Evaluating the Risk Landscape of Hawaiian Monk Seal Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii.

IF 2.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Ecohealth Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-08 DOI:10.1007/s10393-024-01678-7

Stacie Robinson, Kim Falinski, Devin Johnson, Elizabeth VanWormer, Karen Shapiro, Angela Amlin, Michelle Barbieri

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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a disease of primary concern for Hawaiian monk seals (Neomonachus schauinslandi), due to its apparently acute lethality and especially heavy impacts on breeding female seals. The disease-causing parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, depends on cats to complete its life cycle; thus, in order to understand how this pathogen infects marine mammals, it is essential to understand aspects of the terrestrial ecosystem and land-to-sea transport. In this study, we constructed a three-tiered model to assess risk of Hawaiian monk seal exposure to T. gondii oocysts: (1) oocyst contamination as a function of cat population characteristics; (2) land-to-sea transport of oocysts as a function of island hydrology, and (3) seal exposure as a function of habitat and space use. We were able to generate risk maps highlighting watersheds contributing the most to oocyst contamination of Hawaiian monk seal habitat. Further, the model showed that free-roaming cats most associated with humans (pets or strays often supplementally fed by people) were able to achieve high densities leading to high levels of oocyst contamination and elevated risk of T. gondii exposure.

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评估夏威夷僧海豹接触弓形虫的风险状况。

弓形虫病是夏威夷僧海豹（Neomonachus schauinslandi）最关心的一种疾病，因为它显然具有急性致死性，对繁殖期雌海豹的影响尤其严重。致病寄生虫弓形虫依靠猫来完成其生命周期；因此，为了了解这种病原体是如何感染海洋哺乳动物的，了解陆地生态系统和陆地到海洋运输的各个方面至关重要。在这项研究中，我们构建了一个三层模型来评估夏威夷僧海豹暴露于 T. gondii 卵囊的风险：(1) 卵囊污染是猫群特征的函数；(2) 卵囊从陆地到海洋的迁移是岛屿水文的函数；(3) 海豹暴露于栖息地和空间使用的函数。我们能够生成风险地图，突出显示对夏威夷僧海豹栖息地造成卵囊污染最严重的流域。此外，该模型还显示，与人类关系最密切的自由漫步的猫（宠物或经常由人类喂养的流浪猫）能够达到很高的密度，从而导致卵囊污染水平很高，并增加了暴露于刚地氏菌的风险。

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来源期刊

Ecohealth 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

4.00%

发文量

审稿时长

>24 weeks

期刊介绍： EcoHealth aims to advance research, practice, and knowledge integration at the interface of ecology and health by publishing high quality research and review articles that address and profile new ideas, developments, and programs. The journal’s scope encompasses research that integrates concepts and theory from many fields of scholarship (including ecological, social and health sciences, and the humanities) and draws upon multiple types of knowledge, including those of relevance to practice and policy. Papers address integrated ecology and health challenges arising in public health, human and veterinary medicine, conservation and ecosystem management, rural and urban development and planning, and other fields that address the social-ecological context of health. The journal is a central platform for fulfilling the mission of the EcoHealth Alliance to strive for sustainable health of people, domestic animals, wildlife, and ecosystems by promoting discovery, understanding, and transdisciplinarity. The journal invites substantial contributions in the following areas: One Health and Conservation Medicine o Integrated research on health of humans, wildlife, livestock and ecosystems o Research and policy in ecology, public health, and agricultural sustainability o Emerging infectious diseases affecting people, wildlife, domestic animals, and plants o Research and practice linking human and animal health and/or social-ecological systems o Anthropogenic environmental change and drivers of disease emergence in humans, wildlife, livestock and ecosystems o Health of humans and animals in relation to terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems Ecosystem Approaches to Health o Systems thinking and social-ecological systems in relation to health o Transdiiplinary approaches to health, ecosystems and society.