International Journal of Eating Disorders最新文献

{"title":"Caregiver-Youth Agreement on the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Survey.","authors":"Julia Carmody, Carly E Milliren, Tracy K Richmond, McGreggor Crowley, Olivia Eldredge, Grace B Jhe, Melissa Freizinger, Elana M Bern","doi":"10.1002/eat.24384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient and caregiver perspectives are critical in the evaluation of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID); however, little is understood about how caregiver and youth perceptions may differ. This study compared caregiver and youth reports among pediatric patients from an outpatient ARFID program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients (217 individuals with ARFID, aged 8-17) and their caregivers completed the Nine-Item ARFID Screen (NIAS), a screening tool with parallel youth and caregiver report forms. The NIAS measures ARFID symptomatology across three presentations: sensory-based selectivity (Picky Eating), low appetite/lack of interest in eating (Appetite), and fear of aversive consequences (Fear). Patient and caregiver NIAS scores were compared using t tests, and agreement was assessed via Pearson correlations. We examined the unadjusted bivariate association between patient age and caregiver-patient agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patient mean age was 12.9 (SD = 2.5) and the majority were male (57.1%) and White, non-Hispanic (68.2%) and with private insurance (88.0%). Caregivers reported higher ARFID symptomatology than patients themselves. Using caregiver scores compared to patients, a larger percentage was classified as all three presentations (23.5% vs. 11.5%) or combined selectivity and appetite (46.0% vs. 31.8%). Caregiver scores were higher on average regardless of patient age.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results support obtaining both patient and caregiver reports whenever possible. Each perspective, as well as areas of discordance, may inform additional evaluation and treatment planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Circadian Rhythm in Chronically-Starved Mice Are Associated With Glial Cell Density Reduction in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus.","authors":"Annelie Zimmermann, Julia Priebe, Hanna Rupprecht, Stephan Lang, Fabienne Haberland, Katharina Schuster, Anna Staffeld, Christoph Berger, Hang Zhu, Alexander Dück, Michael Kölch, Linda Frintrop","doi":"10.1002/eat.24379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by severe weight loss and associated with hyperactivity and circadian rhythm disruption. However, the cellular basis of circadian rhythm disruption is poorly understood. Glial cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the principal circadian pacemaker, are involved in regulating circadian rhythms. We hypothesize that the circadian rhythm disruption in AN patients is associated with glial cell changes in the SCN.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the starvation-induced hyperactivity mouse model, mice had free access to a running wheel and received a restricted amount of food once a day, until a 25% body weight loss was reached and maintained their weight loss for two weeks. This was followed by a refeeding phase. Different daily periods of running wheel activity were defined, such as food anticipatory activity up to 4 h before feeding. Circadian rhythmicity was analyzed using the cosinor method. Gene expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Starvation induced changes in circadian rhythm, as indicated by changes in cosinor-based characteristics. Refeeding reversed these effects. Additionally, there was an increase in cryptochrome circadian regulator 1 expression and a decrease in the density of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the SCN after chronic starvation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Starvation-induced alterations in circadian rhythms are associated with molecular, and cellular changes in the hypothalamus. Reduced astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the SCN in a mouse model of AN suggest that glial pathophysiology may play a role in circadian rhythm disruption.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Experiences Using Family Based Treatment for Eating Disorders.","authors":"Ayla N Gioia, Cate Morales, Agatha A Laboe, Sarah C Dolan, Erin E Reilly","doi":"10.1002/eat.24373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the availability of several evidence-based treatments for eating disorders (EDs), including Family-Based Treatment (FBT), therapist drift from evidence-based treatments in real-life clinical settings is common. This study explores clinicians' use of FBT techniques and identifies clinician-reported barriers to their use in real-world settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinicians (N = 54) who self-identified as using FBT for EDs were recruited through social media, professional listservs, and mental health provider databases. Participants completed an online survey comprised of questions developed alongside ED researchers (n = 5). Questions included quantitative self-rating of frequency of FBT technique use and usefulness, limitations of the treatment, and barriers to effective implementation of FBT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Descriptive statistics indicated frequent use of most FBT techniques (i.e., Ms > 75 on scales ranging from 0 [never use] to 100 [always use]). On a scale from 0 (not at all a barrier) to 100 (a major barrier), ratings of FBT barriers ranged from 25.07 (i.e., caregiver motivation decreases when learning reasons for ED) to 80.70 (i.e., low time resources). Regarding limitations of FBT, between 37% and 42.6% of participants indicated challenges in establishing an alliance with youth and validating their experiences as barriers to treatment success.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall, clinicians reported frequent use of FBT techniques. Barriers that received higher mean ratings included items related to emotional processes experienced by caregivers, caregiver/patient beliefs related to weight stigma/diet culture, resource and time-related constraints, and challenges with caregiver buy-in/beliefs about treatment. Future research should explore ways to adapt FBT to address these barriers within naturalistic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latent Trajectories of Change in Dietary Restriction During Treatment in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa.","authors":"Sophie R Abber, Emily K Presseller, Brianne N Richson, Thomas E Joiner, Christina E Wierenga","doi":"10.1002/eat.24382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Outcomes for low-weight restrictive eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, restricting type (AN-R) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), are sub-optimal. Reducing dietary restriction is a key treatment target. Understanding heterogeneity in patterns of change in dietary restriction may aid in improving outcomes. We examined latent trajectories of change in dietary restriction during treatment and follow-up in AN-R and ARFID.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents and adults with R-EDs (N = 276, 18% ARFID, 90% female, M_age = 18) receiving intensive ED treatment completed assessments at five timepoints. Latent growth mixture modeling examined trajectories of change in dietary restriction, measured using the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory Restricting subscale. Classes were compared on clinical features at admission to determine characteristics prospectively associated with trajectory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 3-class solution emerged: Class 1 comprising individuals with \"good response\" (n = 138; 33% of those with ARFID in the sample); Class 2 with \"good response, rebounding\" (n = 81; 41% of ARFID); and Class 3 with \"gradual response, low symptoms\" (n = 57; 26% of ARFID). Class 3 had lower anxiety and R-ED symptoms than Classes 1 and 2. Class 2 presented with older age than Class 1.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>No ARFID-specific classes emerged, underscoring similarities in response to intensive treatment between AN-R and ARFID.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Invariance on the Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen (NIAS) by Age and Reporter Status: Comparing ARFID Symptoms Among Self-Reporting Adults and Adolescents and Parent Reports of Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Wesley R Barnhart, Liv Hog, Michael J Zickar, Jessica H Baker, Lisa Dinkler, Jerry Guintivano, Jessica S Johnson, Casey MacDermod, Melissa Munn-Chernoff, Nadia Micali, Shelby Ortiz, Emily M Pisetsky, Jennifer P White, Cynthia M Bulik, Laura M Thornton","doi":"10.1002/eat.24381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Self-report measures of ARFID symptoms (e.g., Nine-Item Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screen [NIAS]) are used to assess symptom differences between groups. Measurement invariance techniques clarify if groups interpret a measure similarly, providing a foundation for examining group differences. Considering age and reporter status (e.g., parent vs. self-report), we investigated measurement invariance of the NIAS in (1) self-reporting adults vs. adolescents; (2) parent reports on children vs. adolescents; and (3) parent reports on adolescents vs. adolescent self-report. If measurement invariance was supported, we examined symptom differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were from the ARFID Genes and Environment (ARFID-GEN) project.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Self-reporting adults vs. adolescents and parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self-report interpreted the NIAS similarly (measurement invariance was supported). Measurement invariance was not supported in parent reports on children vs. adolescents. Self-reporting adults reported higher appetite scores (i.e., lower appetite) than self-reporting adolescents at the subscale and item level on the NIAS. Although no subscales differences were identified between parent reports on adolescents and adolescent self-reports, parents reported more picky eating and lower appetite in adolescents than self-reporting adolescents at the item level on the NIAS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings support using the NIAS to measure symptom differences in self-reporting adults vs. adolescents and in parent reports of adolescents vs. adolescent self-reports. Findings may be leveraged by researchers interested in maturational effects of ARFID symptoms in adolescents and adults via self-reports on the NIAS and clinicians interested in tracking the convergence of parent and adolescent NIAS reports while undergoing treatment for ARFID.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Practices and Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence in the Clinical Management of Eating Disorders: Insights From Clinicians and Community Participants.","authors":"Jake Linardon, Claudia Liu, Mariel Messer, Zoe McClure, Cleo Anderson, Hannah K Jarman","doi":"10.1002/eat.24385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) could revolutionize the delivery of mental health care, helping to streamline clinician workflows and assist with diagnostic and treatment decisions. Yet, before AI can be integrated into practice, it is necessary to understand perspectives of these tools to inform facilitators and barriers to their uptake. We gathered data on clinician and community participant perspectives of incorporating AI in the clinical management of eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A survey was distributed internationally to clinicians (n = 116) with experience in eating disorder treatment (psychologists, psychiatrists, etc.) and community participants (n = 155) who reported occurrence of eating disorder behaviors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>59% of clinicians reported use of AI systems (most commonly ChatGPT) for professional reasons, compared to 18% of community participants using them for help-related purposes. While more than half of clinicians (58%) and community participants (53%) were open for AI to help support them, fewer were enthusiastic about their integration (40% and 27%, respectively) and believed that they would significantly improve client outcomes (28% and 13%, respectively). Nine in 10 agreed that AI may be improperly used if individuals are not adequately trained, and could pose new data privacy and security concerns. Most agreed that AI will be convenient, beneficial for administrative tasks, and an avenue for continuous support, but will never outperform human clinicians on relational skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While many clinicians and community participants are open to the use of AI in eating disorder treatment and recognize its possible wide-ranging benefits, most remain cautious and uncertain about its implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Perceived Versus Actual Sensory Perception in Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder.","authors":"Julia Gydus, Katherine Holman, Stephanie Harshman, Madeline Stull, Megan Kuhnle, Olivia Wons, Elisa Asanza, Kristine Hauser, Casey Stern, Kendra R Becker, P Evelyna Kambanis, Madhusmita Misra, Kamryn T Eddy, Nadia Micali, Elizabeth A Lawson, Jennifer J Thomas","doi":"10.1002/eat.24358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) self-report heightened sensitivity to taste and smell, but neither phenomenon has been systematically explored in the laboratory. We hypothesized that, compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 34), children, adolescents, and adults with full/subthreshold ARFID (n = 100; ages 9 to 23 years) would self-report heightened response to taste/smell stimuli and exhibit stronger bitter taste perception and heightened smell perception in performance-based tasks, and these differences would be especially prominent in those with the ARFID-sensory sensitivity presentation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We measured self-reported sensitivity to taste/smell with the adolescent/adult sensory profile (AASP). We measured performance-based bitter taste perception with the regional taste intensity test (RTIT) and 6-N-propylthiouracil (PROP) test, and olfactory performance with the Sniffin' Sticks test (including the odor threshold, odor detection, and odor identification subscales).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, the ARFID group self-reported heightened response to taste/smell on the AASP, compared to HC, with an especially large effect size in the subset with the ARFID-sensory sensitivity presentation. Contrary to hypotheses, on performance-based measures, neither the ARFID group-nor the ARFID-sensory sensitivity group specifically-demonstrated heightened sensitivity to bitter taste on the RTIT or PROP tests, nor heightened smell perception on the Sniffin' Sticks test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These first laboratory findings in a clinically diagnosed sample of individuals with full/subthreshold ARFID highlight the discrepancy between perceived versus actual sensitivity to taste/smell stimuli. Future research should explore whether this discrepancy can be replicated and therapeutically leveraged to facilitate successful food exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevating the Discourse on the Comorbidity and Treatment of Eating Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Commentary on Inal-Kaleli et al. and Nimbley et al.","authors":"Jennifer J Thomas, Iman K McPherson","doi":"10.1002/eat.24363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two recent review papers published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders have considerably elevated the rigor of scholarship on the comorbidity between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and eating disorders. One paper reported that more than one-quarter of individuals with acute anorexia nervosa also have ASD, and that autistic traits are positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology. The other paper reported that, compared to individuals with low autistic traits, those with high autistic traits report poorer experiences of eating disorder treatment, despite similar treatment outcomes. While both papers make excellent points, in this commentary we highlight important challenges in the assessment of ASD that may artificially inflate its prevalence in the context of disordered eating. We then caution the field against completely discarding evidence-based eating disorder treatments in the setting of comorbid ASD. Finally, we offer recommendations for future research to determine when and how eating disorder treatments should be modified to accommodate neurodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143015777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Unmet Needs in Eating Disorders Requires Systemic Change and Co-Production: A Commentary on Ali et al. (2024).","authors":"Agnes Ayton, James Downs, Ali Ibrahim","doi":"10.1002/eat.24377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment gap for eating disorders varies significantly across healthcare systems owing to structural, cultural, and systemic barriers. A recent systematic review by Ali et al. highlighted this disparity, with treatment rates ranging from 2.3% in some US populations to 65.7% in Switzerland, reflecting differences in methodology, healthcare funding, and accessibility. These gaps are exacerbated by inadequate primary care recognition, long waiting lists, and the prioritization of underweight cases, which marginalize individuals with higher body weights or complex comorbidities. Systemic barriers include fragmented care and insufficient interdisciplinary collaboration, especially for individuals with co-occurring conditions such as diabetes, other mental disorders, or neurodivergence. Variations in access to evidence-based treatment also disproportionately affect men, ethnic minorities, and those with newer diagnoses, where a lack of funding and expertise hampers effective intervention. Geographic inequities and reliance on out-of-pocket payments further limit access in some systems. Addressing these disparities requires systemic reforms, including improved training and funding, integrated treatment models, and public prevention programs. Embedding lived experience in research, service design, and policy development can ensure inclusive and culturally sensitive interventions. By targeting the unique challenges of each healthcare system, tailored approaches can reduce inequities, improve access to treatment and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight Stigma's Effects on Misdiagnosis of Eating Disorders Among Laypeople and Healthcare Professionals.","authors":"Natalia Garcia Moreno, D Catherine Walker, Nathalie Gullo, Conor J O'Dea","doi":"10.1002/eat.24374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.24374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There is limited research on weight bias in diagnosing eating disorders (EDs), particularly among healthcare professionals (HCPs). This is especially true for atypical anorexia nervosa, a diagnosis recently described in the DSM that includes people with anorexia nervosa symptoms who are not clinically underweight.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a within-subjects design, we assessed diagnosis, diagnostic confidence, and ED-related medical knowledge among a sample of lay people and medical professionals. Participants read three clinical vignettes (counterbalanced to avoid order effects) of a woman with anorexia nervosa or atypical anorexia nervosa (described as obese) and were assessed on weight stigma and prior ED medical knowledge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both lay people and HCPs were less likely to diagnose atypical anorexia nervosa and were less confident in that diagnosis than in the anorexia nervosa vignette condition. Lay participants' diagnostic bias, but not HCPs', was impacted by weight stigma; HCPs' confidence was impacted by weight stigma. In both cases, participants high in weight stigma were more accurate (lay sample) or more confident (HCPs) in diagnoses. Last, greater ED medical knowledge improved accuracy of diagnosis of vignette cases for the HCP sample that included snowball sample recruitment and CloudResearch participants and lay people, but not for the HCP sample recruited via snowball sampling only.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings highlight the urgency for more public awareness and training for HCPs emphasizing that people of all sizes can present with restrictive eating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":51067,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Eating Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}