Endeavour最新文献_第10页

The legacy of astronaut photography 宇航员摄影的遗产

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100723

Osnat Katz

引用次数: 0

Linguists and their work: Epistemic and ethical challenges 语言学家和他们的工作:认知和伦理挑战

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732

Marek Kuźniak

{"title":"Linguists and their work: Epistemic and ethical challenges","authors":"Marek Kuźniak","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to show how the specific ethics of scientific undertaking tightly underlies epistemic reflection upon the nature of linguistic work and its outcome. The relationship between linguistics and ethics seems evident at the level of the narrative, i.e. the language in which the basic linguistic findings are established. The article is intended as an introduction to an interplay of linguistics, epistemology and the ethics of linguistic work. The departure point for the argument is the CONTAINER perception of language by linguists, which produces the well-established distinction between internalist and externalist positions. The paper, however, invites the reader to reconsider the tension between internalists and externalists and instead argues for a more general opposition, i.e. between the non-transcendental naturalists (naturalists) and transcendental naturalists (extra-naturalists). The polarity is seen as underpinning the present-day debates, while concurrently transversing the traditionally recognised dichotomies. The distinction promises to be productive both at the level of substantive assessment of linguistic research and at the level of epistemic qualification of the outcome of a linguistic study. Sharp and uncompromising as the naturalist vs extra-naturalist dichotomy seems to hold, the paper offers ways to bridge the gap between the apparently exclusive philosophies. The proposed solution, while seemingly only aesthetic, ultimately touches an ethical dimension as it centres on the appropriate construction of the narrative of linguistic fact-finding, which promotes approximative rather than definitive statements in the scholarly discourse. The desired effect is an ethical consensus underlying the work of a linguist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38369409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Our human quest with the Black Hole 人类对黑洞的探索

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100724

Philip Kao , Sebastien Vasey

引用次数: 0

Cast iron street furniture: A historical review 铸铁街道家具:历史回顾

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721

C. Soffritti , L. Calzolari , M. Chicca , R. Bassi Neri , A. Neri , L. Bazzocchi , G.L. Garagnani

{"title":"Cast iron street furniture: A historical review","authors":"C. Soffritti , L. Calzolari , M. Chicca , R. Bassi Neri , A. Neri , L. Bazzocchi , G.L. Garagnani","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The term “street furniture” indicates objects mostly made of cast iron alloys and aimed to improve the quality of life in urban settlements, such as street lamps, fountains and gazebos. These objects are often ancient and relevant as cultural heritage. Despite the constant presence of street furniture in urban settlements, studies of its evolution along centuries are limited. Since functional aspects have been often considered prevalent against artistic and historical values, many objects have been considered obsolete, thus replaced or re-melted. Street furniture rarely received attention by scholars, and studies on this topic have been often incomplete.</p><p>This study reviews the history of street furniture made of cast iron (CI street furniture), first examining the reasons behind the choice of this material, closely related to its diffusion during the First Industrial Revolution. The review discusses the relationship between CI street furniture and cultural heritage based on artistic, aesthetic and ethical issues, also examining historical catalogs. The development of CI street furniture in United Kingdom, France and Italy is reported, together with their local aspects. The production technique is discussed and the importance of preservation of CI street furniture is highlighted, emphasizing the need for globally planned interventions in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38149190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Exploration of the Puerto Rico Trench in the mid-twentieth century: Today’s significance and relevance 20世纪中期波多黎各海沟的勘探:今天的意义和相关性

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719

Alan J. Jamieson , Heather A. Stewart , Paul-Henry Nargeolet

{"title":"Exploration of the Puerto Rico Trench in the mid-twentieth century: Today’s significance and relevance","authors":"Alan J. Jamieson , Heather A. Stewart , Paul-Henry Nargeolet","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Puerto Rico Trench is a deep oceanic subduction zone that runs parallel with the northern coasts of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It is the deepest place in the Atlantic Ocean with a maximum depth of approximately 8400 m. Discovered by the HMS <em>Challenger</em> Expedition in 1875, the depth of the trench increased multiple times in the ensuing 100 years with the onset of sonar usage. It is perhaps unique among the world’s deep trenches in that a series of unrelated but equally pioneering expeditions captured the true biological and geological characteristics of one of the deepest places in the world, observations that are still highly relevant today. Multiple deep water trawling campaigns and surveys using drop cameras and exploratory dives in a deep diving submersible provided great insight into the morphology of the trench, the types of habitat within the trench, the substrate, the food supply, and the diversity of species that inhabit these extraordinary depths. Many of these accounts are obscure and disparate, yet combined bear a remarkable similarity to recent work in other trenches. These unique and insightful accounts are collated and retold here alongside recent and comparable findings to contextualise these discoveries, prevent them from being forgotten, and keep the efforts of those involved to remain relevant as we continue to explore the deepest places of the world’s oceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Nazi Dentists on Trial: On the Political Complicity of a Long-Neglected Professional Community 审判中的纳粹牙医:一个长期被忽视的专业团体的政治共谋

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710

Christiane Elisabeth Rinnen , Jens Westemeier , Dominik Gross

{"title":"Nazi Dentists on Trial: On the Political Complicity of a Long-Neglected Professional Community","authors":"Christiane Elisabeth Rinnen , Jens Westemeier , Dominik Gross","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on the complicity of the medical profession in the crimes of the Third Reich are on the rise. This also applies to the question of the extent to which doctors were brought to justice in international trials after World War II. This topic, however, has hardly been considered—let alone systematically investigated—with respect to German dentists. It is precisely this gap that this article will address. First, we quantitatively identify all dentists who were brought to justice in the post-war period. Second, we give a profile of this group. We focus on the following questions: Who among the group was brought to trial, and when? What crimes were they accused of, which sentences were handed down, and how did these sentences affect their future lives? Our study is based primarily on archival sources, which we analyzed with respect to the relevant secondary literature. Contrary to the widely-held assumption that dentists had almost never had been made to stand trial after the end of the war, we identified 48 dentists who were accused in court. The prototypical accused dentist was male, lived in a traditional family model, belonged to the National Socialist Workers’ Party (NSDAP) and the <em>Waffen-SS</em> (<em>Schutzstaffel</em>), and was part of the so-called <em>Kriegsjugendgeneration</em>. The most frequent allegations made against these men were the theft of dental gold of murdered Nazi victims, an accusation unique to dentists; (accessory to) murder or manslaughter; and involvement in the deadly selections made in the concentration camps. In total, eight dentists were executed. Generally speaking, the earlier these proceedings and the sentencing took place, the harsher the sentence was. Many of those who received prison sentences subsequently found their way back into the dental profession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38207266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Mario Bunge (1919–2020): Physicist, philosopher, champion of science, and citizen of the world 马里奥·邦吉(1919-2020):物理学家、哲学家、科学斗士、世界公民

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100717

Michael Robert Matthews

引用次数: 1

Work on The Principles of Geology is “interrupted,” and Charles Lyell investigates the nature and formation of loess deposits 《地质学原理》的研究工作被“中断”了，查尔斯·莱尔研究了黄土沉积物的性质和形成

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100718

Ian Smalley

引用次数: 0

The Seven Secluded Monkeys of Conrad Gessner 康拉德·格斯纳的《七只与世隔绝的猴子》