Ecohealth最新文献

{"title":"Limited Effect of Ground Floor Fogging on Mosquito Distribution in High-Rise Condominia.","authors":"Jin Min Lee,&nbsp;Ryan J Wasserman,&nbsp;Robyn F Wilson,&nbsp;Ross N Cuthbert,&nbsp;Sadequr Rahman,&nbsp;Sze Huei Yek","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01629-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01629-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fogging with insecticides is one of the main control measures for adult mosquito populations employed in countries that are affected by dengue. In many such countries, urban communities are increasingly characterised by high-density residence in high-rise condominia. Although fogging is typically applied at the ground level, its efficacy in three-dimensional urban environments is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of fogging on vector mosquito distribution and abundance in high-rise condominia by conducting a before-after fogging survey. We showed that although mosquitoes were significantly concentrated at the lower levels in high-rise condominia, they were found throughout the three-dimensional environments. Fogging did not significantly alter this distribution or abundance pattern across any floor level. Thus, any fogging effect was short-lived as mosquito populations recovered within a few days before the subsequent scheduled treatment. In addition, increasing fogging frequency within practicable limits did not prolong the intended control effect. As urban mosquitoes are increasingly insusceptible to fogging due to insecticide resistance and vertical avoidance, this study demonstrates the need to implement other mosquito control strategies for high-rise condominia to manage mosquito populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neopterin Levels in Bonobos Vary Seasonally and Reflect Symptomatic Respiratory Infections.","authors":"Mélodie Kreyer,&nbsp;Verena Behringer,&nbsp;Caroline Deimel,&nbsp;Barbara Fruth","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01633-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01633-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As environmental changes exacerbate the threat coming from infectious diseases in wild mammal species, monitoring their health and gaining a better understanding of the immune functioning at the species level have become critically important. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infections. We investigated the variation of urinary neopterin (uNeo) levels of wild, habituated bonobos (Pan paniscus) in relation to individual and environmental factors. We used 309 urine samples collected between 2010 and 2018 at the LuiKotale field site, DRC. Based on current knowledge on zoo-housed conspecifics and closely related species, we predicted uNeo levels to increase (1) during infections, (2) with increasing age, (3) over the gestation period and in estrous females; and (4) to vary seasonally. Our results showed uNeo levels varied over a one-year period and increased in individuals showing respiratory symptoms. Contrary to chimpanzees, uNeo levels did not vary with age or female reproductive status, possibly due to our small sample size. Our study provides a baseline for a better understanding of bonobo's immunocompetence in the context of socio-ecological pressures and for monitoring the health of wild populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"93-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10257626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9990331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervids ACE2 Residues that Bind the Spike Protein can Provide Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Luciano Rodrigo Lopes","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01632-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01632-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The susceptibility of the white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted cervids as coronavirus reservoirs. This study aimed to evaluate the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) residues which bind the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 from 16 cervids to predict their potential susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eleven out of 16 species presented identical ACE2 key residues to WTD ACE2. Four cervids presented K31N, a variant associated with low SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility. Large herding of cervids with ACE2 key residues identical to that of the WTD can result in extensive reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2. Cervids as potential reservoirs could favor SARS-CoV-2 adaptation and the emergence of new coronavirus strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10139662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9972616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Pollution Increases the Risk of Chytridiomycosis in Mexican Amphibians.","authors":"M Jacinto-Maldonado,&nbsp;C González-Salazar,&nbsp;M D Basanta,&nbsp;G E García-Peña,&nbsp;B Saucedo,&nbsp;D Lesbarrères,&nbsp;D Meza-Figueroa,&nbsp;C R Stephens","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01631-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01631-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chytridiomycosis is affecting amphibians worldwide, causing the decline and extinction of several amphibian populations. The disease is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), a multihost pathogen living in freshwater habitats. While several environmental factors have been associated with the prevalence of Bd and its virulence, the effects of water quality on the pathogen are not clear yet. Some evidence suggests that water pollution may reduce amphibians' immune response and increase prevalence of Bd. To explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the relationship between water quality and the presence of Bd by using spatial data mining of 150 geolocations of Bd in amphibians from 9 families where Bd positive specimens have been previously reported, and water quality in 4,202 lentic and lotic water bodies in Mexico from 2010 to 2021. Our model showed that in the 3 main families where Bd was recorded, its presence is high in locations with low water quality, i.e., water polluted likely contaminated with urban and industrial waste. Using this model, we inferred areas suitable for Bd in Mexico; mainly in poorly studied areas along the gulf and on the pacific slope. We further argue that actions to reduce water pollution should become an integral part of public policies to prevent the spread of Bd and protect amphibians from this deadly pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9978562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Behavioral Risk Factors Driving Zoonotic Spillover Among High-risk Populations in Myanmar.","authors":"Su Yadana, Marc T Valitutto, Ohnmar Aung, Lee-Ann C Hayek, Jennifer H Yu, Theingi Win Myat, Htin Lin, Moh Moh Htun, Hlaing Myat Thu, Emily Hagan, Leilani Francisco, Suzan Murray","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01636-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10393-023-01636-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing global emergence of zoonoses warrants improved awareness of activities that predispose vulnerable communities to greater risk of disease. Zoonotic disease outbreaks regularly occur within Myanmar and at its borders partly due to insufficient knowledge of behavioral risks, hindering participatory surveillance and reporting. This study employed a behavioral surveillance strategy among high-risk populations to understand the behavioral risks for zoonotic disease transmission in an effort to identify risk factors for pathogen spillover. To explore behavioral mechanisms of spillover in Myanmar, we aimed to: (1) evaluate the details around animal contact and types of interaction, (2) assess the association between self-reported unusual symptoms (i.e., any illness or sickness that is not known or recognized in the community or diagnosed by medical providers) and animal contact activities and (3) identify the potential risk factors including behavioral practices of self-reported illness. Participants were enrolled at two community sites: Hpa-An and Hmawbi in Southern Myanmar. A behavioral questionnaire was administered to understand participants' animal exposures, behaviors and self-reported illnesses. From these responses, associations between (1) animal contact activities and self-reported unusual illnesses, and (2) potential risk factors and self-reported unusual illness were tested. Contact with poultry seemed to be very frequent (91.1%) and many participants reported raising, handling and having poultry in their houses as well as slaughtering or being scratched/bitten by them, followed by contact with rodents (57.8%) and swine (17.9%). Compared to participants who did not have any unusual symptoms, participants who had unusual symptoms in the past year were more likely to have sold dead animals (OR = 13.6, 95% CI 6.8-27.2), slaughtered (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.3), raised (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-5.0) or handled animals (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6), and had eaten sick (OR = 4.4, 95% CI 3.0-6.4) and/or dead animals (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 4.1-8.8) in the same year. Odds of having reported unusual symptoms was higher among those involved in animal production business (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 1.9-6.2) and animal-involved livelihoods (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.2) compared to other livelihoods. The results suggest that there is a high level of interaction between humans, livestock and wild animals in communities we investigated in Myanmar. The study highlights the specific high-risk behaviors as they relate to animal contact and demographic risk factors for zoonotic spillover. Our findings contribute to human behavioral data needed to develop targeted interventions to prevent zoonotic disease transmission at human-animal interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10230129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9672063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Exposure to Bats, Rodents and Monkeys in Bangladesh.","authors":"Ireen Sultana Shanta,&nbsp;Stephen P Luby,&nbsp;Kamal Hossain,&nbsp;James D Heffelfinger,&nbsp;A Marm Kilpatrick,&nbsp;Najmul Haider,&nbsp;Taifur Rahman,&nbsp;Shovon Chakma,&nbsp;Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed,&nbsp;Yushuf Sharker,&nbsp;Juliet R C Pulliam,&nbsp;Erin D Kennedy,&nbsp;Emily S Gurley","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01628-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01628-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bats, rodents and monkeys are reservoirs for emerging zoonotic infections. We sought to describe the frequency of human exposure to these animals and the seasonal and geographic variation of these exposures in Bangladesh. During 2013-2016, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 10,002 households from 1001 randomly selected communities. We interviewed household members about exposures to bats, rodents and monkeys, including a key human-bat interface-raw date palm sap consumption. Respondents reported observing rodents (90%), bats (52%) and monkeys (2%) in or around their households, although fewer reported direct contact. The presence of monkeys around the household was reported more often in Sylhet division (7%) compared to other divisions. Households in Khulna (17%) and Rajshahi (13%) were more likely to report drinking date palm sap than in other divisions (1.5-5.6%). Date palm sap was mostly consumed during winter with higher frequencies in January (16%) and February (12%) than in other months (0-5.6%). There was a decreasing trend in drinking sap over the three years. Overall, we observed substantial geographic and seasonal patterns in human exposure to animals that could be sources of zoonotic disease. These findings could facilitate targeting emerging zoonoses surveillance, research and prevention efforts to areas and seasons with the highest levels of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"20 1","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10131556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9620663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In This Issue.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10393-023-01624-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-023-01624-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10610122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Movement of Pathogen Carrying Flies at the Human-Wildlife Interface.","authors":"Mueena Jahan,&nbsp;Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer,&nbsp;Colin A Chapman,&nbsp;Urs Kalbitzer,&nbsp;Fabian H Leendertz,&nbsp;Patrick A Omeja,&nbsp;Dipto Sarkar,&nbsp;Markus Ulrich,&nbsp;Jan F Gogarten","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01621-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01621-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flies form high-density associations with human settlements and groups of nonhuman primates and are implicated in transmitting pathogens. We investigate the movement of nonhuman primate-associated flies across landscapes surrounding Kibale National Park, Uganda, using a mark-recapture experiment. Flies were marked in nine nonhuman primate groups at the forest edge ([Formula: see text] = 929 flies per group), and we then attempted to recapture them in more anthropized areas (50 m, 200 m and 500 m from where marked; 2-21 days after marking). Flies marked in nonhuman primate groups were recaptured in human areas (19/28,615 recaptured). Metabarcoding of the flies in nonhuman primate groups revealed the DNA of multiple eukaryotic primate parasites. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of flies to serve as vectors between nonhuman primates, livestock and humans at this biodiverse interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"450-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9833016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9305238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans' Amphibian Host Species and Invasion Range.","authors":"Federico Castro Monzon,&nbsp;Mark-Oliver Rödel,&nbsp;Florian Ruland,&nbsp;Gabriela Parra-Olea,&nbsp;Jonathan M Jeschke","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01620-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01620-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), a species related to the destructive pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), was found and identified in Europe in 2013. Now, a decade later, a large amount of information is available. This includes data from studies in the field, reports of infection in captive amphibians, laboratory studies testing host susceptibility, and data from prospective studies that test for Bsal's presence in a location. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature and compiled a dataset of Bsal tests. We identified 67 species that have been reported positive for Bsal, 20 of which have a threatened conservation status. The distribution of species that have been found with infection encompasses 69 countries, highlighting the potential threat that Bsal poses. We point out where surveillance to detect Bsal have taken place and highlight areas that have not been well monitored. The large number of host species belonging to the families Plethodontidae and Salamandridae suggests a taxonomic pattern of susceptibility. Our results provide insight into the risk posed by Bsal and identifies vulnerable species and areas where surveillance is needed to fill existing knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"475-486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9898388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10756407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Host of an Emerging Disease: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) Kept Under Clinical Care in Brazil.","authors":"Asheley Henrique Barbosa Pereira,&nbsp;Gabriela Oliveira Pereira,&nbsp;Jaqueline Camargo Borges,&nbsp;Victoria Luiza de Barros Silva,&nbsp;Bárbara Hawanna Marques Pereira,&nbsp;Thays Oliveira Morgado,&nbsp;Joao Paulo da Silva Cavasani,&nbsp;Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko,&nbsp;Richard Pacheco Campos,&nbsp;Alexander Welker Biondo,&nbsp;Renan de Carvalho Mendes,&nbsp;Pedro Eduardo Brandini Néspoli,&nbsp;Marcos Almeida de Souza,&nbsp;Edson Moleta Colodel,&nbsp;Daniel Guimarães Ubiali,&nbsp;Valéria Dutra,&nbsp;Luciano Nakazato","doi":"10.1007/s10393-022-01623-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-022-01623-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A young male free-ranging giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) was found with paralysis of pelvic limbs on a highway and kept under human care. Radiographs confirmed multiple incomplete fractures in the thoracolumbar vertebrae. Due to the poor prognosis, euthanasia was chosen. The infection was established by viral SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in the rectal swab, spleen and kidney samples. Immunohistochemistry detected the viral nucleocapsid protein in sections of the lungs, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and large intestine sections, and spike protein antigen in the lung tissue. Pilosa order species should be included as potential hosts of natural infection of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":"19 4","pages":"458-462"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9872066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10746259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}