Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of Hepatozoon canis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Hyalomma anatolicum infesting dogs","authors":"Hafiza Amna Bilal ,&nbsp;Madiha Rasool ,&nbsp;Arfa Bibi ,&nbsp;Hira Muqaddas ,&nbsp;Iqra Majeed ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq ,&nbsp;Kasim Sakran Abass ,&nbsp;Samir Ibenmoussa ,&nbsp;Turki M. Dawoud ,&nbsp;Shakir Ullah ,&nbsp;Adil Khan ,&nbsp;Furhan Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hepatozoon canis</em> is an apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is transmitted to canids and by hard ticks belonging to <em>Rhipicephalus</em> and <em>Amblyomma</em> genera. Dogs are more exposed to the vectors and vector borne diseases due to their outdoor activities and closer proximity to the environment they are more exposed to the environment. The present study was aimed to report the molecular prevalence of <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> in the DNA of <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.</em> (n = 88) and <em>Hyalomma anatolicum</em> (n = 16) that were infesting dogs in two provinces of Pakistan. Genetic diversity of the parasite and risk factors associated with the infection were also determined. A total of 104 ticks were collected from six districts: Dera Ghazi Khan (47 %), Upper Dir (n = 10), Swat (n = 10), Buner (n = 13), Peshawar (n = 13) and Kohat (n = 11). Overall, PCR amplified a 460–520 base pair amplicon from the 18S rRNA gene of <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> in 18 out of 104 (17 %) screened ticks. Specifically, 19 % of <em>Hyalomma anatolicum</em> and 17 % of <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.</em> were infected. Subsequent Sanger sequencing followed by the BLAST analysis confirmed the presence of the parasite<em>.</em> Partial 18S rRNA gene based phylogenetic analysis revealed that sequences generated in this study were genetically diverse and they were clustered with the 18S rRNA gene sequences reported from various animals in Hungry, Iran, Venezuela, Romania, Spain, Italy India, Israel, Taiwan and Czech Republic. Prevalence of <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> was not limited to a particular tick species or their sex, feeding or developmental stages. Parasite prevalence also varied non significantly between the breed of the host dogs. In conclusion, we are reporting the presence of <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> in <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l.</em> and <em>Hyalomma anatolicum</em> infesting dogs in two provinces of Pakistan confirming the endemic nature of this parasitic infection. This study will add to the existing information regarding <em>Hepatozoon canis</em> prevalence in hard ticks from Pakistan and will assist in planning and implementation of canine vector borne disease control in Pakistan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA damage induced by parasitic infections in humans and animals","authors":"Milan Rajković ,&nbsp;Gunita Deksne ,&nbsp;Lada Živković ,&nbsp;Elina Leonova ,&nbsp;Biljana Spremo-Potparević ,&nbsp;Nikolajs Sjakste","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pathologies caused by parasitic infections, including protozoans and helminths remain a burden for healthcare in many countries. The DNA damage is produced by numerous parasites, both protozoans and helminths. However, the exact number of cancer-causing parasites and their role in neoplasma formation is still undetermined. The progression and dynamics of parasitic infections are significantly influenced by endogenously induced increase in oxidative stress (OS). Increased ROS production undermines antioxidant defense mechanisms by disrupting the balance between prooxidants and antioxidants, causing structural damage to important biomolecules, including host DNA. The generation of DNA damage possibly leads to the progression of carcinogenesis. However, direct DNA damage by parasites, eggs and factors released by parasites is also possible, and it leads to genomic instability that is a hallmark of most human and animal cancers. Understanding the way parasites induce DNA damage in the hosts may be helpful in the control of parasitic infections and the prevention of parasite-induced malignancies, ultimately benefiting the health of humans and animals. This review article offers an updated overview of parasitic infection-induced DNA damage mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of recombinant VP6 protein based in-house Latex Agglutination test with other diagnostic assays for detection of Rotavirus A from calves, piglets and children","authors":"Bilal Ahmad Malla ,&nbsp;Zunjar Baburao Dubal ,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar ,&nbsp;Obli Rajendran Vinodh Kumar ,&nbsp;Aquil Mohmad ,&nbsp;Pashupathi Mani ,&nbsp;Kaushal Kishor Rajak ,&nbsp;Kiran Narayan Bhilegaonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, VP6 protein of rotavirus A (RVA) was expressed in the prokaryotic system for the development of indigenous Latex Agglutination Test for diagnosis of RVA gastroenteritis in animals. Polyclonal anti-rVP6 IgG were raised in rabbits; purified and conjugated to carboxylated beads via covalent coupling for development of in-house LAT. Clinical utility of in-house developed LAT was evaluated on 313 stool samples collected from calves, children and piglets of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. In-house LAT yielded consistent results at weekly intervals for 2 months. Best visual perception of agglutination was observed when 5 μL beads coupled with 200 μg anti-rVP6 IgG and 10 μL of antigen reacted within reaction time of 2 minutes. Relative sensitivity and specificity of in-house LAT w.r.t RT-PCR was 65.45 % and 95.73 %, respectively; w.r.t commercial LFA was 75.55 % and 95.14 %, respectively and w.r.t RNA-PAGE was 70.27 % and 92.39 %, respectively. The kappa agreement between LAT and RT-PCR was 0.65 (substantial); between LAT and LFA was 0.7 (substantial) and between LAT and RNA-PAGE was 0.56 (moderate). Overall RVA stool positivity from children, calves and piglets with 4 assays was found to be 40 % (40/100), 9 % (9/100) and 16.81 % (19/113), respectively. Higher positivity was recorded in male (45.90 %, 28/61) than in female (30.76 %, 12/39) children. Developed LAT has fulfilled the WHO criteria for point-of-care testing with satisfactory efficacy for detection of RVA. This may serve as a preliminary assay for epidemiological surveillance of RVA antigen in determining rotavirus outbreaks in animal herds under resource-poor settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102336"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the epidemiology of calicivirus infection of cats using molecular and virus isolation techniques","authors":"Gulizar Acar ,&nbsp;Seval Bi̇lge-Dagalp","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline calicivirus (FCV) an important and widely detected upper respiratory system agent in cats. Being genetically diverse, FCV can cause different symptoms, such as pneumonia, oral lesions, conjunctivitis, arthritis, and, recently, virulent systemic disease. The present study first determined the presence/prevalence of FCV infection in sampled vaccinated/unvaccinated cats with suspected FCV and/or clinically healthy. Second, it compared PCR and virus isolation (VI) in detecting FCV in these cats. It also aimed to diagnose FCV, and evaluate the advantages/disadvantages of the region and primers used for PCR. Third, it genetically characterized the FCV strains, targeting the VP1 (A-B and E) gene region. A total of 331 diagnostic materials (conjunctival, nasal, oropharyngeal swab samples, and EDTA-containing blood samples) were obtained from 107 cats and checked using PCR and VI. Including both tests, the overall FCV positivity rate was 43.93 % (47/107). The FCV positivity rate was 35.99 % (21/59)/53.33 % (24/45) in vaccinated/unvaccinated and 58.06 % (18/31)/38.16 % (29/76) in clinically infected/clinically healthy cats, respectively. As a result of direct nested RT-PCR, FCV positivity was detected in 23.08 % of oropharyngeal swabs, 15.24 % of nasal swabs and 14.02 % of conjunctival swabs based on diagnostic material. FCV was also detected in 19.63 % (21/107) of the cats after virus isolation. Those samples that were FCV positive for VP1 A-B and VP1 E were subjected to sequence and phylogenetic analysis. Regarding many of the detected viruses were similar to the viruses in Genogroup I, while two viruses (ANK111OSW and ANK113OSW) were phylogenetically similar to both Genogroup I and Genogroup II at the same rate (74.30 %). The findings indicate a, higher overall FCV detection rate than in previous studies in Türkiye. Molecular diagnostic methods are not always sufficient for diagnosing infection due to FCV’s genetic diversity from mutation and, recombination. Hence, including VI techniques in FCV evaluation will help prevent false negative results. Furthermore, testing oropharyngeal, nasal and conjunctival swabs together for FCV is believed to provide more accurate results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"119 ","pages":"Article 102335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staphylococcus spp. and methicillin-resistance gene mecA dispersion in seawater: A case study of Guanabara Bay's recreational and touristic waters","authors":"Lucas Cecílio Vilar ,&nbsp;Antônio Carlos Silva Rego ,&nbsp;Marco Antônio Lemos Miguel ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Pinheiro da Rocha Paranhos ,&nbsp;Marinella Silva Laport ,&nbsp;Ciro César Rossi ,&nbsp;Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental <em>Staphylococci</em>, particularly coagulase-negative <em>Staphylococci</em> (CoNS), are known reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes and human-animal opportunistic pathogens, yet their role within the One Health framework remains underexplored. In this study, we isolated 12 species of CoNS from two sites 10 km apart in Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, with the most frequent species being the opportunistic <em>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</em> (30.3 %), <em>Staphylococcus warneri</em> (25.7 %), and <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> (16.7 %). GTG₅-PCR fingerprinting revealed significant genetic diversity, yet identical profiles persisted across both sites throughout the year, indicating strain dispersion and persistence. Among the 66 strains analyzed, 42 exhibited resistance to clinically significant antimicrobials, including methicillin-resistant strains harboring the <em>mecA</em> gene. Remarkably, 22.7 % of the strains carried CRISPR-Cas systems, a frequency unusually high for <em>Staphylococcus</em> spp., suggesting that bacteriophage pressure in the seawater environment may drive this increase. The presence of antimicrobial-resistant CoNS in Guanabara Bay, a popular recreational area, represents a potential public health risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven dynamical system model for assessing targeted interventions against brucellosis in Tanzania","authors":"Innocent Sosoma ,&nbsp;Eunice Mureithi ,&nbsp;Guttorm Alendal ,&nbsp;Zachariah Makondo ,&nbsp;Nyimvua Shaban Mbare","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brucellosis remains a critical public health and economic concern in Tanzania, particularly in regions with high livestock-human interaction. This paper developed a data-driven dynamical system model to evaluate targeted interventions for controlling brucellosis transmission. The model integrated human, animal, and environmental components, emphasizing public health education and domestic animal management practices. Data from ten regions namely Dodoma, Morogoro, Manyara, Arusha, Mara, Kagera, Shinyanga, Mwanza, Tanga, and Singida, collected between January 2021 and May 2024 were used for parameter estimation. The model was fitted to observed data using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method with the Adaptive Metropolis algorithm, while a graph-theoretic approach derived the effective reproduction number (<em>R</em>_<em>e</em>) and the force of infection to quantify intervention impacts. Results showed a marked decline in brucellosis transmission. The force of infection dropped from 0.99262 in 2021 to 0.13265 in May 2024, and annual cases fell from 173 in 2021 to 93 in 2024. Public health education improved safe animal handling practices, while enhanced animal management strategies such as fencing, health checks, isolation of infected animals, and controlled breeding curbed disease spread and reduced environmental contamination. Sustained interventions kept <em>R</em>_<em>e</em> &lt; 1, achieving long-term disease control. These findings underscore the importance of continuous monitoring, expanded diagnostics, and region-specific interventions to sustain progress and address remaining challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural human-snake interactions in the festa dei serpari as an opportunity for the surveillance of bacterial pathogens of zoonotic concern","authors":"Renata Fagundes-Moreira ,&nbsp;Domenico Otranto ,&nbsp;Gianpaolo Montinaro ,&nbsp;Ernesto Filippi ,&nbsp;Alessio Lorusso ,&nbsp;Antonio Petrini ,&nbsp;Livia De Fazi ,&nbsp;Marialaura Corrente ,&nbsp;Giovanni Benelli ,&nbsp;Jairo A. Mendoza-Roldan","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reptiles harbour a wide range of pathogen species, some of which can pose risks to human health. Among them, snakes serve as valuable sentinels for monitoring pathogens, particularly in some cultural contexts where animal-human interactions offer a unique opportunity to delve into bacterial dynamics throughout the years. This is the case of the annual serpent ritual “<em>festa dei serpari</em>” in Cocullo, in central Italy renowned for the San Domenico snakes festival. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of a comprehensive database of bacterial pathogens associated with wild snakes captured during the ritual, from 2010 to 2023 (excluding 2020 and 2021). Using different sampling methods, comprising cloacal, oral, and cutaneous swabs, along with faecal material, a total of 563 biological samples were collected from 465 registered snakes harvested for this unique ritual. Samples were analysed to assess the prevalence of bacterial species on snakes and the potential risks to human health. Seventy bacterial species were identified using traditional growth media, molecular diagnosis, biochemical analyses, and mass spectrometry performed in two national reference institutes. Among the results, zoonotic and opportunistic bacteria such as <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and drug-resistant <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> were of particular concern. The results also revealed significant trends during the years under investigation, with an increasing prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria and <em>Staphylococcus sciuri</em>, along with a decline in <em>Salmonella</em> spp. Our findings emphasize the importance of continued surveillance of zoonotic pathogens, given the close human-snake interactions that occur during this Sacro-profane historical ritual.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in migratory geese at West Texas recreational parks","authors":"Yamima Tasnim ,&nbsp;Md. Kaisar Rahman ,&nbsp;Cherissa Abdul-Hamid ,&nbsp;Babafela Awosile","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the prevalence, and the genomic characteristics of <em>beta-lactamase-</em>Resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolated from the feces of migratory geese at one health interface in West Texas. A descriptive study was conducted. We collected geese feces (n = 165), water (n = 118), and soil (n = 74) from 22 recreational parks in West Texas. We used Chromogenic agar to isolate extended-spectrum <em>beta-lactamase</em> (ESBL)-Resistant-<em>E. coli</em>. We used the whole genome sequencing (WGS) method to determine the genomic characteristics of selected <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Among 357 samples, 12.61 % (95 %CI: 9.34–16.50) were positive for ESBL- Resistant-<em>E. coli</em>. From WGS of 20 <em>E. coli</em> isolates, 19 isolates harbored at least 1 <em>beta-lactamase</em> gene including <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-1, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-65, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-14, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-15, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-27, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-55, <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-32, <em>bla</em>_TEM-1A, <em>bla</em>_TEM-1B. Most of the isolates carried genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines-(<em>tet(A)</em>, <em>tet(B)</em>), aminoglycosides-(<em>aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ia, aadA1</em>), sulfonamides-(<em>sul1,sul2</em>), amphenicol-(<em>floR</em>), trimethoprim-(<em>dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA17</em>) and streptogramin-B(MLSB) agent-(<em>mph(A)</em>). 13 isolates showed chromosomal mutations in the promoter region G of the <em>ampC beta-lactamase</em> gene. We detected sixteen incompatibility plasmid groups and 60 virulence genes, which are related to adherence, exotoxin, invasion, and nutrition/metabolic factors. Genome analysis showed that all isolates were genetically similar to human <em>E. coli</em> isolates. The study showed that migratory geese at recreational parks can be reservoirs of resistant bacteria with diverse serotypes and sequence types of <em>E. coli</em> isolates. Based on the findings, the detection of a multidrug-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strain reinforces the importance of adequate hygiene practices for humans and pet animals after visiting recreational parks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of coccidiosis in broiler chickens in Medea, Algeria","authors":"Khelouia Amina ,&nbsp;Mohamed Sadek Bachene ,&nbsp;Oumouna Mustapha ,&nbsp;Taha Moussadak Hamdi","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study, investigates the prevalence of Eimeria species in broiler farms in Medea, Algeria. A total of 200 samples were collected from 26 breeding farms across 07 regions in Medea, finding a prevalence rate of 100 %. Five Eimeria species were present in all broiler farms. The results indicated that most fecal samples contained multiple Eimeria species. The decreasing infection rates of Eimeria in the studied broiler farms were: E. Mitis (92,5 %), E. tenella (81 %), E. necatrix (76 %),E. maxima (38,5 %), E. brunetti (22 %),E. acervulina (00 %), and E. praecox (00 %). This indicates that E. mitis is the predominant species in the province of Medea.Histopathological examination of the intestines revealed destruction of epithelial cells caused by the development of the parasite's asexual stages, leading to errosive and hemorrhagic lesions throughout the entire intestine. The mucosa appeared denuded and disrupted, with intense inflammation extending from the <em>lamina propria</em> to the submucosa. Additionally, thickening of the muscularis mucosa was observed, along with broken or fused tips of the villi. These results indicated that the prevalence of coccidiosis is high among the broiler farms in Medea province, North of Algeria. As a conclusion, it seems that the epidemiological situation of poultry coccidiosis in Medea province must be taken into consideration in order to minimize the economic losses caused by this parasitosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira among Rattus norvegicus in urban residential areas of Guangzhou, Southern China","authors":"Shan-Hong Yi ,&nbsp;Dan Xun ,&nbsp;Qiao-Ling Lei,&nbsp;Chen-Chen Yang,&nbsp;Jian-Wei Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spirochetes, poses a significant global public health threat. Rodents, particularly those inhabiting urban environments, are recognized as the primary reservoirs for human infections. Therefore, conducting epidemiological studies on pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> in urban rodent populations is essential for evaluating the risk of human leptospirosis. In this study, we captured 263 <em>Rattus norvegicus</em> from urban residential areas across five districts in Guangzhou to access the prevalence and genetic diversity of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em>. Our findings revealed the presence of two pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> species, <em>L. interrogans</em> and <em>L. borgpetersenii</em>, which are the primary pathogens responsible for human leptospirosis in China, in four of the five districts, with an overall prevalence of 10.3 %. Given the close proximity of <em>R. norvegicus</em> to human populations in urban areas, this significant prevalence of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> indicates an elevated risk of leptospirosis outbreaks among residents of Guangzhou. These results highlight the urgent need for ongoing monitoring of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> infections in urban rodent populations to prevent and control potential outbreaks of leptospirosis in the city.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"118 ","pages":"Article 102322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}