Prevalence and Environmental Risk Factors of Amebiasis Among Children in South Lebanon : Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Nabatieh District.

After nearly 150 years, since the first description of the invasive intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, amebiasis remains a significant global health concern. The infection, primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources, poses a substantial threat to public health worldwide. In crisis-affected regions like Lebanon, where clean water is scarce, children are highly susceptible to the infection and succumb dramatically to this growing burden. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of amebiasis among children in South Lebanon, identify its associated risk factors and its relationship with the safety of water sources, and evaluate the population's awareness of the parasite. A cross-sectional study involving 180 children was conducted at SRHUH hospital in Nabatieh, South Lebanon. Fecal samples were analyzed under a microscope, and parents were interviewed to assess risk factors and their knowledge. Statistical tests, including Chi-square and logistic regression, were conducted, revealing a 25% disease prevalence. Unsafe water sources and agricultural practices were significantly linked to infections. Surprisingly, higher parental knowledge did not reduce infection risk. This study underscores the significant public health issue of intestinal amebiasis in South Lebanese children, primarily due to unsafe water sources. Increased awareness among the at-risk population is crucial for disease eradication.