Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique最新文献

{"title":"Three clinical indicators of borderline personality disorder in anorexia nervosa: A pilot study","authors":"M. Danon ,&nbsp;P. Duriez ,&nbsp;P. Gorwood","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Co-occurrence of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) is frequent (8%–40%) and associated with specificities that impact the treatment process. Lifetime history of suicide attempt (HAS), substance use disorder (SUD) and the binge-purging subtype (B-P) might be good markers of such comorbidity. We made the hypothesis that in patients with AN, the presence of HAS, SUD and B-P have sufficient predictive power to efficiently detect an associated BPD comorbidity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After a case report analysis on a pilot sample of 119 patients with AN, we performed a cross-sectional analysis on a confirmatory sample of 84 patients with AN in a single center specialized in eating disorders systematically assessing HAS, SUD, B-P and BPD using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for DSM-5 and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline (DIB-R).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>B-P had a 100% negative predictive value, and the combination of SUD plus HAS had a 100% positive predictive value. On a quantitative level, B-P, HAS and SUD were independent explanatory factors of the DIB-R total score.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The main limitations were the low number of patients, the single center analyses, the potential overlapping of assessments and the fact that data were exclusively declarative. In this study, every patient with B-P, SUD and HAS had been diagnosed with BPD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Othello syndrome: A case report and literature review","authors":"Wissal Abid,&nbsp;Mariem Bouhamed,&nbsp;Salma Hentati,&nbsp;Rim Masmoudi,&nbsp;Ines Feki,&nbsp;Rim Sallemi,&nbsp;Jawaher Masmoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bifocal model: A two-level clinical model of psychiatric disorders integrating diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches","authors":"Alexis Vancappel ,&nbsp;Wissam El-Hage ,&nbsp;François Kazour ,&nbsp;Robert Courtois","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Nowadays, two distinct conceptualizations are available to classify, label and guide the treatment of psychiatric disorders: the diagnostic approach and the transdiagnostic approach. There are pros and cons to both approaches. We propose here to link these two conceptualizations by creating a two-level clinical model that takes advantages of both approaches, named the bifocal model (BFM). This two-tier clinical model consists of a double level of analysis: the first step is to identify transdiagnostic mechanisms involved in multiple disorders and then to recognize specific mechanisms identified in a given disorder or cluster of symptoms. Such a process would bring the diagnostic and transdiagnostic approaches together and offer a more flexible way to understand </span>mental disorders and ultimately to improve medical outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle dysmorphia from an addictive perspective: Validation of the Addiction to Body Image Inventory (ABII)","authors":"M. Legendre ,&nbsp;J. Morin ,&nbsp;J. Cuadrado ,&nbsp;M. Côté ,&nbsp;G. Michel ,&nbsp;C. Bégin","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a disorder affecting mainly men and is characterized by significant dissatisfaction with muscles. The idea that MD could represent an addiction has been theoretically discussed, but no empirical data are available. Based on Foster et al. (2015) framework, the Addiction to Body Image Inventory (ABII) was developed. This study aims to validate the ABII and to evaluate its capacity to capture MD severity.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A first community sample of 466 participants was recruited and completed the ABII and questionnaires on MD and body esteem. A second sample of 47 men at risk of MD was recruited mostly in gyms and completed the ABII and questionnaires on MD, eating and psychological symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>With the community sample, the results showed that the ABII had a valid factorial structure, good internal consistency, and good convergent validity. With the sample of men at risk of MD, the results showed that the ABII had good convergent validity with MD and eating symptoms but not with psychological symptoms. The results of a regression model showed that the ABII explained 12% of the MD variance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study brings the first measure of addiction to body image and suggests that MD must be understood as a complex phenomenon including eating symptoms and addictive tendencies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10356100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The body asks and the mind judges: Internal and external factors involved","authors":"Jônatas de Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10096385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact du confinement sur la santé mentale des doctorants, une étude de cohorte dans une université française","authors":"Jérémy Gaudel ,&nbsp;Saloua Ahalli ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Fort ,&nbsp;Yamina Bridai ,&nbsp;Nicole Baborier ,&nbsp;Barbara Charbotel","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Few studies are available on the health status of doctoral students. This position at the border between university studies and a professional activity presents specific risk factors, especially in terms of psychosocial constraints. The lockdowns implemented worldwide to control the COVID-19 pandemic are potentially worsening factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>At Lyon 1 University, a systematic medical follow-up of first year PhD students had been set up by the occupational health service in 2019. In the context of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic, a telephonic interview was proposed to the same PhD students in order to assess the impact of the lockdown on working conditions and health and to provide possible assistance. During this interview, a standardized questionnaire was used to collect information about the conditions during the lockdown, doctoral work during this period and the consequences on research progress, as well as possible financial difficulties due to the lockdown. In addition, questions were asked about the perceived general health conditions and consultation with a health practitioner during this period. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Questions on lifestyle during lockdown, changes in diet during the period, weight change, and changes in the quantity and quality of their sleep were also asked. Comparisons of perceived health status, the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms at baseline and during the follow-up survey were made by MacNemar Chi² tests, as the data were repeated ones. The students were informed orally and in writing that their data would be entered anonymously into a computer and that they could have access to their data in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). They were all informed by e-mail about the study results at the end of the study. The data collection process was registered with the National Institute for Health Data (INDS) and with the university's register under reference no. 2020/002 by the university's data protection officer in compliance with the French data protection laws (CNIL). The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Lyon University College of General Medicine (notification number: 2020-10-29-02).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 161 PhD students initially interviewed, 149 underwent a second interview. In total, 89.2% of the students assessed their health as good or very good. Regarding the answers to the GAD-7 questionnaire, 8.1% had a score equal to or higher than 10, corresponding to moderate to severe anxiety. Regarding the answers to PHQ-9, 19.6% of the PhD students had a score equal to or higher than 9 corresponding to moderate to severe depressive syndromes. The prevalence of an anxiety disorder was significantly associated with the absence of an outside private access in the pla","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013700622002627/pdfft?md5=af5bad754e3663bc4b306560ae52d1db&pid=1-s2.0-S0013700622002627-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9423454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and bifactor structure of the French Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS)","authors":"H. Caci ,&nbsp;C. Didier ,&nbsp;D. Wynchank","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Three scoring methods for the widely available Adult ADHD Symptoms Rating Scale v1.1 (ASRS) have been proposed to screen for ADHD, but these three methods have rarely been compared against formal clinical diagnoses. We aimed to validate the French version of the ASRS against a clinical interview using DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic algorithms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred five adults from a convenience sample were evaluated with the ASRS and the DIVA 2.0, using both DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. We used Confirmatory Factor Analysis to investigate the underlying structure of the ASRS. Sensitivity, specificity, and classification accuracy were compared between the rating algorithms of the ASRS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The full score method had worse predictive performance than the Screener and the 2-stage scoring method. All characteristics of the three scoring methods for the ASRS were worse when applying DSM-5 criteria. The best-fitting structure was a bi-factor model with a general ADHD factor and three specific factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ADHD was best conceived as a one-dimensional construct. The 2-stage scoring method superseded the Screener with comparable sensitivity and specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sleep and therapeutic education needs of military with PTSD","authors":"M. Remadi ,&nbsp;S. Dinis ,&nbsp;L. Bernard ,&nbsp;D. Defontaine ,&nbsp;M. Boussaud ,&nbsp;M. Chennaoui ,&nbsp;E. Saguin","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sleep disorders in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both diagnostic (nocturnal reliving) and prognostic. Poor sleep worsens the daytime symptomatology of PTSD and makes it resistant to treatment. However, no specific treatment is codified in France to treat these sleep disorders although sleep therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia, psychoeducation and relaxation) have proven for years to be effective in treating insomnia. Therapeutic sessions can be part of a therapeutic patient education program, which is a model for the management of chronic pathologies. It allows for an improvement in a patient's quality of life and enhanced medication compliance. We therefore carried out an inventory of sleep disorders of patients with PTSD. First, we collected data by means of sleep diaries concerning the population's sleep disorders at home. Then we assessed the population's expectations and needs regarding its management of sleep, thanks to a semi-qualitative interview. The data from sleep diaries, which was consistent with the literature, showed that our patients suffered from severe sleep disorders that strongly impact their daily lives, with 87% of patients having an increased sleep onset latency, and 88% having nightmares. We observed a strong demand from patients for specific support for these symptoms, 91% expressing an interest in a TPE program targeting sleep disorders. Thanks to the data collected, the emerging themes for a future therapeutic patient education program targeting sleep disorders of soldiers with PTSD are: sleep hygiene; management of nocturnal awakenings, including nightmares; and psychotropic drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9091324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic health according to people with severe mental disease","authors":"Shirley Ba ,&nbsp;Vincent Bianchi ,&nbsp;Antoine Carpentier ,&nbsp;Éric Kieffer ,&nbsp;Laurent Lequin ,&nbsp;Marie-Noëlle Cadou ,&nbsp;Estelle Trinh ,&nbsp;Laurent Lecardeur","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Patients with schizophrenia have a 15- to 20-year shorter life expectancy compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to explore these patients’ perception of their physical health.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A patient reported outcomes measure (PROM) has been developed by patients with severe mental disease. This survey had to better capture undetected, under-rated and non-prioritized physical domains by traditional routine clinical scales that are important for people who live with mental health disease. These patients have tested the applicability of this PROM with peers with severe mental disease in medical, social and community-based centers from Hauts-de-France.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Two and a half years have been required to develop this PROM, to test its applicability to patients with severe mental disease and to analyze the results. The study process has been slowed by the sanitary context induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-two questionnaires have been collected by the participants. Despite this low number of data, participants have been satisfied by the results and their experience. The results show that people with severe mental disease consider physical health as a major concern, notably pain and somatic diseases. External factors (such as accessibility to health care and medication) and internal factors (such as self-esteem, cognitive and negative symptoms, sleep, alimentation, and substance use) have been identified as barriers for physical health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results support the development of PROMs highlighting personal experience of people with severe mental disease. The data obtained thanks to these measures will allow to build programs to help them to cope with barriers for physical health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9416154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Symptomatic Transdiagnostic Test (S2T)","authors":"A. Vancappel ,&nbsp;C. Raysseguier ,&nbsp;H. Coillot ,&nbsp;E. Jansen ,&nbsp;C. Bouyer ,&nbsp;A. Mangolini ,&nbsp;P.G. Barbe ,&nbsp;C. Debout-Courtault ,&nbsp;M. Pierre-le Seac’h ,&nbsp;F. Kazour ,&nbsp;R. Courtois ,&nbsp;W. El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.encep.2022.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The categorical approach in psychiatry has received many criticisms. Modern research tends to develop a transdiagnostic approach. However, transdiagnostic works lack an overall understanding and focus mainly on anxiety and depression. The aim of the present study was to develop an easy to use tool to evaluate multiple dimensions opening the way for further research in the transdiagnostic approach. This will allow researchers to quickly assess the efficacy of psychotherapeutic interventions on multiple psychopathological dimensions.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>First, we identified the main symptoms of psychopathology in a sample of mental healthcare workers. Second, we developed the Symptomatic Transdiagnostic Test (S2T) to assess the main symptoms of psychopathology. Third, we evaluated its psychometric<span> properties (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency) in three non-clinical samples and one clinical sample.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The 66-item S2T included eleven factors referring to: i) negative thoughts and mood; ii) psycho-traumatic and maladaptive symptoms; iii) addiction symptoms; iv) disturbed eating behavior<span>; v) disturbed perception and behavior; vi) panic and agoraphobia; vii) emotional lability; viii) dejection; ix) neurodevelopmental manifestations; x) anxiety and </span></span><em>xi)</em> psychic hyperactivity. We found a high internal consistency for the general scale (α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.96) and the subscales. We found a good concurrent validity. As expected, we found higher levels of symptoms within the clinical population as compared to the non-clinical samples, except for addiction symptoms and disrupted eating behavior. We found negative associations between the symptomatic dimensions and psychological skills.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The S2T is a relevant tool for clinicians and researchers to assess the psychopathological profile. The main psychopathological symptoms are negatively related to the psychological skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51042,"journal":{"name":"Encephale-Revue De Psychiatrie Clinique Biologique et Therapeutique","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10581917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}