Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Global epidemiology and molecular typing of Coxiella burnetii: A systematic review of Q fever in humans and animals","authors":"Mohamed Rahal ,&nbsp;Omar Salhi ,&nbsp;Imane Ouchetati ,&nbsp;Nadjet Amina Khelifi Touhami ,&nbsp;Nassim Ouchene","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review, conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, provides a comprehensive synthesis of epidemiological data on Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, in humans and animals worldwide. A total of 1321 publications were identified, of which 166 met the inclusion criteria. Q fever, first described in 1937 in Australian abattoir workers, remains a globally distributed zoonosis, with domestic ruminants (sheep, goats, cattle) serving as the primary reservoirs and sources of human infection. Transmission occurs mainly via inhalation of contaminated aerosols, particularly during parturition or abortion events. The pathogen is a strict intracellular bacterium with a small genome (∼2 Mb) and plasmid diversity that contributes to strain variation. Laboratory diagnosis relies primarily on serology (IFA as gold standard) and PCR for early detection, while cultivation is restricted to BSL-3 facilities due to biosafety concerns. Molecular epidemiology has progressed with typing methods such as Multispacer Sequence Typing (MST), Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis (MLVA), and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). MST is widely used due to its reproducibility and application to clinical and environmental samples, though MLVA and WGS provide higher discriminatory power. Genotyping has revealed significant host- and region-specific diversity, with some lineages, such as MST17 in French Guiana, associated with severe disease. Geographically, Q fever shows marked heterogeneity. In Europe, sporadic cases coexist with large outbreaks, exemplified by the Netherlands epidemic (2007–2010) with &gt; 4000 confirmed human cases linked to goat farms. France, Germany, Spain, and Italy also report endemicity, often with regionally distinct genotypes. In Africa, prevalence varies widely, reaching up to 32 % in Egypt and &gt; 70 % in camels in Algeria, though surveillance is limited. North America, Latin America, Asia, and Australia also document circulation, with underdiagnosis common outside Europe. Overall, the study highlights Q fever as a persistent global zoonosis with underestimated burden, requiring strengthened surveillance, molecular epidemiology, and One Health approaches to mitigate human and animal health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular prevalence of zoonotic nematode parasite Calodium hepaticum in household rat population in Chennai city, India","authors":"Azhahianambi Palavesam ,&nbsp;Gokula Kannan Ragavan ,&nbsp;Jalantha Periasamy ,&nbsp;Purushothaman Selvaraj ,&nbsp;Dharman Murugesan ,&nbsp;Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan ,&nbsp;Aravindh Babu Ramasamy Parthiban ,&nbsp;Soundararajan Chinnaiyan ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Morkonda Rajaram ,&nbsp;Sridhar Ramaswamy ,&nbsp;Nagendra R. Hegde ,&nbsp;G. Taru Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Calodium hepaticum</em> (syn. <em>Capillaria hepatica</em>) is a zoonotic nematode parasite occurring commonly in the liver of rats, which act as primary reservoir hosts. In the present study, 55 household rats in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, were trapped and screened for <em>C. hepaticum</em> infection in the liver. All the collected rat liver samples were subjected to macroscopic examination. Rat liver samples with yellowish-white patch lesions were confirmed for the presence of bi-operculate and ellipsoidal shape eggs by parasitological and histopathological examination. A parasite-specific semi-nested PCR was developed to amplify the partial <em>18S rRNA</em> gene of <em>C. hepaticum</em>. The limit of detection of the semi-nested PCR was 15 aM. All the liver samples were screened by the semi-nested PCR<em>.</em> Of the 55 rat liver samples screened by semi-nested PCR, 21 were positive for <em>C. hepaticum</em>, indicating a prevalence of 38.18 %. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the <em>18S rRNA</em> gene sequence belonged to <em>C. hepaticum.</em> This report is the first molecular confirmation of <em>C. hepaticum</em> in rats in India. This study highlights the high level of prevalence of <em>C. hepaticum</em> in the household rat population and the risk of zoonotic transmission of hepatic calodiosis to human beings living in close proximity to infected rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenem encoding genes among carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from North Casablanca, Morocco","authors":"Fatima Mourabiti ,&nbsp;FatimaZahra Jouga ,&nbsp;Yasmina Mouzoun ,&nbsp;Sinem Arslan ,&nbsp;Rossana Schena ,&nbsp;Yassine Zouheir ,&nbsp;Abdelaziz Soukri ,&nbsp;Luisa De Martino ,&nbsp;Francesca Paola Nocera ,&nbsp;Bouchra El Khalfi","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbapenem resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are a major cause of critical infections and are considered an urgent public health concern. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of CR-GNB and the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates from Casablanca, Morocco. Firstly, the strains were collected and identified using phenotypic and biochemical methods, then the antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disc diffusion assay to screen isolates resistant to carbapenems. Secondly, three traditional methods, the carbapenem inactivation method, the modified Hodge, and the in-house carba-NP, were performed to predict the carbapenemase production by the included strains. Finally, conventional PCR was utilized to validate and detect the carbapenemase- and ESBL-related genes. Concerning the results, out of the identified 122 strains, 48 were CR isolates, including 30 <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em>, 13 <em>Escherichia coli</em>, and 5 <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Furthermore, these strains presented a high level of resistance. Moreover, the prediction of carbapenemase production by the phenotypic methods showed variable results. Also, the PCR analysis revealed a high occurrence of β-lactamase (ESBL and carbapenemase) genes in the included clinical strains, and most strains harbored multiple resistance genes. Our findings suggest that the three existing methods have some limitations, and a validation study is still necessary for the carbapenemase diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102399"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144892833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic variants of Bartonella henselae in domesticated cats, including blood donors, in central-western Brazil","authors":"Lorena Freitas das Neves ,&nbsp;Clara Morato Dias ,&nbsp;Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel ,&nbsp;Gabrielly de Oliveira Lopes ,&nbsp;Liliane Maria do Rosario Batista ,&nbsp;Francisco Anilton Alves Araujo ,&nbsp;Gener Tadeu Pereira ,&nbsp;Rosangela Zacarias Machado ,&nbsp;Marcos Rogério André","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bartonella henselae</em> is a significant zoonotic agent, with domestic cats serving as primary reservoirs. This study investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of <em>B. henselae</em> in domestic cats from central-western Brazil, including both animals from veterinary clinics and cat blood donors. Serological, microbiological, and molecular techniques were employed. Serum samples were tested using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to detect anti-<em>B. henselae</em> IgG antibodies. Molecular detection of <em>Bartonella</em> spp. was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the 16–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, both directly from blood and after enrichment in Bartonella Alpha Proteobacteria Growth Medium (BAPGM). Antibodies were detected in 60.75 % of cats, while qPCR identified <em>Bartonella</em> spp. DNA in 32 % and 46 % of cats from veterinary clinics and blood donors, respectively. Following BAPGM enrichment, 78.2 % of previously negative samples were tested positive by qPCR. Co-positivity in serology and qPCR was observed in 25.3 % of cats. No sample tested positive in all diagnostic methods. Three <em>B. henselae</em> strains were isolated—two from clinic cats and one from a blood donor. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the presence of sequence types ST1, ST2, and ST5. This study is the first to report <em>Bartonella</em> in cat blood donors in South America and the first identification of ST5 in this population. Additionally, ST2 was reported for the first time in cats from the Americas. These findings highlight the potential risk of zoonotic <em>B. henselae</em> transmission via blood transfusion and the limited reliability of serology alone for screening blood donor cats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 102398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the Izumi plain reveals the role of wild ducks in the introduction of H5N1 HPAIVs during the 2023/24 winter season.","authors":"Mana Esaki, Kosuke Okuya, Kaori Tokorozaki, Yuko Haraguchi, Jun Ito, Makoto Ozawa","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102389","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Izumi plain, located in the southern part of Japan, serves as a major overwintering site for endangered crane species, including the hooded crane (Grus monacha) and the white-naped crane (Grus vipio). Since the 2012/13 winter season, continuous surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in environmental water and wild birds has been conducted in this region. During the 2023/24 winter season, 45 isolates of H5N1 high pathogenicity AIVs (HPAIVs) and 24 isolates of low pathogenicity AIVs (LPAIVs) were obtained at different time points from crane roost water. Additionally, H5N1 HPAIVs were detected in four wild ducks in November 2023 and in eight cranes in December 2023. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all H5N1 HPAIVs belonged to subclade G2d of clade 2.3.4.4b, with early winter isolates-particularly those from wild ducks and roost water-occupying more ancestral phylogenetic positions. These findings suggest that wild ducks likely introduced HPAIVs into the overwintering site. Genotype analysis based on the genetic constellations of all eight gene segments indicated the co-introduction of multiple HPAIV genotypes into the Izumi plain and suggested bidirectional gene segment exchange between HPAIVs and LPAIVs. Hemagglutination inhibition assays detected no H5 HA-specific antibodies in six overwintering cranes, implying a limited role for cranes in virus dissemination. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of continued virological surveillance and genetic monitoring of AIVs at major overwintering sites, where close ecological interactions between wild ducks and cranes facilitate cross-species transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"102389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of antibiotic resistance in Southeastern US raptors before and after rehabilitation.","authors":"Leigha M Stahl, Stephanie Kadletz, Julie B Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is an increasing issue that affects human and animal health. Birds can serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which combined with their ability to fly, increases the risk of disseminating resistant bacteria. To assess antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteria were isolated from fecal samples collected from raptors, defined as birds of prey, admitted to a raptor rehabilitation center. A total of 389 isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered from 61 raptors, and each isolate was subjected to phenotypic susceptibility tests for nine antibiotics. Resistant phenotypes were recorded, and the highest levels were observed when isolates were exposed to tetracycline (71/389 isolates; 18.3 %), ampicillin (35/389 isolates; 9.0 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21/389 isolates; 5.4 %), and trimethoprim (19/389 isolates; 4.9 %) via the disk diffusion method. Of the resistant isolates, 31.6 % displayed resistance to two or more antibiotics within the same isolate and 6.3 % displayed multidrug resistance; the greatest amount of multidrug resistance was observed in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates, some due to intrinsic resistance for En. hormaechei. Birds slated for release maintained similar antibiotic resistance profiles compared to intake. Conversely, non-releasable birds harbored different types of antibiotic resistance. Based on logistic regression for 374 isolates and a subset of isolates collected from the same bird at different timepoints, our study indicates that time influences phenotypic antibiotic resistance during rehabilitation. Antibiotic use, variety of food items, and bird health outcome also influence antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that this is a complex but relevant topic for study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"102388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the effects of contaminated environments on the transmission dynamics of avian influenza in humans and domestic birds","authors":"Serapia Soka ,&nbsp;Maranya Mayengo ,&nbsp;Moatlhodi Kgosimore","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avian influenza is a viral infection that affects birds and can spread to humans and other animals, causing severe illness and high mortality in both populations. Migratory birds are the primary transmitters of the virus, shedding it into the environment. This study investigates the effects of contaminated environments in the transmission dynamics of avian influenza. We suggest a deterministic mathematical model to capture the interactions between humans, domestic birds, and contaminated environments. A model takes the form of a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The next-generation matrix technique calculates the basic reproduction number (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). The stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points is analyzed. When <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the avian influenza free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, whereas when <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span>, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) methods are employed to assess the sensitivity of the model parameters. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effects of different model parameters associated with environmental contamination towards <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>. The results indicate that the transmission rates of avian influenza virus by humans and domestic birds are directly proportional to <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disclosing coinfections: The interaction between Toxoplasma gondii and hemotropic agents in Colombian dogs and cats","authors":"C. Ríos-Úsuga ,&nbsp;L.M. Rendón-Ramos ,&nbsp;I.L. Jaramillo-Delgado ,&nbsp;N.M. Correa-Valencia","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to analyze the relationships between <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em> infection and hemotropic species (i.e., Rickettsiales, <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em>, <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em>, <em>Babesia</em> spp., <em>Bartonella</em> spp., and <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp<em>.</em>) via qPCR and to explore the associations between <em>T. gondii</em> monoinfection or coinfection with hemotropic species and the characteristics of dogs and cats in Antioquia (Colombia). A cross-sectional study was conducted with blood samples from dogs and cats positive for <em>T. gondii</em> by qPCR, with or without hemotropic coinfection. Hemogram results and demographic data were analyzed. Associations with monoinfection/coinfection were tested via Fisher’s exact test or the ꭕ² test (p &lt; 0.10). Among the 590 animals (383 dogs, 207 cats), 262 (44.4 %) tested positive for <em>T. gondii</em> (dogs: 175/262, 66.8 %; cats: 87/262, 33.2 %). Among the dogs, 73.7 % had coinfections, including Rickettsiales (101/129), <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em> (55/129), <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em> (9/129), <em>Bartonella</em> spp<em>.</em> (7/129), and <em>Babesia</em> spp<em>.</em> (2/129); none tested positive for <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp<em>.</em> Coinfections were associated with breed, outdoor access, reticulocytes, lymphocytes, or reproductive status. In cats, 72.4 % had coinfections: <em>Bartonella</em> spp<em>.</em> (40/63), <em>Mycoplasma</em> spp<em>.</em> (23/63), Rickettsiales (11/63), and <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp<em>.</em> (3/63). All the cats tested negative for <em>Babesia</em> spp. and <em>Trypanosoma</em> spp. Coinfections were associated with leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and protein alterations. <em>T. gondii</em> is prevalent in dogs and cats, with frequent coinfections. Environmental and biological factors influence these patterns, underscoring the importance of integrated diagnostics and surveillance. These findings suggest associations that warrant further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stray animals and antimicrobial resistance: A sentinel warning for one health preparedness","authors":"Nathkapach Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon,&nbsp;Natnapa Heebkaew Padchasuwan,&nbsp;Nav La,&nbsp;Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent study by Nocera et al. sheds light on the role of stray dogs and cats as potential reservoirs for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in urban environments, particularly focusing on <em>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</em> and <em>Staphylococcus felis</em>. This Letter critically appraises the methodological strengths and public health implications of their findings, while comparing them with existing literature. We highlight the significance of their resistance profiling approach, the emerging zoonotic potential of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and the environmental interface of stray animals with AMR dissemination. Furthermore, we propose integrative One Health strategies and future research directions that can leverage stray animals as environmental sentinels for early AMR detection. These perspectives underline the urgent need for expanding surveillance beyond clinical and companion animals into urban, free-roaming populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102386"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV) and felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1) in cats with clinical signs and clinically healthy cats","authors":"Gulizar Acar ,&nbsp;Seval Bilge-Dagalp ,&nbsp;Tarik Fedai ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan ,&nbsp;Hakan Aydin","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1), commonly detected in cats, are significant viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and various clinical signs. Co-infection with both viruses is common and a major problem in feline health worldwide. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of both FCV and FeAHV-1 in suspected cats with either clinically healthy or clinical signs in relation to various parameters related to the sampled animals. A total of 331 diagnostic samples (conjunctival, nasal, and oropharyngeal swabs, and EDTA blood samples) were collected from 107 cats and examined using PCR. FCV nucleic acid was detected in cats 33.64 % (36/107), while FeAHV-1 nucleic acid was found 64.48 % (69/107). Of the cats with clinical signs (n = 31), 48.38 % (15/31) and 74.19 % (23/31) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively, while 27.63 % (21/76) and 60.52 % (46/76) of the clinically healthy cats (n = 76) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively. The overall positivity rates for FCV and FeAHV-1 were 90.32 % (28/31) in cats with clinical signs and 72.36 % (55/76) in clinically healthy cats, respectively. Additionally, 20.33 % (12/59) of vaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 64.40 % (38/59) for FeAHV-1, whereas 48.88 % (22/45) of unvaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 66.67 % (30/45) for FeAHV-1. The results indicate that both infections are prevalent among clinical and/or clinically healthy, vaccinated/unvaccinated cats. This indicates that clinically healthy cats may play a significant role in the epidemiology of these infections, and that vaccination may not provide complete protection against FCV and FeAHV-1 infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 102383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}