Ecohealth最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Escherichia coli from Wild Birds in a Peruvian Wetland.","authors":"Kathya Espinoza, Xiomara Caffo, Jacqueline Hernández, Luciano A Palomino-Kobayashi, Joaquim Ruiz, Maria J Pons","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01797-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01797-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of wildlife in carrying and disseminating resistant and pathogenic bacteria has been established, yet data from wildlife in Peru are limited. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance, presence of virulence genes, and clonality of E. coli isolated from wild birds from wetlands in Lima, Peru. Twenty-three isolates were obtained from 41 free-living birds (belonging to 15 bird species) through cloacal and feather swabs (n = 30) and fresh feces (n = 11) collected in 2021. Nineteen pulsotypes were identified by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis. High resistance rates were observed for tobramycin 60.9% (14/23) and ampicillin 52.2% (12/23). The resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim was 26.1% (6/23) Lower resistance rates were observed for quinolones and cephalosporins, each with 17.4% (4/23) resistance. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in 34.8% (8/23) of isolates, and 8.7% (2/23) were extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. (from Coragyps atratus (1/2 sampled 50%) and Phalacrocorax brasilianus (1/3 sampled 33.3%)) carrying bla_CTX-M-55. Phylogroup A predominated (34.8%). Virulence genes were found in 30.4% of the isolates, including stx-1 (13.1%), agn43 (17.4%), and virA (4.3%). Whole-genome sequencing of ESBL isolates (ST2172, O9:H4, phylogroup A) revealed an extensive resistome including bla_CTX-M-55, bla_TEM-1, chromosomal AmpC, multiple aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulfonamide, fosfomycin, and efflux pump genes, along with quinolone-resistant mutations. The virulome included adhesins, CFA/I fimbriae, ECP, hemorrhagic pilus, type I fimbriae, and invasion-associated genes. These findings highlight the circulation of MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli in wild birds, underscoring the importance of wildlife surveillance within a One Health approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Public Health Risks Associated with Bats on a Southwest Indian Ocean Island.","authors":"Rachel Leong, Anne Atlan, Camille Lebarbenchon","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01795-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01795-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk perception is central to wildlife disease management and informs both public health and conservation strategies. Understanding perceptions of wildlife-related health risks helps public health professionals and conservationists develop effective communication strategies to foster both public safety and species conservation. Reunion Island is a Southwestern Indian Ocean island where human-bat interactions are common, especially with the urban-adapted endemic species Mormopterus francoismoutoui. Concerns about olfactory nuisance and respiratory health impacts resulting from these interactions make perceptions of bat-related sanitary risks especially salient. This study surveyed 768 residents to explore how general opinions and past experiences with bats influence perceived health risks. The mean bat-related health risk perception index (RPI) was 2.87 ± 0.03 on a 5-point scale. Perceived risk was significantly higher among individuals with negative opinions (3.14 ± 0.05) compared to neutral (2.95 ± 0.03) and positive opinions (2.56 ± 0.05; p < 0.001). A similar pattern was observed for past experiences, with negative experiences associated with the highest perceived risk (p < 0.001). Island natives (OR = 2.00) and social interactions about bat-related diseases (OR = 1.49) were the strongest predictors of higher perceived risk. In contrast, trust in science reduced perceived risk (OR = 0.75), while younger respondents reported slightly higher risk perception. These findings highlight the importance of social information networks and scientific trust in shaping perceptions, underscoring the need for clear, targeted, and evidence-based risk communication to promote coexistence and mitigate heightened fears.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm in Bacteria from Rehabilitated Sapajus libidinosus.","authors":"Denny Parente Sá Barreto Maia de Leite, Gustavo Oliveira Alves de Pinto, Maria Eduarda Uchôa Cavalcanti Moreira da Silva, Valdir Vieira da Silva, Lucilene Martins Trindade Goncalves, Maria Clara Feitosa de Albuquerque, Rafaela Silva Santos, Luana Thamires Rapôso da Silva, Yuri Marinho Valença, Karolina Rosa Fernandes Beraldo, Maria Aparecida Juliano, Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira, José Givanildo da Silva, Rinaldo Aparecido Mota","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01777-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01777-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in natural environments and wildlife is an escalating threat to global health and biodiversity conservation. Neotropical primates of the genus Sapajus may act as reservoirs and ecological sentinels of resistant bacteria. The absence of systematic microbiological screening in wildlife rehabilitation centers, coupled with empirical antimicrobial use, can facilitate resistance spread in vulnerable ecosystems. This study characterized phenotypic and genotypic resistance profiles and biofilm-forming ability of Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolated from Sapajus libidinosus undergoing rehabilitation in Northeastern Brazil. Rectal swabs were collected, and bacterial isolates identified by MALDI-TOF MS, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, molecular detection of resistance genes, and biofilm assays. Nineteen isolates were recovered: 63.2% Staphylococcus spp. and 36.8% Mammaliicoccus spp. The predominant species were M. sciuri (36.8%) and S. simiae (31.6%). Rates of resistance to penicillin (63.2%) and tetracycline (57.9%) were the most frequent. The main resistance genes detected included tetM (36.8%), tet(38) (31.6%), blaZ (26.3%), msrA (26.3%), and mecA (5.3%). Perfect agreement existed between mecA presence and cefoxitin resistance (κ = 1.00; p < 0.01), with moderate agreement between msrA and non-susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin (j= 0.56; p = 0.0265). Biofilm production was mostly weak (94.7%), with moderate production in one isolate. Multidrug resistance occurred in 21.1% of isolates. This pioneering Brazilian study highlights wildlife rehabilitation centers as critical hotspots for AMR surveillance and contributes to understanding the ecological health and conservation of Neotropical primates.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Human Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Wild Neotropical Primates.","authors":"Jean P Boubli, Hani Rocha El Bizri, Luan F Botelho-Souza, Chrysoula Gubili, Stephen J Martin, Maisa da S Araújo, Tommy C Burch, Mariluce R Messias, Alcione de O Dos Santos, Luiz S Ozaki, André V C Pereira, Tony H Katsuragawa, Ana Maísa Passos-Silva, Luiz H S Gil, Izeni P Farias, Juan M V Salcedo, Deusilene Vieira","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01787-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01787-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globalization and environmental change are reshaping infectious disease dynamics, including reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to wildlife. We assessed hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in wild New World primates from two Brazilian Amazon regions: an anthropogenically impacted area in southwestern Amazonia (Rondonia and Mato Grosso states) and a remote, minimally impacted area along the upper Japurá River (Amazonas state). Blood or liver samples from 88 primates representing 28 species were examined for HBV. HBV was detected in 17 of 49 primates (34.7%) from disturbed areas but in none of the 39 primates from the remote site. Human population density significantly predicted infection, and viral genotypes matched locally circulating human HBV strains, supporting human-to-primate spillover driven by deforestation and encroachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Landscape Determinants of Mosquito Abundance in Urban Green Spaces.","authors":"Ronghua Wang, Enming He, Yupei Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01791-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01791-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban green spaces provide essential ecosystem services for humans, yet simultaneously create favorable habitats for mosquito breeding. The presence of mosquitoes discourages human recreation and poses a public health risk through disease transmission. To understand the relationship between mosquito abundance and environmental characteristics of urban green spaces, a study was conducted in urban green spaces in Xuzhou city, eastern China. Ten sample sites in urban green spaces were selected and adult mosquitoes were sampled with Centers for Disease Control and prevention (CDC) light traps on six summer evenings in 2024, while microclimatic data (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed) were measured continuously by negative-ion sensors and anemometers. High-resolution orthophotos acquired with a Da Jiang Innovation (DJI) unmanned aerial vehicle were used to quantify landscape composition within 50-, 100-, 150- and 200-m buffers around each sample site. Correlation analyses and stepwise multiple linear regression then identified the key drivers of mosquito abundance. The results showed that: (1) aquatic emergent vegetation was a positive predictor of mosquito abundance across all buffer sizes; (2) both impervious surfaces (e.g., roads, squares, paths) and open water without aquatic emergent vegetation were negatively associated with mosquito abundance; and (3) a 50-m buffer radius provides the optimal scale for predicting the impact of landscape elements on mosquito abundance in urban green spaces. At last, this paper puts forward anti-mosquito strategies through scientific design and management of landscape elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the Global Distribution of Vibrio vulnificus Under Changing Climate Scenarios.","authors":"Jan Andrew L Bautista, Christine R Hernaez, Jose Carlos L Nicdao, Jed Miguel P Santos, Loida M Recopuerto-Medina, Nikki Heherson A Dagamac","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01779-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01779-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative bacterium and an emerging pathogen globally distributed in brackish and marine waters. It can be transmitted to humans through contaminated food, which causes primary septicemia, or through wound exposure, causing necrotizing fasciitis. Increased abundance and range expansion have recently been associated with climate change. Further understanding of the spatial epidemiology of V. vulnificus is necessary, and species distribution modeling is a technique to correlate all the factors related to the spread of V. vulnificus. Through meta-analysis aided by Rayyan, extraction of environmental variables from Bio-ORACLE, and global mapping using QGIS and MaxEnt, a global model of V. vulnificus suitability is projected under current and future climate scenarios. The model indicates that sea surface minimum chlorophyll-a, mean dissolved oxygen, mean pH, and mean salinity are good predictors of V. vulnificus occurrence, with minimum chlorophyll-a and mean salinity having the greatest percent contribution at 53.3 and 31.6, respectively. Specific geographic locations with moderate to high V. vulnificus suitability include the west coast of Colombia, the coast of Uruguay, the northeastern coast of Brazil, the coast of Maryland and Louisiana, USA, the coast of China, the Black Sea, the south coast of South Africa, and the coast of Poland and Lithuania. A northward shift in V. vulnificus populations is observed due to climate change driven by plankton migration and decreasing salinity. These findings highlight the potential of these suitability maps for future V. vulnificus surveillance, and disease protection and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Public Health in Wildfire: Lessons from the Field.","authors":"Heidi E Brown, Erika Austhof, Daniel Ferguson, Ladd Keith","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01784-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01784-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk of human exposure to wildfire is increasing, with detrimental effects on human health. Public health is uniquely placed to support community resilience during wildfire events, but the nature of public health's role remains unclear. Participants were recruited from government health entities in Southwestern counties that had previously experienced wildfires or significant smoke exposure. We used semi-structured interviews to understand perceptions and actions around wildfire response. To support public health practitioners' role in proactive and comprehensive wildfire outreach, evidence to support the interventions is summarized. In June 2024, 14 individuals from 12 organizations in Arizona and New Mexico were interviewed. Three themes emerged: (1) clear and consistent messaging, (2) connecting people to resources, and (3) flexibility supports capacity. There is evidence to support the need for clear and consistent messaging, but limited evidence on best practices for difficult to reach communities. More evidence is needed for which interventions work during a wildfire, adaptations for marginalized communities, and interventions when facing multiple hazards. Public health is shifting from passive education to proactive, comprehensive wildfire outreach. As part of a cross-sectoral response, public health is integral to disseminating consistent and clear messaging. Further, public health has an important role in facilitating access to resources, though there is a need for efficacy studies of what resources, under which circumstances, and for which populations. Finally, any successful response will require cooperation across sectors and community partners. Within the funding landscape for public health entities, flexibility in resource allocation is critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal Parasites in School Children in Rural and Urban Areas in Kavrepalanchok, Nepal.","authors":"Prabin Chaudhary, Gopiram Syangtan, Bhupendra Lama, Dhiraj Thapa Magar, Shiba Kumar Rai, Tirth Raj Ghimire","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01781-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01781-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major health concern in low- and middle-income countries like Nepal. This cross-sectional study, conducted from January to June 2021 in Kavrepalanchok District, Nepal, evaluated IPI prevalence and risk factors among school-going children. Fecal samples from 195 children and 41 environmental samples (soil, vegetables, water) were analyzed using direct wet mount, formal-ethyl acetate sedimentation, flotation, and modified acid-fast staining techniques, with sociodemographic and risk factor data collected via questionnaires. The overall IPI prevalence was 13.85%, slightly higher in urban (14.40%) than rural (12.86%) areas (p = 0.765). Protozoa, particularly Entamoeba spp. (62.86%; 66.67% rural, 60.87% urban), predominated, with its presence in environmental samples (water, soil, vegetables) indicating transmission through contaminated sources. Helminths (e.g., Ascaris spp.) were also detected. Nail-biting (p = 0.0417) and consumption of raw vegetables (p = 0.0225) showed significant associations with IPIs in rural settings, while abdominal pain symptoms (p = 0.0058) were significantly linked to IPIs across all participants. Logistic regression identified abdominal pain (AOR = 6.658, 95% CI 1.405-31.562, p = 0.017) as the only significant predictors of IPI, with all other assessed behavioral and environmental factors showing no statistically significant associations. Enhanced water sanitation, and hygiene education are essential to disrupt environmental transmission cycle of Entamoeba spp. and reduce IPI burden in Nepal.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147516570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Dormancy and Reactivation in One Health: Cross-Domain Pathways and Risks.","authors":"Adil Abalkhail, Thamer Alslamah, Najeeb Ullah Khan","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01785-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10393-026-01785-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial dormancy enables microorganisms to persist under unfavourable conditions and reactivate when ecological or host environments become permissive. While dormancy supports microbial resilience, it also creates cross-domain \"hidden reservoirs\" that can destabilize ecosystems, amplify zoonotic risk, and sustain antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This narrative review synthesizes evidence across environmental, animal, and human systems to explain how reactivation triggers propagate through One Health pathways-for example, nutrient enrichment or warming in aquatic/soil environments → microbial revival and amplification → exposure in livestock/wildlife → human infection via food, water, aerosols, or vectors. Dormant pathogens can persist in soil, water, sediments, biofilms, and host-associated niches, frequently evading culture-based detection and re-emerging under stressors such as temperature shifts, hydrological change, malnutrition, immunosuppression, and antimicrobial exposure. Dormancy also facilitates AMR persistence through survival of tolerant subpopulations, biofilm protection, and environmental dissemination of resistance determinants. Because key cues governing dormancy-reactivation remain incompletely characterized and surveillance systems rarely target dormant states, outbreak forecasting and mitigation are often delayed. The review therefore proposes dormancy-aware One Health surveillance and response, including field-deployable molecular detection, shared data platforms, and targeted interventions at environmental and veterinary interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northeast India as the Next Frontier of EcoHealth and One Health Research.","authors":"Pilot Dovih, Ratnesh Karjee, Kritika M Garg, Balaji Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.1007/s10393-026-01782-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-026-01782-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We are living amidst the sixth mass extinction event caused by human-mediated habitat alterations and climate change. One unintended fallout of anthropogenic pressure and climate change is the increased frequency of emerging infectious diseases. Across the globe, massive efforts are ongoing to understand the factors contributing to infectious disease outbreaks. However, South Asia, which is particularly vulnerable to climate change, lacks sufficient data in this regard, especially the highly biodiverse region of Northeast India. This region is particularly susceptible to emerging infectious diseases and has been identified as a hotspot for both biodiversity and zoonotic diseases. In this review, we emphasize Northeast India's rich biological diversity, high anthropogenic pressures, and environmental changes, which make it an important location for surveillance and monitoring of factors that promote spillover of zoonotic infectious diseases. We provide a roadmap rooted in EcoHealth and One Health principles for studies investigating the emergence of zoonotic diseases in this resource-limited but highly biodiverse environment, which can contribute significantly toward preventing and mitigating future outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51027,"journal":{"name":"Ecohealth","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147488492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}