Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Comparative pathogenicity of duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 in different duck breeds: Implications of the diagnosis and prevention of duck viral hepatitis","authors":"Mohamed M. Shawki ,&nbsp;Ola Y. Abido ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Saif ,&nbsp;Mohammed S. Sobh ,&nbsp;Ahmed R. Gado ,&nbsp;Arwa Elnaggar ,&nbsp;Samir A. Nassif ,&nbsp;Nahed A. El-Shall","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) infection in ducklings causes acute hepatitis with considerable economic losses. In this study, Pekin and Muscovy duckling flocks (n=9) suffering from high mortality and hepatic lesions were examined by RT-PCR for DVHA. 44.4 % (4/9) of samples were positive for DHAV (5′ UTR region), of which 100 % (4/4) were DVHA-3 (VP1 gene). VP1 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of an isolate originated from Muscovy ducklings showed that it shared 96.8 % −100 %, 88.5–89.2 %, and 86.5–88.2 % nucleotide similarity (ns) with the Egyptian, Korean-Vietnamese, and Chinese DVHA-3 strains, respectively. It was distinguished from the DHAV-1 vaccine (67.6 % ns). The sequenced DVHA-3 isolate was used to experimentally infect 5-day-old Pekin and Muscovy ducklings vs. control groups. No apparent clinical signs or deaths were reported in the experimentally-infected groups. Pekin ducklings showed greater cloacal viral shedding than Muscovy until the 6th dpi (P&lt;0.05). DVHA-3 induced a significant rise in IFN-β and IL-1β serum levels, where Muscovy ducklings' levels were higher than Pekin ducklings. Among the biochemical parameters, AST was only increased on the 4th dpi in both breeds vs. control (P&lt;0.05). Compared to Muscovy ducklings at 2, 4, and 6 day post infection (dpi), the infected Pekin group had lower lipase levels (P≥0.05, p&lt;0.05, and p&lt;0.05, respectively), while ALT was higher at 4 and 6 dpi (P&lt;0.05). The histopathological lesions supported the gross lesions, and their scores were dominant at 2 and 4 dpi in both breeds. At 6 and 8 dpi, Pekin showed more severe histopathological changes compared to Muscovy for the liver, heart, brain, and intestines; the pancreas, kidney, and lung showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, Pekin ducklings displayed distinct DHAV-3 infection results from Muscovy ducklings, and more research utilizing a variety of DHAV-3 strains has to be carried out.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sero-prevalence, associated risk factors and economic impact of camel brucellosis in Elwayye district, southern Ethiopia","authors":"Galma Dabbasa Wario ,&nbsp;Ambachew Motbaynor Wubaye ,&nbsp;Chala Mohammed ,&nbsp;Teshita Edaso Beriso","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Camel brucellosis is a zoonotic and economically important disease that causes low productivity and mortality in animals through abortion and low herd fertility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2023 to estimate the seroprevalence of camel brucellosis, associated risk factors, and economic impact in Elwayye district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 240 blood samples were collected from extensively and traditionally managed dromedary camels. The collected samples were subjected to testing for <em>Brucella</em> antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA for confirmation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The overall seroprevalence of camel brucellosis in the current study by RBPT was 6.2 %, and by combined RBPT and ELISA, it was 3.7 % (95 % CI: 1.94–7.05). Risk factors like herd size, age, management practice, history of abortion, and sex were assessed. Among these, age, herd size, and management practice were identified as potential risk factors significantly associated with <em>Brucella</em> seropositivity in camels. But the other risk factors were not associated with the disease (P &gt; 0.05). In this study, the total estimated economic loss due to camel brucellosis in the study area was 505,727.2 Ethiopian birr (ETB) for all parameters used. The highest economic loss was due to abortion or perinatal mortality of calves (341,325 ETB).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These indicate the need to study camel brucellosis in the study area, and the disease is endemic and prevalent in pastoralist areas, which need well-organized surveillance, disease control, and prevention programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102257"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissemination and characterization of Escherichia coli resistant to extended-cephalosporins in feedlot lambs: A two-year two-population study","authors":"Katia Suemi Gozi ,&nbsp;Caroline Rodrigues da Silva ,&nbsp;Marlon do Valle Barroso ,&nbsp;Jessica Priscila Barboza ,&nbsp;Juliana Regina Peiró ,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Madec ,&nbsp;Marisa Haenni ,&nbsp;Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes ,&nbsp;Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ,&nbsp;Tiago Casella","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in food animals is a One Health concern, but sheep production has been overlooked. This study aimed to explore the dissemination of <em>Escherichia coli</em> resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in feedlot lambs. Two pens were sampled on two occasions, and carcasses and other mammals living around were also tested. <em>E. coli</em> were recovered and antibiotic resistance determined. <em>bla</em>_CTX-M/CMY genes and their genetic localization were characterized. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to confirm clonal relationship. The most prevalent ESC-resistance genes in the 108 <em>E. coli</em> isolates were <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-55 (53.7 %), <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-2 (14.8 %) and <em>bla</em>_CMY-2 (13.9 %). Most <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-55 genes were found on the chromosome, but IncA/C, IncHI1, IncHI2 and IncF plasmids were also identified. Genetic diversity was observed even though ST6448 was by far the most frequent ST. WGS analysis showed high similarity among isolates recovered from feedlot lambs, animals in the surroundings and lambs’ carcasses, proving the clonal and plasmidic dissemination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102258"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from poultry in Noakhali, Bangladesh: Assessing risk of transmission to humans in a pilot study","authors":"Md. Adnan Munim ,&nbsp;Afroza Akter Tanni ,&nbsp;Md Mobarok Hossain ,&nbsp;Kallyan Chakma ,&nbsp;Adnan Mannan ,&nbsp;S.M. Rafiqul Islam ,&nbsp;Jully Gogoi Tiwari ,&nbsp;Shipan Das Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multi-drug resistant (MDR) <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a public health concern due to its presence in Bangladeshi poultry products and its ability to spread resistance genes. This study genetically characterizes a distinct MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolate from the gut of poultry in Noakhali, Bangladesh, offering insights into its resistance mechanisms and public health impact.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> isolates from broiler and layer poultry were identified using biochemical and molecular analyses. Eleven isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity and categorized by their Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) profiles. The isolate with the highest MARI was selected for whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology. The sequencing data were analyzed for genome annotation, pan-genome analysis, genome similarities, sequence type identification, and the identification of genetic determinants of resistance and virulence genes.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>We identified 10 MARI profiles among 11 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> isolates, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. The highest MARI of 0.94 was found in an isolate from a layer poultry. This isolate's genome, 5401,789 base pairs long with 89.6 % coverage, showed potential inter-species dissemination, as indicated by core genome phylogenetic analysis. It possessed genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, folate pathway antagonists, fosfomycin, macrolides, quinolones, rifamycin, tetracyclines, and polymyxins, including colistin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Poultry serve as reservoirs for MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, which can spread to other species and pose significant health risks. Rigorous monitoring of antibiotic use and genetic characterization of MDR bacterial isolates are essential to mitigate this threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia spp. in snakes from China","authors":"Lingru He ,&nbsp;Yilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhouchun Li ,&nbsp;Guodong Xiao ,&nbsp;Lijie Tian ,&nbsp;Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi ,&nbsp;Qingxun Zhang ,&nbsp;Congshan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia intestinalis</em> is a major diarrhea-causing parasite that colonizes the proximal small intestine of humans and various other mammalian species, including pets and livestock. Despite its global occurrence, there is limited information about the epidemiology of <em>Giardia</em> in reptiles, particularly snakes. The aim of this study was to amplify the <em>beta-giardin</em> (<em>bg</em>) gene of <em>Giardia</em> by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by a comparative evolutionary tree analysis to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of <em>Giardia</em> in snakes. We collected 603 asymptomatic samples from 26 provinces in China, representing species such as <em>Pantherophis guttatus</em>, <em>Pantherophis obsoletus</em>, <em>Pituophis melanoleucus</em>, <em>Thamnophis sirtalis</em>, <em>Lampropeltis getula</em>, and <em>Heterodon nasicus</em>. Ultimately, a occurrence of <em>Giardia</em> infection of 4.15 % was detected in these snakes, with corn snakes (<em>Pantherophis guttatus</em>) having a significantly higher occurrence than other species. Molecular analysis identified assemblage F as the predominant genotype, and also identified an assemblage B that can infect humans and a variety of mammals. The results of this study illustrate the potential risk of transmission of <em>Giardia</em> from snakes to humans, especially in environments where close contact occurs. The present epidemiological study examines epidemiological investigations of <em>Giardia</em> in reptiles, provides data to understand the zoonotic risk of <em>Giardia</em>, and emphasizes the need for targeted surveillance, stringent hygiene measures, and public awareness campaigns to reduce these risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection of Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Bartonella spp. in dogs treated at a veterinary teaching clinic in Peru","authors":"Alejandra Cornejo ,&nbsp;Roberto Davila ,&nbsp;Luis A. Gomez-Puerta","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, vector-borne diseases have become widespread throughout the world and affect the health of humans and domestic animals. These diseases spread to areas where their primary vectors, fleas and ticks, thrive, particularly in tropical and subtropical climate regions, providing ideal conditions for their proliferation. The growing closeness between people and their pets increases the likelihood of bites from these ectoparasites, which represents a latent zoonotic risk. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the presence of <em>Anaplasma</em> spp., <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp., and <em>Bartonella</em> spp. in dogs treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples from 214 dogs were molecularly analyzed for hemopathogen detection. The results revealed prevalences of 2.6 % (6/214) for <em>Anaplasma platys</em>, 5.14 % (11/214) for <em>Ehrlichia canis</em>, and 0.46 % (1/214) for <em>Bartonella rochalimae</em>. No statistically significant relationship was found between the animal infection and the age, sex, breed, presence of fleas (<em>Ctenocephalides felis</em>) and ticks (<em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em>), and locality. This study reported molecularly for the first time the presence of <em>A. platys</em>, <em>E. canis</em>, and <em>B. rochalimae</em> in dogs from Lima city, and demonstrates the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in pets treated at the veterinary clinic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bocavirus in wild rodents in urban areas of Guangzhou, Southern China","authors":"Xin-Yan Yao ,&nbsp;Chao-Xiang Jia ,&nbsp;Chang-Le Li ,&nbsp;He-Ping Li ,&nbsp;Kai Zhong ,&nbsp;Jian-Wei Shao ,&nbsp;Yue-Ying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the genus <em>Bocaparvovirus</em> have a significant impact on human health and can infect a wide range of hosts, increasing the likelihood of crossing species barriers. Among the various mammalian hosts, rodents are widely recognized as important reservoirs for emerging and zoonotic viruses. However, despite recent reports of bocavirus infections in rodents, our current understanding of rat bocavirus (RBoV) genetic diversity and evolution is limited. In this study, rodent samples were collected from the urban areas of Guangzhou city, Southern China, to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of RBoV. Through PCR-based screening of 296 rodent spleens, 54 samples were determined to be positive for RBoV infection, and 12 nearly complete genome sequences of RBoV were recovered. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages and sub-lineages of RBoV, and six recombination events with strong statistical support were identified, with five of these events involving sequences obtained from this study. These results highlight the genetic diversity of RBoV circulating in rodents in Guangzhou city and emphasize the importance of extensive surveillance to gain a better understanding of RBoV epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, and potential for cross-species transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leading report regarding the molecular epidemiology of Taenia hydatigena from Pakistan and global overview of the genetic diversity and population structure of the parasite","authors":"Naunain Mehmood ,&nbsp;Hira Muqaddas ,&nbsp;Aqsa Ashraf ,&nbsp;Mahnoor Aslam ,&nbsp;Maryam Khan ,&nbsp;Madiha Fatima ,&nbsp;Rahman Qadir ,&nbsp;Samir Ibenmoussa ,&nbsp;Turki M. Dawoud ,&nbsp;Muhammad Irfan Ullah ,&nbsp;Furhan Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cysticercosis, caused by larval stage of <em>Taenia</em> (T<em>.</em>) <em>hydatigena</em> is a disease of veterinary concern which causes major economic losses in livestock sector globally. Although livestock is the most productive part of Pakistan’s economy, the epidemiological prevalence and genetic diversity of <em>T. hydatigena</em> has not been studied in great detail. Current study was undertaken for the estimation of the prevalence and genetic diversity of <em>T. hydatigena</em> among the goats and sheep of Multan in South Punjab, Pakistan. A PCR protocol targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<em>cox1</em>) gene of <em>T. hydatigena</em> revealed an overall prevalence of 31.33 % among the small ruminants with higher prevalence in females (40.86 %) and older age group of &gt;3-≤5 years (40.74 %). A total of 30 isolates were sequenced for partial mitochondrial <em>cox1</em> gene which yielded 12 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.798 ± 0.68 and nucleotide diversity of 0.0046 ± 0.00183. A star like configuration was demonstrated in the haplotype network with a centrally positioned haplotype. Neutrality indices like Tajima’s <em>D</em> and Fu’s Fs were also biased towards negativity, a characteristic which suggests an expanding parasitic population. Moreover, the genetic diversity of <em>T. hydatigena</em> was also computed for the partial <em>cox1</em> gene sequences available on GenBank, NCBI. A total of 415 sequences were retrieved out of which 142 haplotypes were identified having a haplotype diversity of 0.9150 ± 0.012 coupled with a nucleotide diversity of 0.00830 ± 0.00043. The haplotype profile of <em>T. hydatigena</em> population displayed an absence of a central haplotype, however, considerable genetic variation was ascertained. All the populations except Africa had a high haplotype diversity (&gt;0.9), however, high Fst values were observed for a few populations which elucidated limited gene flow among the populations of Central/East Asia, Middle East, Europe and South Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Hyalomma scupense and its vector-borne pathogen Theileria annulata in Ksar El Boukhari (Medea, Algeria)","authors":"Naila Aouali ,&nbsp;Asmaa Sekkai ,&nbsp;Thinhinane Djouaher ,&nbsp;Zahra Messaoudi ,&nbsp;Hocine Ziam ,&nbsp;Amina Boutellis ,&nbsp;Tahar Kernif","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzed the molecular and phylogenetic profiles of <em>Theileria annulata</em>, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in cattle, and its tick vector <em>Hyalomma scupense</em> in Algeria. Forty <em>H. scupense</em> ticks were collected in Medea, with 5 testing positive for <em>Theileria</em> spp. based on partial <em>COXIII</em> gene sequences. Positive ticks were further analyzed using <em>COX1</em> and <em>12S rRNA</em> genes. Two novel <em>H. scupense 12S rRNA</em> haplotypes and one novel <em>COX1</em> haplotype were identified. One <em>T. annulata</em> haplotype previously reported in Algerian cattle was detected. This represents the first molecular characterization of <em>T. annulata</em> from <em>H. scupense</em> ticks in Algeria, providing insights into the genetic diversity of the parasite vector in this region. Overall, the study reveals new haplotypes for both the tick vector and parasite, furthering our understanding of their molecular profiles and phylogenetics in Algeria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 102243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental infection of Clades 2.2.1.2 (H5N1) and 2.3.4.4b (H5N8) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in commercial broilers","authors":"Hesham A. Sultan ,&nbsp;Shaimaa Talaat ,&nbsp;Sameh Abdel-Moez Amer ,&nbsp;Laila Tantawy ,&nbsp;Abd Elfattah I. El-Zanaty ,&nbsp;Ghadeer M. Albadrani ,&nbsp;Muath Q. Al-Ghadi ,&nbsp;Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim ,&nbsp;Wael K. Elfeil","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study the pathogenicity, infectivity, and transmissibility of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.2.1.2 and H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were evaluated in commercial broilers on days 24 and 31. The mortality rate was 100 % in both challenge viruses and in contact birds either on day 24 or day 31 which confirmed the highly pathogenicity of both clades (2.2.1.2/ 2.3.4.4b) in commercial broilers. Both clades (H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b/ H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 viruses) were efficiently replicate within and transmitted between commercial broilers. The H5N8-infected birds shed high titer of viruses from oropharynx and cloaca, which associated with the field spread of AIV-H5N8 in commercial broilers. Mean lesion score in both challenged clades showed similar scores, which confirmed the pathogenicity of both clades in commercial broilers’ organs (mainly spleen, cerebellum, thymus, Bursa, Lung) which confirm the neurogenic affinity of the virus. In the central nervous system, non-suppurative encephalitis consisting in multifocal areas of necrosis in cerebral hemispheres, intense spongiosis, neuronal chromatolysis and gliosis were commonly observed. In cerebrum, chromatolysis of Purkinje neurons was a common finding. In the lung, interstitial pneumonia consisting of moderate to severe increase of the cellularity (macrophages and lymphoid cells) in air capillaries and focal areas of necrosis associated with intense viral replication was commonly observed. In lymphoid tissues, including spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, multifocal areas of necrosis/apoptosis of variable intensity in mononuclear cells were present. Particularly, diffuse necrotic areas were present in the spleen. In the liver, we detected focal areas of necrosis with mild distention of hepatic sinusoids. To conclude the AIV either H5N1 or H5N8 have neurological affinity with immune suppression effect based on necrosis and apoptosis of lymphoid tissues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}