Endeavour最新文献_第10页

Blind in the right eye? The practice of awarding honorary memberships by German and Austrian dental societies (1949–1993) to Nazi dentists: A study on the role of National Socialism in post-war dentistry 右眼失明?德国和奥地利牙医协会授予纳粹牙医荣誉会员的做法(1949-1993):国家社会主义在战后牙科中的作用研究

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100751

Karl Frederick Wilms, Dominik Gross

引用次数: 9

Imaginal architectural devices and the ritual space of medieval necromancy 想象中的建筑装置与中世纪巫术的仪式空间

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100748

Andrea Franchetto

{"title":"Imaginal architectural devices and the ritual space of medieval necromancy","authors":"Andrea Franchetto","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The material and spatial dimensions documented in the manuscripts of ritual magic that circulated in the medieval and early modern periods have long eluded researchers. Studying where those rituals take place is important to understand the history of the practice of ritual magic. Few attempts have been done to interpret the reasons behind the construction of magic circles and the use of domestic locations. The author introduces a new interpretative category of such ritual spaces: imaginal architectural devices (IADs). IADs pick out a specific kind of portable, spatially unfixed ritual space, where “magical” ones are a key example. They are temporary architectural artefacts, attested across a swath of sources of ritual magic, that work as strategic tools for orienting cognition, behavior, and belief. Drawing on spatial theory and cognitive studies, the author constructs IADs as a typological category for comparative analysis. It describes architectural operations that work at the interplay between mental projections and material culture, and that modify the perception of space. In the second part of the article, IADs will be applied to study the circles described in the second section of the <em>Liber Iuratus Honorii</em>, a thirteenth-century handbook containing instructions on how to conjure different ranks of spirits. In the end, the author suggests future directions of research on the transmission of IADs into contemporary ritual magic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25340721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

‘The moon quivered like a snake’: A medieval chronicler, lunar explosions, and a puzzle for modern interpretation “月亮像蛇一样颤抖”:中世纪编年史家，月球爆炸，以及现代解释的难题

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100750

Giles E.M. Gasper , Brian K. Tanner

{"title":"‘The moon quivered like a snake’: A medieval chronicler, lunar explosions, and a puzzle for modern interpretation","authors":"Giles E.M. Gasper , Brian K. Tanner","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite some scepticism, the suggestion by Hartung in 1976 that the report in the chronicle of Gervase of Canterbury corresponded to a meteorite impact with the moon in 1178, creating the Giordano Bruno crater, retains considerable support, particularly in popular scientific writing. Nevertheless, a series of studies of images of the crater from orbiting satellites, although confirming its young geological age, have indicated that it was not created within recorded human history. In this paper, we examine astronomical entries in Gervase’s chronicle relating to eclipses and conclude that, despite there being descriptions of miracles elsewhere in the manuscript, he himself was a reliable reporter of astronomical events. On this basis an alternative suggestion can be put forward for the splitting of the horns and writhing of the body of the new moon, reported to Gervase: atmospheric turbulence. Although general atmospheric turbulence has been previously dismissed as too small an effect, it is possible to show that the description is consistent with viewing the new moon through a column of hot air from a fire, at a moderate distance and out of the line of sight of the observers. This interpretation of the medieval evidence as credible but unrelated to a lunar event is consistent with twenty-first century lunar studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25314333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

书评

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2021.100752

Rebecca Martin

引用次数: 0

The legacy of astronaut photography 宇航员摄影的遗产

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100723

Osnat Katz

引用次数: 0

Linguists and their work: Epistemic and ethical challenges 语言学家和他们的工作:认知和伦理挑战

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732

Marek Kuźniak

{"title":"Linguists and their work: Epistemic and ethical challenges","authors":"Marek Kuźniak","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to show how the specific ethics of scientific undertaking tightly underlies epistemic reflection upon the nature of linguistic work and its outcome. The relationship between linguistics and ethics seems evident at the level of the narrative, i.e. the language in which the basic linguistic findings are established. The article is intended as an introduction to an interplay of linguistics, epistemology and the ethics of linguistic work. The departure point for the argument is the CONTAINER perception of language by linguists, which produces the well-established distinction between internalist and externalist positions. The paper, however, invites the reader to reconsider the tension between internalists and externalists and instead argues for a more general opposition, i.e. between the non-transcendental naturalists (naturalists) and transcendental naturalists (extra-naturalists). The polarity is seen as underpinning the present-day debates, while concurrently transversing the traditionally recognised dichotomies. The distinction promises to be productive both at the level of substantive assessment of linguistic research and at the level of epistemic qualification of the outcome of a linguistic study. Sharp and uncompromising as the naturalist vs extra-naturalist dichotomy seems to hold, the paper offers ways to bridge the gap between the apparently exclusive philosophies. The proposed solution, while seemingly only aesthetic, ultimately touches an ethical dimension as it centres on the appropriate construction of the narrative of linguistic fact-finding, which promotes approximative rather than definitive statements in the scholarly discourse. The desired effect is an ethical consensus underlying the work of a linguist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100732","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38369409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Our human quest with the Black Hole 人类对黑洞的探索

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100724

Philip Kao , Sebastien Vasey

引用次数: 0

Cast iron street furniture: A historical review 铸铁街道家具:历史回顾

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721

C. Soffritti , L. Calzolari , M. Chicca , R. Bassi Neri , A. Neri , L. Bazzocchi , G.L. Garagnani

{"title":"Cast iron street furniture: A historical review","authors":"C. Soffritti , L. Calzolari , M. Chicca , R. Bassi Neri , A. Neri , L. Bazzocchi , G.L. Garagnani","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The term “street furniture” indicates objects mostly made of cast iron alloys and aimed to improve the quality of life in urban settlements, such as street lamps, fountains and gazebos. These objects are often ancient and relevant as cultural heritage. Despite the constant presence of street furniture in urban settlements, studies of its evolution along centuries are limited. Since functional aspects have been often considered prevalent against artistic and historical values, many objects have been considered obsolete, thus replaced or re-melted. Street furniture rarely received attention by scholars, and studies on this topic have been often incomplete.</p><p>This study reviews the history of street furniture made of cast iron (CI street furniture), first examining the reasons behind the choice of this material, closely related to its diffusion during the First Industrial Revolution. The review discusses the relationship between CI street furniture and cultural heritage based on artistic, aesthetic and ethical issues, also examining historical catalogs. The development of CI street furniture in United Kingdom, France and Italy is reported, together with their local aspects. The production technique is discussed and the importance of preservation of CI street furniture is highlighted, emphasizing the need for globally planned interventions in this field.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38149190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Exploration of the Puerto Rico Trench in the mid-twentieth century: Today’s significance and relevance 20世纪中期波多黎各海沟的勘探:今天的意义和相关性

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719

Alan J. Jamieson , Heather A. Stewart , Paul-Henry Nargeolet

{"title":"Exploration of the Puerto Rico Trench in the mid-twentieth century: Today’s significance and relevance","authors":"Alan J. Jamieson , Heather A. Stewart , Paul-Henry Nargeolet","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Puerto Rico Trench is a deep oceanic subduction zone that runs parallel with the northern coasts of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. It is the deepest place in the Atlantic Ocean with a maximum depth of approximately 8400 m. Discovered by the HMS <em>Challenger</em> Expedition in 1875, the depth of the trench increased multiple times in the ensuing 100 years with the onset of sonar usage. It is perhaps unique among the world’s deep trenches in that a series of unrelated but equally pioneering expeditions captured the true biological and geological characteristics of one of the deepest places in the world, observations that are still highly relevant today. Multiple deep water trawling campaigns and surveys using drop cameras and exploratory dives in a deep diving submersible provided great insight into the morphology of the trench, the types of habitat within the trench, the substrate, the food supply, and the diversity of species that inhabit these extraordinary depths. Many of these accounts are obscure and disparate, yet combined bear a remarkable similarity to recent work in other trenches. These unique and insightful accounts are collated and retold here alongside recent and comparable findings to contextualise these discoveries, prevent them from being forgotten, and keep the efforts of those involved to remain relevant as we continue to explore the deepest places of the world’s oceans.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100719","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Nazi Dentists on Trial: On the Political Complicity of a Long-Neglected Professional Community 审判中的纳粹牙医:一个长期被忽视的专业团体的政治共谋

IF 0.6 4区哲学

Endeavour Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710

Christiane Elisabeth Rinnen , Jens Westemeier , Dominik Gross

{"title":"Nazi Dentists on Trial: On the Political Complicity of a Long-Neglected Professional Community","authors":"Christiane Elisabeth Rinnen , Jens Westemeier , Dominik Gross","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on the complicity of the medical profession in the crimes of the Third Reich are on the rise. This also applies to the question of the extent to which doctors were brought to justice in international trials after World War II. This topic, however, has hardly been considered—let alone systematically investigated—with respect to German dentists. It is precisely this gap that this article will address. First, we quantitatively identify all dentists who were brought to justice in the post-war period. Second, we give a profile of this group. We focus on the following questions: Who among the group was brought to trial, and when? What crimes were they accused of, which sentences were handed down, and how did these sentences affect their future lives? Our study is based primarily on archival sources, which we analyzed with respect to the relevant secondary literature. Contrary to the widely-held assumption that dentists had almost never had been made to stand trial after the end of the war, we identified 48 dentists who were accused in court. The prototypical accused dentist was male, lived in a traditional family model, belonged to the National Socialist Workers’ Party (NSDAP) and the <em>Waffen-SS</em> (<em>Schutzstaffel</em>), and was part of the so-called <em>Kriegsjugendgeneration</em>. The most frequent allegations made against these men were the theft of dental gold of murdered Nazi victims, an accusation unique to dentists; (accessory to) murder or manslaughter; and involvement in the deadly selections made in the concentration camps. In total, eight dentists were executed. Generally speaking, the earlier these proceedings and the sentencing took place, the harsher the sentence was. Many of those who received prison sentences subsequently found their way back into the dental profession.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38207266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6