sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disordered eating is an understudied yet critical concern among stressed police officers, affecting both males and females. Targeted prevention and intervention strategies, such as regular screening during physical exams, could enable early detection of disordered eating symptoms in this high-stress occupation group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"531-541"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment Promotes Weight Loss by Increasing Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Response to Grilo & Pittman (2024)","authors":"Cheri A. Levinson,&nbsp;Juan C. Hernández,&nbsp;Luis E. Sandoval-Araujo","doi":"10.1002/eat.24357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24357","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide commentary on the Grilo and Pittman (2024). Exploring Dietary Restraint as a Mediator of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments on Outcomes for Patients With Binge-Eating Disorder With Obesity article published in the <i>International Journal of Eating Disorders</i>. Grilo and Pittman show that weight loss in the Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment condition is mediated by an increase in rigid restraint, whereas binge eating is not mediated by rigid restraint. They conclude that this result is a positive outcome for patients with binge-eating disorder and shows that BWL is not harmful in this population. We argue that increasing rigid restraint equates to increasing eating disorder symptoms and is harmful in any population, but specifically in those with an already diagnosed eating disorder. In addition, we point out the major limitations of no follow-up data in the mediation report, no measurement of additional eating disorder symptoms that could represent diagnostic migration, and lack of inclusion of weight stigma as additional problems with the stated conclusions. We recommend that the field moves away from measurement of weight loss as an outcome in those with eating disorders and carefully consider what it means to increase restraint/restriction in eating disorder populations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"503-505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Restraint Fallacy","authors":"Anita Jansen","doi":"10.1002/eat.24354","DOIUrl":"10.1002/eat.24354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For decades, the prevailing assumption in the field of eating disorders has been that dietary restraint causes weight gain and eating disorder symptoms, like binge eating. This belief resulted in widespread recommendations to reduce dietary restraint in treatments of eating disorders and obesity. However, recent findings by Grilo and Pittman (2024; <i>International Journal of Eating Disorders</i>) contradict this view, showing reduced binge frequency and greater weight loss with increased rigid dietary restraint. This commentary critically evaluates the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary restraint and overeating, highlighting the limitations of longitudinal and observational studies and the misinterpretations of early laboratory research. Importantly, randomized controlled trials and experiments that directly manipulate calorie intake show that calorie restriction improves eating control and reduces eating disorder symptoms. Conceptual issues are discussed; self-reported dietary restraint is not an accurate reflection of actual calorie restriction. It is argued that cognitive processes like learned food cue reactivity, weak executive skills and increased reward sensitivity can explain tendencies to overeat. They are usually followed by attempts to restrain food intake—essentially reverse causality. It is further hypothesized that the eating of healthy whole foods while avoiding unhealthy ultra-processed foods, could benefit both the prevention and treatment of all eating and weight disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":"58 3","pages":"500-502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/eat.24354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}