Endeavour最新文献

{"title":"From the South Pole to the stars: Antarctica and outer space","authors":"Emma Johanna Puranen","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The histories of Antarctica and outer space share relational trajectories. In our modern era of increasing commercialisation of space and discussion of space resource utilization, humanity’s future in space can be informed by the history of human activity in Antarctica. This paper begins with a critical discussion of why space and Antarctica are compared, then introduces areas of comparison through a relational trajectories lens, including their physical environments, human psychosocial experiences, governance, and science fiction portrayals. It contributes to the discussion of the value the humanities can provide for science, in this case the science of human spaceflight and space travel, particularly by providing an ethical check and asking critical questions regarding rights and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 4","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145278064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The electronic vesalius: an experimental reorganization of disciplinary contents and contexts, in the reanimation of visual histories of anatomy","authors":"John Mulligan ,&nbsp;Matthew Wettergreen","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101018","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;An interdisciplinary team at Rice University and the Texas Medical Center Library collaborated in the development of an atlas-of-anatomy-atlases centered around Andreas Vesalius’ 1543 &lt;em&gt;Fabrica&lt;/em&gt;. As an installation piece, the finished product bridged the divides between physical and digital image-texts and disciplinary methods; but in the process of its development as a year-long project, it suggested that problems in one siloed field can be solutions in another, when viewed in a collaborative context. In this paper we lay out the materials, the contexts, the content, the collaborators, and the technologies that provisionally reorganized a portion of the visual history of anatomy in 2016, and suggest how this might be used to inspire future projects in the affordable reanimation of archival image-texts as museum interactives, as well as interdisciplinary collaborations more broadly.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;A multidisciplinary team at Rice University collaborated with the Texas Medical Center Library’s rare book librarians to produce a combined digital/physical atlas of anatomy atlases, whose primary touch-sensitive interface was based on the fifth woodcut plate of muscles from Andreas Vesalius’ &lt;em&gt;De Humani Corporis Fabrica&lt;/em&gt;, first published in 1543. This piece, installed in the library’s lobby, allowed visitors to physically interact with difficult-to-access objects from the rare book room’s extensive collection of pre-digital anatomy atlases. The project began out of a fascination with the medical humanities resources held in the library’s rare books room, which are only available to researchers under supervision. Because the medical humanities seek to broaden the conception of medicine beyond the narrowly biomedical, we thought that showing the history of anatomy across the library’s holdings in the entry room of a modern medical library could productively bring students out of their daily context. But as we worked with the primary source materials, the secondary scholarship, and the technological affordances of the media we used to build this interactive atlas, we found our goals evolving from bringing visitors to see the history of their field, toward a desire to bring that long history back to life and to allow it to say something that might be new, at least in the site-specific context of the installation. Our key methodological finding was that STS and engineering design are felicitously productive partners in the medium of critical making/design. This project’s impact registered in the domains of public communication, scholarly research, and pedagogy, as an installation piece, peer-reviewed publications, and inspiration for future projects. Through the process of constructing this hybrid interface, the team borrowed from past print and medical techniques as well as current electronics and digital media technologies. Moreover, the team generated new problems and solutions in the areas of interface design, interactivity, and digital","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence through reform: Training graduate students in Chinese Academy of Sciences (1950s–1980s)","authors":"Lin Sichun,&nbsp;Wang Anyi","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chinese graduate education is unique in that national scientific research institutions have autonomous degree-granting and training authority, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) playing a leading role. As the cornerstone of China’s national science and technology system, the CAS has been both the pioneering and driving force behind the system’s graduate programs. This study explores how the CAS has shaped this educational model. In the 1950 s, facing a lack of research-focused roles in universities and misaligned training objectives, the CAS adopted a model resembling the Soviet Academy of Sciences, integrating graduate training into collaborative research. Yet this approach created tensions between research priorities and educational goals. By the 1980s, the growing research capabilities of universities further challenged the CAS’s position. To reconcile these internal and external conflicts—and to cultivate high-level scientific talent aligned with national strategic needs—the CAS drew lessons from the American graduate school system. Through external collaboration and internal integration, it reformed its training model to better serve national objectives. Drawing on extensive archival and historical research, this paper traces the evolution of the CAS’s graduate training model and its enduring role in both graduate education and national research. It analyzes how the autonomous training model of China’s national research institutions emerged and persisted, as well as how the CAS’s reforms have influenced the trajectory of graduate education in China. Ultimately, it offers fresh perspectives on the distinctive features of Chinese graduate education and the contributions of national research institutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data, computation and user interfaces in the Boxwood Project","authors":"Lisa Ellis ,&nbsp;Alexandra Suda ,&nbsp;Andrew Nelson","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2011, conservator Lisa Ellis and curator Sasha Suda of the Art Gallery of Ontario (AGO), started a small-scale research project focused on the manufacturing secrets of a group of sixteenth century, northern European miniature boxwood carvings. The venture slowly grew with the addition of specialists from other museums and scientists in research institutions as well as experts in computational imaging, database conception and construction, and a senior digital artist, designer, and technologist. It was only with the combined skillset and knowledge of this interdisciplinary ensemble that the virtuosic construction of these objects was uncovered. There were two concurrent and foundational phases of digital data gathering and production in the project. The first centred on micro-CT scanning to investigate the structure of these diminutive artworks, a venture carried out initially by the AGO and at Western University, London, Canada. Simultaneously, an ambitious, AGO-driven but privately funded, high resolution digital photography campaign set out to capture each known example of miniature Gothic boxwood objects in the world. These were used to populate a publicly accessible database. The following describes the development of the Boxwood Project (2011–2016) in detail and reveals how the community of interdisciplinary researchers was built. The co-operative spirit of the boxwood community outlived the exhibition project and the abundance of data amassed has continued to bear fruit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A book review of Philosophy as Descartes Found It: Practice and Theory by Brian Copenhaver. Oxford University Press, 2024, 384 Pages | c. 70 illustrations ISBN: 9780198920052, £ 35.00, hardback","authors":"Matteo Colombo","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144770548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vesalius and Pulicat: Skeletal imagery in seventeenth-century south India","authors":"Dániel Margócsy ,&nbsp;John Mathew","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article identifies the first known instance of visual engagement with the iconic anatomical imagery of Andreas Vesalius’ <em>De humani corporis fabrica</em> (1543) east of Istanbul. Two skeleton men from the <em>Fabrica</em> provide the design for skeletal sculptures decorating the Dutch cemetery in the colonial port town of Pulicat, in Tamil Nadu, India. We ask what it meant to engage with these iconic images of European anatomy in a seventeenth-century trading port on the Bay of Bengal, both for those who were responsible for their production and for those who passed by the cemetery. This article argues that the visual solutions of the Pulicat sculptures bring into conversation not only medical anatomy and funerary architecture, but also the artistic traditions of Europe and the Deccan, and, most importantly, the somewhat differing early modern European and Indian approaches to visualizing the skeletal structures of human bodies. The Pulicat sculptures can be productively understood as a potential meeting point for the contemplation of the fragile human body from the perspectives of European and Islamicate anatomy, Christian traditions of natural theology and memento mori, as well as South Indian and especially mystic Sufi asceticism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hoops, loops and eyewitness reliability: a history of biologically impossible aquatic monsters","authors":"C.G.M. Paxton ,&nbsp;A.J. Shine","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.101005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we outline the history of serpentiform aquatic monster reports and images that contain a zoological impossibility: the presence of loops or arches of the body above the water in a vertically flexing animal body. Images of such serpentiform animals have been common ever since the sixteenth century yet the actual proportion of such eyewitness reports, especially at Loch Ness, has until recently been extremely low, far lower than the proportion of hooped imagery in art portraying the Loch Ness Monster. As the biological impossibility of such arched animals is not widely known, yet the images of such monsters both historically and contemporaneously are extremely common, this allows a test of contemporary eyewitness testimony. Few reports mention vertical arches in freshwater or marine contexts. This low proportion suggests cultural background has <em>not</em> influenced the content of aquatic monster reports, in contrast to previous work in the field. This insight supports the contention that the majority of eyewitness reports are actually based on some underlying physical reality, even if not representing an actual encounter with an unknown species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 3","pages":"Article 101005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Ceres: Gendered histories of agricultural and horticultural sciences","authors":"Erela Teharlev Ben-Shachar ,&nbsp;Donald L. Opitz","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100995","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100995"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The figure of Darwin in colloquial science","authors":"Jamie Freestone","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In works of colloquial science, by Richard Dawkins and Jerry Coyne, Charles Darwin appears as a Great Man. The authors cite substantial biographies of Darwin and serious histories of science. Yet the <em>figure</em> of Darwin that makes it into these colloquial texts is conveyed in just a few sentences and represents not so much an outline sketch of the full portrait found in the biographies, as a mythic hero, one that needs no introduction. We can assume that the authors assume that their audiences meet the text with cultural knowledge of Darwin, priming them to see him as a singular, ahistorical figure. This cultural knowledge is what Adrian Wilson has called “science’s imagined pasts”—a set of stories perpetuated by scientists today, about how science has progressed in the last few centuries. This prompts an irony of the sub-genre, <em>i.e.</em> books advocating Darwinism using Darwin. In communicating the blind and purposeless process of natural selection, they rely on a pre-scientific and teleological notion of human action: history happens because of the designs of Great Men like Darwin. For critical readers of these texts, there is another irony to heed. We are in a position analogous to the biologist trying to understand the functions of an organism’s traits. Dawkins and Coyne read traits as reflections of the environment in which ancestors evolved: an imagined past of a different kind. But as with organisms, so with texts; this interpretive strategy is reliable in proportion to how long its target has survived.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charles Bogue Luffman, Ina Higgins, and science at the Burnley School of horticulture in Melbourne, Australia, 1891–1919","authors":"Sandra E. Pullman","doi":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.endeavour.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This appraisal investigates the development of scientifically based horticultural education in Australia. At the end of the nineteenth century, the discipline of horticulture underwent a major shift from a craft-based occupation to a scientific-based profession. Within this context, two Australian horticultural pioneers emerged—Charles Bogue Luffman (1862–1920) and Ina Higgins (1860–1948). Both are considered in the context of being connected to Australia’s first horticultural college opening in 1891, the Burnley School of Horticultural. This appraisal discusses the Victorian Colonial Government progressive attitude to horticultural education to addressed the lack of skills and knowledge of orchardists and the introduction of women students. The appraisal’s analysis investigates the models of curriculum used and discusses whether there were any intercolonial connections to other British colonies. Through the historiography of literature, the appraisal shows that new interest in Higgins and Luffman has emerged especially in garden design and employment for women nevertheless horticultural education still lags. And finally, the new information presented discusses why horticultural was more progressive than agriculture and acknowledges there were prejudices towards education women in the rural industries. This including exposing banning women from 1909 to 1911 was not gender based but financial and Burnley’s connection with the women’s movement of Victoria overcame this banning hurdle. Presented throughout the appraisal is the contribution Higgins and Luffman made individually and together.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51032,"journal":{"name":"Endeavour","volume":"49 2","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}