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Microbes before microbiology: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and Berlin’s infusoria 微生物学之前的微生物:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg和柏林的infusoria
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100815
Mathias Grote
{"title":"Microbes before microbiology: Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg and Berlin’s infusoria","authors":"Mathias Grote","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Naturalist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg pioneered research on living and fossil infusoria (including protists and bacteria) since the 1830s by collecting samples from all over the world, thus describing numerous microbes and discussing their effects for the planet and for humankind. This article introduces Ehrenberg as a natural historian of microbes and situates his work in the nineteenth century life sciences with respect to debates about cell theory, evolution, and concepts of disease. I argue that in spite of occurring before these major conceptual innovations of the life sciences, Ehrenberg’s work on the diversity of microbes found in earth or air is more exciting than historiography has made it appear so far, especially in light of today’s ecological microbiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"46 1","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39990058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A film review of Black Holes: The Edge of All We Know, directed by Peter Galison. Collapsar, Sandbox Films, 2020. 《黑洞:我们所知的边缘》的影评，由彼得·加里森执导。Collapsar, Sandbox Films, 2020。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100811
Grace Field , Emilie Skulberg
{"title":"A film review of Black Holes: The Edge of All We Know, directed by Peter Galison. Collapsar, Sandbox Films, 2020.","authors":"Grace Field ,&nbsp;Emilie Skulberg","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100811","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"46 1","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71860155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial: Highlighting Endeavour's In Vivo Section 社论:强调奋进的体内部分
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100799
Kate MacCord
{"title":"Editorial: Highlighting Endeavour's In Vivo Section","authors":"Kate MacCord","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100799","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160932721000545/pdfft?md5=e480f37def0141b4d1df1ef41956f2df&pid=1-s2.0-S0160932721000545-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39819802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
书评
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100777
Agnes Arnold-Forster
{"title":"","authors":"Agnes Arnold-Forster","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100777","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100777"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Celestial and mythical origins of the citadel of Bukhara 布哈拉城堡的天界和神话起源。
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100801
Jafar Taheri
{"title":"Celestial and mythical origins of the citadel of Bukhara","authors":"Jafar Taheri","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2022.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Narshakhī's <em>The History of Bukhara</em>, an account from the tenth century AD that has been narrated as a mythical and strange story about the formation of the citadel of Bukhara, has received scanty scholarly attention. This study addresses some of the unknown semantic and symbolic origins of Iranian citadels and fortresses through an analysis of documented legends and other classical sources. This analysis shows that the citadel (<em>qal'a</em>) was built based on the conceptual archetype of the Utopia of Kangdiz (Siāvošgerd) and the geometric shape of Banāt Naʿsh (Big Dipper), which has played a symbolic role in protecting and guarding in Persian cosmology. This celestial analogy can explain the causes and origins of the irregular shape of some other Iranian citadels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44774698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100778
Andrea Parravicini
{"title":"","authors":"Andrea Parravicini","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100778","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71725153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Searching for motives: Suicides of doctors and dentists in the Third Reich and the postwar period, 1933–1949 寻找动机:第三帝国和战后时期医生和牙医的自杀，1933-1949
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100800
Theresa Marie Duckwitz, Dominik Groß
{"title":"Searching for motives: Suicides of doctors and dentists in the Third Reich and the postwar period, 1933–1949","authors":"Theresa Marie Duckwitz,&nbsp;Dominik Groß","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The criminal practices of National Socialism not only led to millions of murders, but also to increased suicide rates. The present study examines a specific aspect of this phenomenon: the suicides and corresponding motives of 275 German doctors and dentists in the period from 1933 to 1949. The analysis is based on a wide variety of primary and secondary sources. Most suicides were due to National Socialist repression, with peaks in 1938 and 1942. One fifth of the cases were among National Socialist perpetrators, with a peak of those suicides occurring in 1945. The motives for suicide ranged from despair to a lack of career prospects to a final act of self-determination and political opposition; many of the doctors experienced or expected a social downfall before attempting suicide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39964661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100781
Miquel Carandell Baruzzi
{"title":"","authors":"Miquel Carandell Baruzzi","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100781","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71790500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The dinosaur from 600 BCE! Interpreting the dragon of Babylon, from archaeological excavation into fringe science 公元前600年的恐龙!解读巴比伦龙，从考古发掘到边缘科学
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100798
Eva Miller
{"title":"The dinosaur from 600 BCE! Interpreting the dragon of Babylon, from archaeological excavation into fringe science","authors":"Eva Miller","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1918, German archaeologist Robert Koldewey, excavator of Babylon, Iraq, observed that the depiction of the fantastical “dragon of Babylon” on the sixth century BCE Ishtar Gate must reference a real animal whose closest relatives would be dinosaurs like the iguanodon. Though ignored within archaeology, Koldewey’s comments were taken up in German-American popular science writer Willy Ley’s “romantic zoology” (1941), then by Bernard Heuvelmans (1955), founding figure in the fringe field of cryptozoology. Their interpretations would ultimately inspire expeditions by the International Society of Cryptozoologists in Central Africa to find the Mokele-Mbembe, a “living dinosaur,” and migrate into Young Earth Creationist and ancient aliens theories. An analysis of Koldewey’s marginal academic observation serves as a means of considering the process of knowledge formation and canonization and the unpredictable life of scholarly ideas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39593708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
书评
IF 0.6 4区 哲学
Endeavour Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100797
Rose-Mary Sargent
{"title":"","authors":"Rose-Mary Sargent","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100797","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"45 4","pages":"Article 100797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46840309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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