Ecohealth最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Behavioral Risk Factors Driving Zoonotic Spillover Among High-risk Populations in Myanmar.","authors":"Su Yadana, Marc T Valitutto, Ohnmar Aung, Lee-Ann C Hayek, Jennifer H Yu, Theingi Win Myat, Htin Lin, Moh Moh Htun, Hlaing Myat Thu, Emily Hagan, Leilani Francisco, Suzan Murray","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01636-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10393-023-01636-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global emergence of zoonoses warrants improved awareness of activities that predispose vulnerable communities to greater risk of disease. Zoonotic disease outbreaks regularly occur within Myanmar and at its borders partly due to insufficient knowledge of behavioral risks, hindering participatory surveillance and reporting. This study employed a behavioral surveillance strategy among high-risk populations to understand the behavioral risks for zoonotic disease transmission in an effort to identify risk factors for pathogen spillover. To explore behavioral mechanisms of spillover in Myanmar, we aimed to: (1) evaluate the details around animal contact and types of interaction, (2) assess the association between self-reported unusual symptoms (i.e., any illness or sickness that is not known or recognized in the community or diagnosed by medical providers) and animal contact activities and (3) identify the potential risk factors including behavioral practices of self-reported illness. Participants were enrolled at two community sites: Hpa-An and Hmawbi in Southern Myanmar. A behavioral questionnaire was administered to understand participants' animal exposures, behaviors and self-reported illnesses. From these responses, associations between (1) animal contact activities and self-reported unusual illnesses, and (2) potential risk factors and self-reported unusual illness were tested. Contact with poultry seemed to be very frequent (91.1%) and many participants reported raising, handling and having poultry in their houses as well as slaughtering or being scratched/bitten by them, followed by contact with rodents (57.8%) and swine (17.9%). Compared to participants who did not have any unusual symptoms, participants who had unusual symptoms in the past year were more likely to have sold dead animals (OR = 13.6, 95% CI 6.8-27.2), slaughtered (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.3), raised (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-5.0) or handled animals (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6), and had eaten sick (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 3.0-6.4) and/or dead animals (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 4.1-8.8) in the same year. Odds of having reported unusual symptoms was higher among those involved in animal production business (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.9-6.2) and animal-involved livelihoods (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.2) compared to other livelihoods. The results suggest that there is a high level of interaction between humans, livestock and wild animals in communities we investigated in Myanmar. The study highlights the specific high-risk behaviors as they relate to animal contact and demographic risk factors for zoonotic spillover. Our findings contribute to human behavioral data needed to develop targeted interventions to prevent zoonotic disease transmission at human-animal interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10230129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Exposure to Bats, Rodents and Monkeys in Bangladesh.","authors":"Ireen Sultana Shanta,&nbsp;Stephen P Luby,&nbsp;Kamal Hossain,&nbsp;James D Heffelfinger,&nbsp;A Marm Kilpatrick,&nbsp;Najmul Haider,&nbsp;Taifur Rahman,&nbsp;Shovon Chakma,&nbsp;Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed,&nbsp;Yushuf Sharker,&nbsp;Juliet R C Pulliam,&nbsp;Erin D Kennedy,&nbsp;Emily S Gurley","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01628-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01628-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats, rodents and monkeys are reservoirs for emerging zoonotic infections. We sought to describe the frequency of human exposure to these animals and the seasonal and geographic variation of these exposures in Bangladesh. During 2013-2016, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 10,002 households from 1001 randomly selected communities. We interviewed household members about exposures to bats, rodents and monkeys, including a key human-bat interface-raw date palm sap consumption. Respondents reported observing rodents (90%), bats (52%) and monkeys (2%) in or around their households, although fewer reported direct contact. The presence of monkeys around the household was reported more often in Sylhet division (7%) compared to other divisions. Households in Khulna (17%) and Rajshahi (13%) were more likely to report drinking date palm sap than in other divisions (1.5-5.6%). Date palm sap was mostly consumed during winter with higher frequencies in January (16%) and February (12%) than in other months (0-5.6%). There was a decreasing trend in drinking sap over the three years. Overall, we observed substantial geographic and seasonal patterns in human exposure to animals that could be sources of zoonotic disease. These findings could facilitate targeting emerging zoonoses surveillance, research and prevention efforts to areas and seasons with the highest levels of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In This Issue.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01624-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01624-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10610122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Movement of Pathogen Carrying Flies at the Human-Wildlife Interface.","authors":"Mueena Jahan,&nbsp;Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer,&nbsp;Colin A Chapman,&nbsp;Urs Kalbitzer,&nbsp;Fabian H Leendertz,&nbsp;Patrick A Omeja,&nbsp;Dipto Sarkar,&nbsp;Markus Ulrich,&nbsp;Jan F Gogarten","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01621-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01621-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flies form high-density associations with human settlements and groups of nonhuman primates and are implicated in transmitting pathogens. We investigate the movement of nonhuman primate-associated flies across landscapes surrounding Kibale National Park, Uganda, using a mark-recapture experiment. Flies were marked in nine nonhuman primate groups at the forest edge ([Formula: see text] = 929 flies per group), and we then attempted to recapture them in more anthropized areas (50 m, 200 m and 500 m from where marked; 2-21 days after marking). Flies marked in nonhuman primate groups were recaptured in human areas (19/28,615 recaptured). Metabarcoding of the flies in nonhuman primate groups revealed the DNA of multiple eukaryotic primate parasites. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of flies to serve as vectors between nonhuman primates, livestock and humans at this biodiverse interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans' Amphibian Host Species and Invasion Range.","authors":"Federico Castro Monzon,&nbsp;Mark-Oliver Rödel,&nbsp;Florian Ruland,&nbsp;Gabriela Parra-Olea,&nbsp;Jonathan M Jeschke","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01620-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01620-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a species related to the destructive pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), was found and identified in Europe in 2013. Now, a decade later, a large amount of information is available. This includes data from studies in the field, reports of infection in captive amphibians, laboratory studies testing host susceptibility, and data from prospective studies that test for Bsal's presence in a location. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and compiled a dataset of Bsal tests. We identified 67 species that have been reported positive for Bsal, 20 of which have a threatened conservation status. The distribution of species that have been found with infection encompasses 69 countries, highlighting the potential threat that Bsal poses. We point out where surveillance to detect Bsal have taken place and highlight areas that have not been well monitored. The large number of host species belonging to the families Plethodontidae and Salamandridae suggests a taxonomic pattern of susceptibility. Our results provide insight into the risk posed by Bsal and identifies vulnerable species and areas where surveillance is needed to fill existing knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"475-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Host of an Emerging Disease: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Kept Under Clinical Care in Brazil.","authors":"Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira,&nbsp;Gabriela Oliveira Pereira,&nbsp;Jaqueline Camargo Borges,&nbsp;Victoria Luiza de Barros Silva,&nbsp;Bárbara Hawanna Marques Pereira,&nbsp;Thays Oliveira Morgado,&nbsp;Joao Paulo da Silva Cavasani,&nbsp;Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko,&nbsp;Richard Pacheco Campos,&nbsp;Alexander Welker Biondo,&nbsp;Renan de Carvalho Mendes,&nbsp;Pedro Eduardo Brandini Néspoli,&nbsp;Marcos Almeida de Souza,&nbsp;Edson Moleta Colodel,&nbsp;Daniel Guimarães Ubiali,&nbsp;Valéria Dutra,&nbsp;Luciano Nakazato","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01623-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01623-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A young male free-ranging giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was found with paralysis of pelvic limbs on a highway and kept under human care. Radiographs confirmed multiple incomplete fractures in the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was chosen. The infection was established by viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in the rectal swab, spleen and kidney samples. Immunohistochemistry detected the viral nucleocapsid protein in sections of the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and large intestine sections, and spike protein antigen in the lung tissue. Pilosa order species should be included as potential hosts of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"458-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9872066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10746259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Down the Rabbit Hole: Domestic Rabbit Owners' Perceptions of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2.","authors":"Hannah G Shapiro,&nbsp;Mark G Ruder,&nbsp;Elizabeth F Pienaar","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01622-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01622-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a highly contagious pathogen that infects wild and domestic rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). Globally, RHDV2 has resulted in substantial economic losses for commercial rabbit trade and caused wild lagomorph population declines. Previous research on RHDV2 suggests that human-mediated movement of rabbits may contribute to the spread of RHDV2. We conducted the first survey of individuals who own or interact with domestic rabbits to identify their rabbit husbandry behaviors and knowledge of, and concerns about, RHDV2. In 2021, we surveyed 1807 rabbit owners, breeders, and rescue staff in the USA. Respondents had a high level of knowledge about RHDV2. Respondents believed RHDV2 posed a high risk to rabbit-related activities and were concerned about its economic and ecological impacts. Nearly half of respondents always kept their rabbits indoors, but 10.7% of respondents allowed their rabbits outside frequently on properties used by wild lagomorphs. Respondents with five rabbits or less were generally willing to vaccinate their rabbits, but respondents with larger herds argued that vaccines were cost prohibitive. Given respondents' concerns about RHDV2, communication about disease prevention should highlight the adverse ecological and economic consequences of RHDV2.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"487-501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10761973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbivirus RNA in a Banana Serotine (Afronycteris nanus) Bat in the Republic of the Congo.","authors":"Kenneth N Cameron,&nbsp;Jean-Vivien Mombouli,&nbsp;Fabien R Niama,&nbsp;Ben Hayes,&nbsp;Sarah H Olson,&nbsp;Brett R Smith,&nbsp;Jasmine Pante,&nbsp;Sanjit Roy,&nbsp;Anne Laudisoit,&nbsp;Tracey Goldstein,&nbsp;Damien O Joly,&nbsp;Romain Bagamboula MPassi,&nbsp;Christian E Lange","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01619-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01619-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Orbiviruses are arthropod borne viruses of vertebrates, with some of them being important pathogens of veterinary, conservation and economic importance, while others are occasionally associated with human disease. Some apparently bat specific orbiviruses have been detected, but little is known about their distribution and diversity. We thus sampled and screened 52 bats living in the Congo Basin, and detected RNA indicative of a novel orbivirus in a single banana serotine (Afronycteris nanus) by PCR. The detected RNA clusters with epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus, bluetongue virus, and others. The findings highlight the need for more studies into arbovirus presence and diversity in bat species.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"443-449"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9838363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aetiology and Potential Animal Exposure in Central Nervous System Infections in Vietnam.","authors":"Hannah E Brindle, Behzad Nadjm, Marc Choisy, Rob Christley, Michael Griffiths, Stephen Baker, Juliet E Bryant, James I Campbell, Van Vinh Chau Nguyen, Thi Ngoc Diep Nguyen, Ty Thi Hang Vu, Van Hung Nguyen, Bao Long Hoang, Xuan Luat Le, Ha My Pham, Thi Dieu Ngan Ta, Dang Trung Nghia Ho, Thua Nguyen Tran, Thi Han Ny Nguyen, My Phuc Tran, Thi Hong Phuong Pham, Van Tan Le, Dac Thuan Nguyen, Thi Thu Trang Hau, Ngoc Vinh Nguyen, Heiman F L Wertheim, Guy E Thwaites, H Rogier van Doorn","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01611-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10393-022-01611-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An estimated 73% of emerging infections are zoonotic in origin, with animal contact and encroachment on their habitats increasing the risk of spill-over events. In Vietnam, close exposure to a wide range of animals and animal products can lead to acquisition of zoonotic pathogens, a number of which cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. However, studies show the aetiology of CNS infections remains unknown in around half of cases. We used samples and data from hospitalised patients with CNS infections, enrolled into the Vietnam Initiative on Zoonotic Infections multicentre study, to determine the association between aetiology and animal contact including those in whom the cause was unknown. Among 933 patients, a pathogen or an antibody response to it was identified in 291 (31.2%, 95% CI 28.3-34.3%). The most common pathogens were Streptococcus suis (n = 91 (9.8%, 8.0-11.9%)) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) (n = 72 (7.7%, 6.1-9.7%)). Commonly reported animal contact included keeping, raising or handling (n = 364 (39.0%, 35.9-42.2%)) and handling, cooking or consuming raw meat, blood or viscera in the 2 weeks prior to symptom onset (n = 371 (39.8%, 36.6-43.0%)), with the latter most commonly from pigs (n = 343 (36.9%, 33.8-40.1%). There was no association between an unknown aetiology and exposure to animals in a multivariate logistic regression. Further testing for unknown or undetected pathogens may increase diagnostic yield, however, given the high proportion of zoonotic pathogens and the presence of risk factors, increasing public awareness about zoonoses and preventive measures can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"463-474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9558024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9108652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An institutional Lens on the History of One Health.","authors":"Colin R Wilks","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01617-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01617-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"440-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10657593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}