Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Modeling the effects of contaminated environments on the transmission dynamics of avian influenza in humans and domestic birds","authors":"Serapia Soka ,&nbsp;Maranya Mayengo ,&nbsp;Moatlhodi Kgosimore","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza is a viral infection that affects birds and can spread to humans and other animals, causing severe illness and high mortality in both populations. Migratory birds are the primary transmitters of the virus, shedding it into the environment. This study investigates the effects of contaminated environments in the transmission dynamics of avian influenza. We suggest a deterministic mathematical model to capture the interactions between humans, domestic birds, and contaminated environments. A model takes the form of a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The next-generation matrix technique calculates the basic reproduction number (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). The stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points is analyzed. When <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the avian influenza free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, whereas when <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) methods are employed to assess the sensitivity of the model parameters. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effects of different model parameters associated with environmental contamination towards <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The results indicate that the transmission rates of avian influenza virus by humans and domestic birds are directly proportional to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosing coinfections: The interaction between Toxoplasma gondii and hemotropic agents in Colombian dogs and cats","authors":"C. Ríos-Úsuga ,&nbsp;L.M. Rendón-Ramos ,&nbsp;I.L. Jaramillo-Delgado ,&nbsp;N.M. Correa-Valencia","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to analyze the relationships between <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection and hemotropic species (i.e., Rickettsiales, <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em>, <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em>, <em>Babesia</em> spp., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., and <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp<em>.</em>) via qPCR and to explore the associations between <em>T. gondii</em> monoinfection or coinfection with hemotropic species and the characteristics of dogs and cats in Antioquia (Colombia). A cross-sectional study was conducted with blood samples from dogs and cats positive for <em>T. gondii</em> by qPCR, with or without hemotropic coinfection. Hemogram results and demographic data were analyzed. Associations with monoinfection/coinfection were tested via Fisher’s exact test or the ꭕ² test (p &lt; 0.10). Among the 590 animals (383 dogs, 207 cats), 262 (44.4 %) tested positive for <em>T. gondii</em> (dogs: 175/262, 66.8 %; cats: 87/262, 33.2 %). Among the dogs, 73.7 % had coinfections, including Rickettsiales (101/129), <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em> (55/129), <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em> (9/129), <em>Bartonella</em> spp<em>.</em> (7/129), and <em>Babesia</em> spp<em>.</em> (2/129); none tested positive for <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp<em>.</em> Coinfections were associated with breed, outdoor access, reticulocytes, lymphocytes, or reproductive status. In cats, 72.4 % had coinfections: <em>Bartonella</em> spp<em>.</em> (40/63), <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em> (23/63), Rickettsiales (11/63), and <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em> (3/63). All the cats tested negative for <em>Babesia</em> spp. and <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp. Coinfections were associated with leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and protein alterations. <em>T. gondii</em> is prevalent in dogs and cats, with frequent coinfections. Environmental and biological factors influence these patterns, underscoring the importance of integrated diagnostics and surveillance. These findings suggest associations that warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stray animals and antimicrobial resistance: A sentinel warning for one health preparedness","authors":"Nathkapach Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon,&nbsp;Natnapa Heebkaew Padchasuwan,&nbsp;Nav La,&nbsp;Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent study by Nocera et al. sheds light on the role of stray dogs and cats as potential reservoirs for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in urban environments, particularly focusing on <em>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</em> and <em>Staphylococcus felis</em>. This Letter critically appraises the methodological strengths and public health implications of their findings, while comparing them with existing literature. We highlight the significance of their resistance profiling approach, the emerging zoonotic potential of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and the environmental interface of stray animals with AMR dissemination. Furthermore, we propose integrative One Health strategies and future research directions that can leverage stray animals as environmental sentinels for early AMR detection. These perspectives underline the urgent need for expanding surveillance beyond clinical and companion animals into urban, free-roaming populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross sectional survey on the prevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women in Biskra (Southeastern Algeria)","authors":"Rayenne Benkacem ,&nbsp;Mohammed Titaouine ,&nbsp;Adel Mammeri ,&nbsp;Djalel Eddine Gherissi ,&nbsp;Nabil Mohamdi ,&nbsp;Yahia Chebloune","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Toxoplasmosis, caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, is a zoonotic disease with significant global public health implications. In Algeria, data on its epidemiology are scarce. This study aimed to assess for the first time the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and identify associated risk factors among pregnant women in Biskra governorate in southeastern of Algeria. A cross-sectional survey (October 2022–May 2023) involved 453 women. Data on socio-demographics characteristics, gynecological history, and lifestyle habits were collected via structured questionnaires. Plasma samples were analysed for IgG and IgM antibodies using ELISA techniques. Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate logistic regression, were performed to identify significant risk factors associated with seropositivity. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 30.02 %. Univariate analysis identified several significant associated risk factors, including a history of spontaneous abortion (OR = 3.897), having single spontaneous abortions (OR = 4.96), consumption of unpasteurized milk (OR = 1.789), and owning pets (OR = 1.593). Living in urban areas appeared to be a protective factor (OR = 0.60). Multivariate analysis further highlighted feeding raw meat to animals (AOR = 8.395) and having given birth to a malformed child (AOR = 6.718) as major risk factors. Additionally, fast food consumption (AOR = 2.07) and cats ownership (AOR = 3.724) were also significantly associated with <em>T. gondii</em> seropositivity. The findings underscore the importance of implementig robust screening, prevention, and treatment strategies for toxoplasmosis, particularly among pregnant women. This study offers valuable epidemiological insights into toxoplasmosis in Algeria, addressing a critical knowledge gap.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV) and felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1) in cats with clinical signs and clinically healthy cats","authors":"Gulizar Acar ,&nbsp;Seval Bilge-Dagalp ,&nbsp;Tarik Fedai ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan ,&nbsp;Hakan Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1), commonly detected in cats, are significant viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and various clinical signs. Co-infection with both viruses is common and a major problem in feline health worldwide. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of both FCV and FeAHV-1 in suspected cats with either clinically healthy or clinical signs in relation to various parameters related to the sampled animals. A total of 331 diagnostic samples (conjunctival, nasal, and oropharyngeal swabs, and EDTA blood samples) were collected from 107 cats and examined using PCR. FCV nucleic acid was detected in cats 33.64 % (36/107), while FeAHV-1 nucleic acid was found 64.48 % (69/107). Of the cats with clinical signs (n = 31), 48.38 % (15/31) and 74.19 % (23/31) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively, while 27.63 % (21/76) and 60.52 % (46/76) of the clinically healthy cats (n = 76) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively. The overall positivity rates for FCV and FeAHV-1 were 90.32 % (28/31) in cats with clinical signs and 72.36 % (55/76) in clinically healthy cats, respectively. Additionally, 20.33 % (12/59) of vaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 64.40 % (38/59) for FeAHV-1, whereas 48.88 % (22/45) of unvaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 66.67 % (30/45) for FeAHV-1. The results indicate that both infections are prevalent among clinical and/or clinically healthy, vaccinated/unvaccinated cats. This indicates that clinically healthy cats may play a significant role in the epidemiology of these infections, and that vaccination may not provide complete protection against FCV and FeAHV-1 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny analysis of Bartonella genus in hard tick samples associated to domestic animals in west of Iran","authors":"Mina Khamooshian ,&nbsp;Amin Jaydari ,&nbsp;Nemat Shams ,&nbsp;Peyman Khademi ,&nbsp;Hassan Nayebzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bartonella</em>, as emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting various domestic and wild mammals, pose a significant threat to public health due to their role as zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of the genus and species of <em>Bartonella</em> and to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of these organisms in ticks from five western provinces Hamedan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Ilam, and Kurdistan, in Iran. Ticks were also collected from dogs, sheep, and goats. A total of 978 ticks were collected and subsequently divided into pools of 10. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed using specific primers to screen for the presence of <em>Bartonella</em> species. Additionally, sequence analysis was conducted based on the <em>rpo</em>B, <em>glt</em>A, <em>fts</em>Z, <em>gro</em>EL, and <em>rib</em>C genes to identify the presence of <em>Bartonella</em>. Phylogentic analysis was also performed using MEGA 11 software. The overall prevalence of the genus and species of <em>Bartonella</em> based on the <em>glt</em>A gene in 98 pooled samples in the study areas was 5 (5.01 %) (with a 95 % CI: 2.20 %-11.39 %). It is noteworthy that negative results were observed only in Ilam and Hamadan provinces. The presence of <em>Bartonella quintana</em>, <em>Bartonella clarridageiae</em> and <em>Bartonella</em> spp. was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the <em>glt</em>A, <em>gro</em>EL, <em>fts</em>Z, <em>rpo</em>B, and <em>rib</em>C genes, with a similarity of 96.96 %-100 %. In light of these findings, it can be posited that the genus and species of <em>Bartonella</em>, particularly <em>B. quintana</em> and <em>B. clarridageiae</em> are present in the ticks of western Iran.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in feces of wild mammals from a National Park in Central Italy","authors":"Fabrizio Bertelloni ,&nbsp;Giulia Cagnoli ,&nbsp;Maria Irene Pacini ,&nbsp;Valeria Russini ,&nbsp;Maria Laura De Marchis ,&nbsp;Teresa Bossù ,&nbsp;Valentina Virginia Ebani","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wild animals can act as reservoirs and spreader for various pathogens, contributing to the environmental contamination. Additionally, wildlife is an important bioindicator of its habitats. This study aimed to investigate the presence of specific bacterial zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in feces of wild mammals. A total of 124 fecal samples were collected from a National park in Central Italy and tested for the presence of <em>Salmonella</em> spp., <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em>, <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em>, <em>Coxiella burnetii</em>, <em>Mycobacterium</em> spp., Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Agama was isolated from the feces of five badgers and one roe deer, displaying the same pulsotype, while <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serotype Eboko was identified in a single fecal sample from a mustelid. <em>Y. enterocolitica</em> was detected in 30 of the fecal samples from various species; Two isolates were classified as biotype 4, seven as biotype 3, and 21 as biotype 1 A, with all exhibiting different pulsotypes. Most isolates of <em>Salmonella</em> and <em>Yersinia</em> demonstrated full susceptibility to the antimicrobials tested. One ESBL producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> was detected in the feces of a mustelid, testing positive for the <em>bla</em>_{<em>TEM-1</em>} and <em>bla</em>_{<em>CTX-M-15</em>} genes. <em>L. monocytogenes</em>, <em>C. burnetii, Mycobacterium</em> spp., and cephalosporinase producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> were not detected. These findings underscore the role of wild mammals as potential spreaders of zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, despite the relatively low detection rates. Ongoing monitoring programs in wildlife are essential to know the microorganisms circulation in specific areas and to assess the risks they pose to public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Clostridium perfringens sialidase as a novel antiviral agent against avian influenza H5N1 infection in BALB/c mice","authors":"Otto Sahat Martua Silaen ,&nbsp;Silvia Tri Widyaningtyas ,&nbsp;Christian Marco Hadi Nugroho ,&nbsp;Ryan Septa Kurnia ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ade Putra ,&nbsp;Agustin Indrawati ,&nbsp;Desak Gede Budi Krisnamurti ,&nbsp;Amin Soebandrio","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The public health concern about H5N1 avian influenza persists because of its lethal nature and its capability to spread between different species and its growing resistance to conventional antiviral medications. The antiviral drug potential of sialidases from <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> remains under investigation because these enzymes can strip sialic acid from viral surfaces which prevents viral attachment to host cells. This study aimed to determine the antiviral effects of <em>C. perfringens</em> sialidase on H5N1-infected BALB/c mice through both preventive and curative treatment protocols. The mice received intranasal sialidase at two concentrations of 187.5 mU/ml and 375 mU/ml for three consecutive days either before viral exposure or after viral challenge. The study included weight tracking and ELISA tests to measure lung tissue viral antigens as well as lung tissue histopathology and IL-6 and TNF-α expression analysis. The treatment with 375 mU/ml sialidase twice proved most effective in maintaining physiological function and reducing viral load and lung tissue damage. The treatment results demonstrated that it reduced inflammatory response by lowering IL-6 and TNF-α expression levels. The research proves that <em>C. perfringens</em> sialidase exhibits antiviral and immunomodulatory actions when used in vivo. The curative outcome depends heavily on treatment dose and frequency which will impact future implementation. The antiviral properties of <em>C. perfringens</em> sialidase make it a promising therapeutic option for treating influenza virus strains that are resistant to drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144501814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of the bovine brucellosis vaccination rate in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2011 to 2022","authors":"Anna Cecilia Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,&nbsp;Yasmim Domingos da Silva ,&nbsp;Julio Silvio de Souza Bueno Filho ,&nbsp;James F. Lowe ,&nbsp;Andrey Pereira Lage ,&nbsp;Luciana Faria de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim was to perform a spatiotemporal analysis of bovine brucellosis vaccination rate (BBVR) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2011–2022 and to identify sociodemographic characteristics of cattle farmers associated with BBVR. A spatiotemporal analysis by means of a spatial autocorrelation test (Moran’s I test) and local spatial autocorrelation analysis (LISA) was conducted with the BBVR. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was developed to investigate the influence of sociodemographic of cattle farmers on the BBVR from the agricultural census of 2017. The BBVR in Minas Gerais increased over time, and Moran’s I test revealed clusters of vaccination rates for all analyzed years, with low-high and high-high clusters becoming more prominent over the years. The GLMM revealed a positive influence of technical assistance, disease and parasite control, and sex on the BBVR. Therefore, our results elucidate the improvement of BBVR, indicating sociodemographic characteristics and regions that should be considered for tailored brucellosis control measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria: An expanding endemic disease","authors":"Assia Bentahar ,&nbsp;Idir Moualek ,&nbsp;Nacer Eddine Messahel ,&nbsp;Hocine Kerkoub ,&nbsp;Besma Safa Keffous ,&nbsp;Ismail Lafri","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by <em>Leishmania</em> spp., is an important vector-borne and largely zoonotic disease in Algeria. The country ranks as the primary focus of leishmaniasis in the African subcontinent and the second-largest focus globally. Three distinct epidemiological types of CL have been described: anthroponotic CL (ACL), zoonotic CL (ZCL), and sporadic CL (SCL). The incidence of leishmaniasis fluctuates annually, highlighting the need for more efficient diagnostic tools, improved treatment options, and effective preventive measures. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary and discussion of studies on CL conducted in Algeria, with a particular focus on control strategies, the key challenges associated with their implementation, and the impact of environmental and climatic factors on the disease's spread. Published articles on leishmaniasis in Algeria were searched on PubMed, Google Scholar and ResearchGate databases. Inclusion criteria for the articles were based on keyword searches including “Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria”, “Extension of leishmaniasis in Algeria”, and “Leishmaniasis epidemiology in Algeria” which are publicly accessible as of 31th December 2024. CL is a major and widespread parasitic infection in Algeria, with 299725 cases reported between 1982 and 2023. There is compelling evidence indicating that both zoonotic and anthroponotic forms of leishmaniasis are expanding their geographic range in the country, largely driven by factors such as climate and environmental changes. Infections have been reported in all provinces, including endemic regions in Algeria's arid and semi-arid areas. However, control strategies for leishmaniasis remain limited, poorly implemented in many parts of the country, and face numerous challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}