Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Leptospira interrogans and Leptospira borgpetersenii in cats from Central region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil","authors":"Bruna Carolina Ulsenheimer ,&nbsp;Alexandre Alberto Tonin ,&nbsp;Ana Eucares von Laer ,&nbsp;Helton Fernandes dos Santos ,&nbsp;Luís Antônio Sangioni ,&nbsp;Rafael Fighera ,&nbsp;Matheus Yuri dos Santos ,&nbsp;Daniela Isabel Brayer Pereira ,&nbsp;Luciana Pötter ,&nbsp;Sônia de Avila Botton","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacteria of the genus <em>Leptospira</em>, which is responsible for substantial impacts on the economy, animal health, and public health. This disease has a global distribution and is particularly prevalent in Brazil. While leptospirosis can affect different animal species, including domestic ones such as dogs and cats, the role of dogs in its epidemiology is established and well-understood. Conversely, the role of domestic cats in the epidemiology of leptospirosis remains unclear, with a significant lack of studies elucidating the roles they play in the transmission of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. and the bacterial species they can host. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. DNA in domestic cats and to assess the phylogenetic relationships of the identified microorganisms in the Central region of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) in southern Brazil. The samples were evaluated for the presence of the gene <em>lipL32</em> by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the amplified fragment, followed by phylogenetic analysis. DNA from <em>Leptospira</em> spp. was extracted from the kidney tissue of domestic cats. Pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp. DNA was detected in 22.1 % (67/303) of the samples. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of <em>L. borgpetersenii</em> and <em>L. interrogans</em> in these animals. This study is the first to identify <em>L. borgpetersenii</em> and <em>L. interrogans</em> in domestic cats in RS, highlighting their potential role as bacterial reservoirs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of leptospirosis and can contribute to sanitary measures aimed at controlling and preventing the disease, ultimately protecting public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression characteristics of miR-222b-5p/MAPK10 in major immune organs of SPF chickens infected with avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain SNV (REV-SNV)","authors":"Yubo Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Bingrong Wu ,&nbsp;Yudong Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Ren ,&nbsp;Youxiang Diao ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Jingdong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) is a retrovirus in poultry that can atrophy immune organs and cause immunosuppression and tumor diseases. Our previous results revealed that, in the spleen of SPF chickens infected with REV-SNV, gga-miR-222b-5p expression was upregulated at 7, 14 and 21 dpi, and MAPK10 expression was downregulated, both of which were negatively correlated, with a targeted relationship between the two at 28, 35 and 42 dpi. To understand and analyze the expression patterns of MAPK10 and gga-miR-222b-5p in infected chickens at different times and in different immune organs, qRT-PCR was used to analyze the spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus samples of SPF chickens at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 dpi. The results revealed that, in the spleen, MAPK10 gene expression was highly significantly downregulated at 7, 14, 21, 35 and 42 dpi, and gga-miR-222b-5p expression was significantly upregulated at six-time points. In the bursa of Fabricius, MAPK10 expression was significantly downregulated at six-time points, and gga-miR-222b-5p expression was upregulated at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 dpi. In the thymus, MAPK10 and gga-miR-222b-5p expression was upregulated at six-time points. A negative regulatory relationship was evident in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius but not in the thymus. This study suggested that gga-miR-222b-5p may induce the downregulation of MAPK10 in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius and promote tumor formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102290"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142830792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in exotic pets in Spain","authors":"David Cano-Terriza ,&nbsp;Leira Fernández-Bastit ,&nbsp;Júlia Vergara-Alert ,&nbsp;Daniel B. Váquez-Calero ,&nbsp;Sabrina Castro-Scholten ,&nbsp;Javier Caballero-Gómez ,&nbsp;Ignacio García-Bocanegra ,&nbsp;Joaquim Segalés","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different animal species raises concerns about the potential for animal reservoirs and transmission to humans. Here, we evaluate the exposure of exotic pet species to this virus throughout the early years of the pandemic (2020 – 2022) in southern Spain. A total of 180 exotic pets (126 domestic rabbits, 31 ferrets, and 23 rodents) were analyzed for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using two different ELISAs. ELISA-positive sera were subsequently tested for specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) using the virus neutralization test (VNT). Only one brown rat (<em>Rattus norvegicus</em>), representing 0.6 % of the total, tested positive by ELISA, yet showed negative result for SARS-CoV-2 nAbs by VNT. Our results suggest a very limited risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission among humans and sympatric exotic pet species in the study region. However, the virus's potential for interspecies transmission emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance, especially in settings with frequent human-animal interactions, to avoid potential virus evolution, the emergence of new animal reservoirs, and spillover events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142814597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating one health strategies for rabies control: Insights from Jackal-mediated human rabies in Northeast India","authors":"Jyoti B. Dutta ,&nbsp;MA Ashwini ,&nbsp;Ditul Barman ,&nbsp;Pranab Das ,&nbsp;Raktim Tamuli ,&nbsp;K. Dhanya ,&nbsp;CN Varun ,&nbsp;Shubhangi Chandel ,&nbsp;P. Soundarya ,&nbsp;Shrikrishna Isloor ,&nbsp;Reeta S. Mani","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rabies is an ancient, lethal zoonotic disease caused by viruses of the genus Lyssavirus, affecting a wide variety of mammals. Though domestic dogs are the main vectors of rabies transmission to humans, other domestic and wildlife species also contribute to the spread of the disease in endemic regions like India. This report presents a case of human rabies following jackal exposure in India, along with the molecular characterization of the rabies virus (RABV) from both the jackal and the affected human patient.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>RNA was extracted from brain tissue samples of a suspected rabid jackal and a 42-year-old male patient who died following exposure to the jackal. The extracted RNA was subjected to rabies-specific real-time PCR, followed by whole genome sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using these sequences, along with other publicly available RABV whole genome sequences, with the IQ-TREE2 software and the General Time Reversible (GTR+F+I+G4) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Real-time PCR confirmed the presence of rabies viral RNA in both the jackal and human brain samples. Whole genome sequencing yielded complete sequences of RABV from the jackal brain, and partial sequences from the human brain sample. These sequences belonged to the Arctic AL1a lineage, and were closely related to RABV strains found in dogs and other animals in India.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This case underscores the potential for wildlife, such as jackals, to contribute significantly to human rabies cases and highlights the need for comprehensive surveillance and control measures to effectively combat rabies in endemic regions like India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102287"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptospira spp. is recognized by TLR2 and induces IFN-β and IFN-λ expression in smegma from naturally infected bulls","authors":"Natalia Plá ,&nbsp;Yanina Paola Videla ,&nbsp;Mercedes María Burucúa ,&nbsp;Felipe Andrés Cheuquepán Valenzuela ,&nbsp;Maia Solange Marin ,&nbsp;Silvina Quintana","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, a zoonosis with a wide worldwide distribution, causes significant reproductive losses in cattle. The genital presentation of the disease has been reported, and its understanding is crucial for the implementation of adequate sanitary measures. Although <em>Leptospira</em> spp. modulate innate immunity, the response in the genital mucosa of bulls is unknown. The objective of this work was to evaluate the expression of innate immune receptors and cytokines in smegma from bulls with genital infection by <em>Leptospira</em> spp. To do so, routine preputial scraping samples were selected from breeding bulls from four establishments in the Azul District, Buenos Aires, Argentina with no reproductive problems, which were previously evaluated for the presence of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. DNA by qPCR detection of the secY gene. The relative gene expression of TLR2, TLR4, IFN-β and IFN-λ in the smegma samples of animals infected with <em>Leptospira</em> spp. was determined by RT-qPCR, with subsequent analysis of the results using REST software. The expression of TLR2 was significantly increased in animals infected with <em>Leptospira</em> spp. compared to uninfected control animals (4-fold), while TLR4 did not show differences. Likewise, both IFN-β and IFN-λ were significantly increased in smegma of infected animals (3.5 and 3.1-fold, respectively). Therefore, this work shows that genital infection of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. in bulls generates and modulates a local innate immune response, with an association between the presence of <em>Leptospira</em> spp. DNA and the expression levels of TLR2, IFN-β and IFN-λ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"117 ","pages":"Article 102291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoplasma in melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra, Gray, 1846), Veracruz, Mexico","authors":"Gerardo.G. Ballados-González ,&nbsp;Juan Casas-Paul ,&nbsp;Maria del Carmen C. Ruiz-Murillo,&nbsp;Graciela I. Bernal-Trejo,&nbsp;Kurt Navarro-Castañeda,&nbsp;Marco D. Perez-Medina,&nbsp;Roberto Ibarra-Laclette,&nbsp;Anabel Cruz-Romero,&nbsp;Arturo Serrano,&nbsp;Celina Naval-Ávila,&nbsp;Miguel A. Lammoglia-Villagómez,&nbsp;Estefanía Grostieta,&nbsp;Carlos I. Miranda-Caballero,&nbsp;Jorge L. Chagoya-Fuentes,&nbsp;Thállitha S.W.J. Vieira,&nbsp;Rafael F.C. Vieira,&nbsp;José L. Bravo-Ramos,&nbsp;Ingeborg Becker,&nbsp;Sokani Sánchez-Montes","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemoplasmas (HM) infect a wide range of mammals and may cause hemolytic anemia. We detected HM in a melon-headed whale (<em>Peponocephala electra</em>) stranded in Veracruz, Mexico. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S and 23S rDNA indicated the presence of a HM that was previously detected in cetaceans from South America. This study expands the host and geographical range of detection of hemoplasmas in cetaceans from North America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical management of canine Leishmaniasis in northeastern Algeria: A preliminary study","authors":"Hocine Kerkoub ,&nbsp;Khelaf Saidani ,&nbsp;Souad Righi ,&nbsp;Samir Djemai ,&nbsp;Nacer Eddine Messahel ,&nbsp;Fayçal Zeroual","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) caused by <em>Leishmania infantum</em> is a prevalent vector-borne disease in the Mediterranean region, notably Algeria. This research aims to assess the epidemiology and the clinical management practices of CanL employed by veterinarians in the Skikda and Constantine regions in the northeastern part of Algeria. A retrospective survey comprising 37 open and closed questions was distributed to 139 veterinary clinics between 2022 and 2023. The objective was to collect comparable epidemiological information on clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, treatment protocols, preventive strategies, and awareness of the disease's public health implications. The findings from this study have revealed a notable prevalence of CanL in both regions, accompanied by similar clinical manifestations. Serological techniques, particularly rapid detection kits, are predominantly utilized alongside direct methods, while euthanasia remains the primary approach to combat the disease. The results show that only a few veterinarians educate pet owners about zoonotic diseases and prevention measures (32,79 %), while most do not provide this information. This investigation sheds more light on the current status of CanL in the selected studied area and suggests the need for standardizing diagnosis and treatment of CanL using evidence-based medicine criteria to enhance disease management. This will provide a proper way of conducting a more comprehensive epidemiological assessment of the condition for improving the handling and management of CanL in Algeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative assessment of brucellosis detection in dogs: In-house ELISA versus Rose Bengal Plate Test utilizing rough and smooth antigens","authors":"Kadir Akar ,&nbsp;Ayfer Güllü Yücetepe ,&nbsp;İsmail Hakkı Ekin ,&nbsp;Maryam Dadar ,&nbsp;Sevil Erdenliğ Gürbilek","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Brucella canis</em> and smooth <em>Brucella</em> species infections have been reported in dogs globally. In endemic countries such as Türkiye, dogs can be infected with both species. The exact incidence of canine brucellosis in Türkiye is unknown. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs undergoing sterilization in Van province, eastern Türkiye. In this study, a comprehensive approach was used to ensure reliable incidence of <em>Brucella</em> spp in the dogs. We used the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) with both antigens from smooth <em>Brucella abortus</em> S99 (RBPT-S) and rough <em>B. canis</em> (RBPT-R) <em>Brucella</em> species to analyze 150 dog blood serum samples. For the in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), we used a rough Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen from the rough strain (i-ELISA-R) and an O-polysaccharide (O-PS) antigen (i-ELISA-S) from the smooth strain obtained from the OIE Reference Laboratory in Weybridge, UK. Each serum sample underwent analysis using a total of four serological tests, ensuring a thorough and reliable evaluation. Out of 150 serum samples analyzed, 32 (21.3 %) tested positive using the RBPT-S test and 12 (6.6 %) with the RBPT-R test. The i-ELISA-R identified 8 (5.3 %) positive samples, while the i-ELISA-S detected 27 (18 %) positive samples. The presence of <em>B. canis</em> and other <em>Brucella</em> spp. infections was detected in the dog in this region, revealing that canine brucellosis was primarily caused by smooth <em>Brucella</em> species. The test beased -smooth antigens identified a significantly higher number of positive samples compared to the test beased -rough antigens test, suggesting a potential difference in sensitivity or specificity between the two methods. This situation was considered an important risk for both dogs and humans, underscoring the urgent need for further research and the immediate implementation of public health measures to address this issue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"116 ","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated risk factors of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in humans and cattle populations: A comprehensive study","authors":"Ihsan Ullah ,&nbsp;Shumaila Naz ,&nbsp;Umer Sadique Khattak ,&nbsp;Muhammad Saeed ,&nbsp;Noor ul Akbar ,&nbsp;Sania Rauf","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A zoonotic disease unique to South Asia, brucellosis causes major public health and financial problems, notably in Pakistan. This research aimed to ascertain the molecular frequency of <em>Brucella abortus</em> and <em>Brucella melitensis</em> in humans and cattle and to pinpoint related risk factors in the Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, districts. A total of 800 blood samples, 600 from cattle and 200 from humans, were gathered and examined using traditional PCR targeting the IS711 locus. In humans, the molecular frequency of <em>Brucella melitensis</em> and <em>Brucella abortus</em> was 16.5 %; in cattle, it was 9.1 %. Risk factor analysis in cattle revealed that seasonality, geographic location, sex, and insemination method significantly impacted brucellosis prevalence· Higher risk was observed in female cattle, those naturally inseminated, and during the summer months, particularly in regions such as Bannu· In humans, univariate logistic regression identified potential risk factors, including age (25–50 years), rural residency, lower socioeconomic status, female gender, direct contact with animals, and consumption of raw animal products. However, none of these factors reached statistical significance. The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and targeted preventive measures to control brucellosis transmission between cattle and humans. Understanding the molecular prevalence and risk factors can guide public health strategies and improve livestock management practices to mitigate this zoonotic disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142689585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladistics and population structure analysis of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Haryana, India based on genes encoding the major surface proteins","authors":"Aman D. Moudgil ,&nbsp;Anil K. Nehra,&nbsp;Sukhdeep Vohra","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102274","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102274","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Anaplasma marginale</em>, a tick-borne obligate intracellular rickettsia is incriminated to cause heavy economic losses throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, including India. However, studies highlighting the phylogeography and demographic dynamics of <em>A. marginale</em> are very scant from India. Thus, the present study assessed the cladistics and population structure of <em>Anaplasma marginale</em> based on the genes encoding the major surface proteins (MSP) 4 and 5. The cladistics based on phylogenetic tree including the sequences generated herein with the GenBank archived sequences of <em>A. marginale</em> was performed. The relationship between <em>A. marginale</em> haplotypes based on both the genetic markers was estimated by performing median joining (MJ) haplotype network analysis. Demographic dynamics involving population diversity indices and neutrality indices was also performed. The cladistics and MJ haplotype network analysis corresponding to both the markers demonstrated the presence of three distinct clades (1−3) of <em>A. marginale</em>. Population structure analysis revealed low nucleotide (0.00236 ± 0.00064 and 0.00955 ± 0.00101) and haplotype (0.321 ± 0.073 and 0.493 ± 0.083) diversities for the MSP4 and MSP5 genes, respectively. High genetic structuring and low gene flow [Nm values ranging between 0.044481 and 0.208337 for the MSP4 gene and 0.032735 (clades 1 and 2) for the MSP5 gene] was also recorded among the different clades of <em>A</em>. <em>marginale</em>, based on both genetic markers. The present study highlighted the presence of different clades of <em>A. marginale</em> distributed worldwide. The isolates circulating in north India belonged to the dominant clade prevalent throughout the globe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 102274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}