Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Zoonoses and pet owners: A survey on risk perception in Northern Italy","authors":"Joel Filipe ,&nbsp;Stefania Lauzi ,&nbsp;Veronica Marinoni ,&nbsp;Francesco Servida ,&nbsp;Paola Dall’Ara","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Veterinary and human medicine are focused on the issue of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which are especially represented by zoonosis that could be a threat for public health. Zoonotic risk may come from pets: some canine and/or feline viral, bacterial, parasitic, protozoal or mycotic diseases can be transmitted directly to humans. There are several strategies to prevent the transmission of such zoonosis, and among them vaccination plays an important role. Through a survey carried out in Northern Italy aimed to collect information regarding owners’ knowledge and perception of the zoonotic risks associated with three zoonoses (rabies, leptospirosis, and dermatophytosis), it was demonstrated that dog owners tend to adhere more consistently to their pets’ vaccination schedules and are more receptive to changes in vaccination scheduling compared to cat owners. This study also suggests that cat owners predominantly visit veterinarians for vaccination purposes, whereas dog owners seek veterinary services for a variety of reasons. The survey highlighted the ongoing need to enhance owners’ understanding of zoonoses affecting their pets and also the protective role of vaccines. Veterinarians should undertake the responsibility of educating, reassuring, and informing pet owners about the significance of vaccines for their pets and for public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 102224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147957124001012/pdfft?md5=a4b41a439de75eb665a6a28a7713a6bd&pid=1-s2.0-S0147957124001012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141762446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans in Jos North Abattoir, Nigeria: Occurrence, serology, and molecular characterization","authors":"Elmina Abiba Abiayi ,&nbsp;Janet Uchechukwu Itelima ,&nbsp;Festus Chukwuemeka Onwuliri ,&nbsp;Collins Chimezie Udechukwu ,&nbsp;Kelvin Olutimilehin Jolayemi ,&nbsp;Daniel Chibuzo Abiayi ,&nbsp;David Chinedu Abiayi ,&nbsp;Helen Luka Pam ,&nbsp;Daniel Geofrey ThankGod ,&nbsp;Clement Meseko","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, adversely affects animal, human health, and socioeconomic conditions, particularly in developing countries like Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and molecular identification of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp. among abattoir workers, cattle, and rats in Jos North, Plateau State, Nigeria. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 394 samples were collected, including 149 urine samples from abattoir workers, 125 urine samples from cattle bladders, and 120 bladders from trapped rats. Samples were processed and cultured in Ellinghausen McCullough Johnson Harrison (EMJH) medium and examined under a darkfield microscope. Positive cultures were confirmed using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (N-PCR) targeted the 16<!--> <!-->S rDNA gene. Results revealed a prevalence of 33.76% for <em>Leptospira</em> spp. across all samples, with the highest occurrence in abattoir workers (13.96%), followed by rats (13.45%), and cattle (6.35%). The MAT showed <em>L. interrogans</em> serovar Hardjo str. Hardjoprajitno as the most prevalent serotype (41.61%), followed by <em>L. interrogans</em> serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae str. RGA (34.31%). N-PCR confirmed the presence of pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> spp., showing bands of 1200<!--> <!-->bp. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16<!--> <!-->S rDNA gene sequences revealed close similarities to known pathogenic <em>Leptospira</em> strains from Brazil and the USA. The study underscores the significant public health risk posed by leptospirosis in Jos North and highlights the need for improved diagnostic capabilities, increased awareness, and effective control measures to mitigate the disease burden. Enhanced surveillance and preventive strategies are crucial to protect both animal and human health in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 102223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic ultrasonography and antimicrobial resistance of different pathogens associated with canine and feline lower urinary tract disorders","authors":"H.S. Farag ,&nbsp;M.E. Ali ,&nbsp;E.S. Abdel Masseih ,&nbsp;N.M. Bakry","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a significant issue concerning the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria within companion animals. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common problem in veterinary medicine for which empirical antibiotics are utilized. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance of different uropathogens associated with UTIs in canine and feline cases. A total of 146 dogs and 162 cats suffered from lower urinary tract disorders were subjected to ultrasonographic and microbiological examination. Cystitis, urinary sediment, and cystic calculi are the most common ultrasonographic abnormalities associated with bacterial UTIs. Bacterial UTIs were obtained in 36.98 % and 25.92 % of cases in dogs and cats, respectively. A low rate of mixed infection was detected in canine cases (3.7 %). <em>E. coli</em> was the most prevalent pathogen isolated from 46.4 % and 66.7 % of canine and feline isolates, respectively followed by <em>Proteus spp.</em> in canine isolates (16.1 %) and <em>Klebsiella spp.</em> in feline isolates (14.3 %). <em>Staphylococcus spp.</em> was isolated from canine cases only with the detection of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</em> (MRSP) strains at 3.6 %. The majority of the isolated strains were resistant to various antibiotic classes, particularly β-lactams. All gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to amikacin, whereas gram-positive strains exhibited 100 % sensitivity to nitrofurantoin and linezolid. Different bacterial species displayed low resistance to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. Multi-drug resistance was reported in canine and feline strains at 64.3 % and 54.8 %, respectively. These findings prove the crucial necessity to restrict antibiotic consumption depending on urine culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 102216"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping serogroup distribution and seroprevalence of leptospirosis in livestock of Assam, Northeastern State of India: Unveiling uncommon Leptospira serogroups","authors":"K. Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Swathi M ,&nbsp;Prajakta P. Bokade ,&nbsp;Sowjanyakumari S ,&nbsp;Bharath V ,&nbsp;G. Govindaraj ,&nbsp;Divakar Hemadri ,&nbsp;B.R. Shome ,&nbsp;V. Balamurugan","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Leptospirosis is a significant zoonotic disease affecting livestock, leading to reproductive issues and economic losses. Despite its endemic status in India, research has predominantly focused on coastal regions, leaving the North Eastern Region (NER) underexplored. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence and serogroup distribution of leptospirosis in livestock across Assam, a major state in the North Eastern Region (NER) of India. Serum samples (n=811) from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and pigs were collected between 2016 and 2019 and screened using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for 24 serogroups. The overall seroprevalence was 22.9 % (186/811), with highest prevalence in cattle (26.2 %) and buffalo (25 %), followed by small ruminants (19.8 %) and pigs (18.6 %) . Notably, uncommon serovars such as Mini (28.8 %), Manhao (12.4 %), and Cynopteri (7.5 %) were identified, indicating a unique epidemiological pattern in Assam. High seroprevalence was observed in districts like Bongaigaon (66.7 %), Kamrup Metropolitan (50.0 %), and Nalbari (40.0 %), emphasizing the need for targeted intervention strategies. The presence of these uncommon serogroups, typically found in neighbouring countries and other regions, suggests potential transboundary transmission from these countries. This study provides valuable insights into the seroprevalence and serogroup distribution of leptospirosis in Assam's livestock, highlighting the need for region-specific surveillance and control measures. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the local epidemiological landscape to develop effective disease management and prevention strategies, ultimately reducing the impact of leptospirosis in the NER of India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression profiles of miRNAs in the lung tissue of piglets infected with Glaesserella parasuis and the roles of ssc-miR-135 and ssc-miR-155–3p in the regulation of inflammation","authors":"Jingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Yan ,&nbsp;Yongchao Jia ,&nbsp;Zhongbo Guo ,&nbsp;Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Ronglan Yin ,&nbsp;Linxi Wang ,&nbsp;Zenglei Fan ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Yuan ,&nbsp;Ronghuan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important regulatory role in the process of pathogenic infection. However, the miRNAs that regulate the pathogenic process of <em>G. parasuis</em> and their functions are still unknown. Here, high-throughput sequencing was used to quantify the expression of miRNA in piglet lung tissue after <em>G. parasuis</em> XX0306 strain infection. A total of 25 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that many of the functions of genes that may be regulated by DEmiRNA are related to inflammatory response and immune regulation. Further studies found that ssc-miR-135 may promote the expression of inflammatory factors through NF-κB signaling pathway. Whereas, ssc-miR-155–3p inhibited the inflammatory response induced by <em>G. parasuis</em>, and its regulatory mechanism remains to be further investigated. This study provides a valuable reference for revealing the regulatory effects of miRNAs on the pathogenesis of <em>G. parasuis</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Data Availability</h3><p>The datasets generated during the current study are not publicly available due to this study is currently in the ongoing research stage, and some of the data cannot be made public sooner yet, but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141604419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus strains with promising applications as feed additives for broiler chickens","authors":"Manel Sebouai ,&nbsp;Samia Hamma-Faradji ,&nbsp;Abdelmalek Rezgui ,&nbsp;Widad Sobhi ,&nbsp;Hadj Ahmed Belaouni ,&nbsp;Riadh Ben Salah ,&nbsp;Ali Aksas ,&nbsp;Farida Bendali","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), particularly Lactobacilli strains, represent a widely studied and promising group of probiotics with numerous potential health benefits. In this study, we isolated LAB strains from fecal samples of healthy broiler chickens and characterized their probiotic properties. Out of 62 initial isolates, five strains were selected for further investigations based on their antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. These selected strains were identified as <em>Lactiplantibacillus</em> species. They exhibited desirable probiotic traits, including non-hemolyis, non-cytotoxicity, lack of antibiotic resistance, acid tolerance, auto-aggregation, and antioxidative potential. Encapsulation of these strains in alginate beads enhanced their survival compared to free cells, in stomach (69–87 % <em>vs</em>. 34–47 %) and intestinal (72–100 % <em>vs.</em> 27–51 %) juices, after 120 min exposure. These findings suggest that encapsulated <em>Lactiplantibacillus</em> strains could be used as feed additives for broiler chickens. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to set on their probiotic potential <em>in vivo</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102213"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular phylodiagnosis of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus among canids in Guilan province, northern Iran","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Feiz- Haddad ,&nbsp;Mohammad–Ali Moradkhani","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Canine-transmitted worms and an uncontrolled deworming program of stray dogs have caused that accurate diagnosis of zoonotic parasites received notable attention in endemic regions. This study aimed to assess the presence of <em>E. multilocularis</em> and <em>E. granulosus</em> infections in canids from Guilan province, northern Iran. A total of 272 fecal samples from carnivores were collected across 24 different regions in Guilan province between 2023 and 2024. All fecal specimens were observed following concentration and flotation techniques. DNAs of taeniid eggs were extracted, amplified, and sequenced targeting of specific mitochondrial <em>Cox1</em> gene for <em>E. granulosus</em> and <em>NAD 1</em> gene for <em>E. multilocularis</em>. On the base of molecular and phylogenetic analysis 1.47 % (in jackal) and 25 % (in dogs and jackal) of samples were positive for <em>E. multilocularis</em> and <em>E. granulosus</em> sensu strico G1 genotype, respectively. Molecular technique was found to be more sensitive in detecting infection in comparison with conventional techniques. Sequence analysis of <em>Cox1</em> indicated a high genetic diversity (Haplotype diversity; 0.933; Number of haplotypes, h: 7) in <em>E. granulosus</em> G1. Current findings show that canids particularly jackals play potential role of definitive host in maintenance and transmission dynamic of <em>E. multilocularis</em> and <em>E. granulosus</em> in northern Iran. The presence of these infections is of particular concern in Guilan province due to the high influx of tourists, increasing the risk of transmission to humans. Therefore, the implementation of preventive programs is warranted to apply hygienic practices and adjusting deworming programs for the canids and at-risk individuals in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102210"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross sectional study on molecular prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in household rat population of South India","authors":"S. Purushothaman ,&nbsp;P. Azhahianambi ,&nbsp;M. Dharman ,&nbsp;R. Gokula Kannan ,&nbsp;K.G. Tirumurugaan ,&nbsp;C. Soundararajan ,&nbsp;R.P. Aravindh Babu ,&nbsp;Panneer Devaraju ,&nbsp;John A.J. Prakash","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to assess the molecular prevalence of mite-borne zoonotic pathogen <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> in household rats of South India through nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> 47-kDa <em>htrA</em> gene and to determine the most suitable sample type for screening of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> in rats<em>.</em> Out of 85 rats trapped in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Puducherry regions, 47 rats were found positive for the <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> genome with prevalence of 55.29 %. Among different sample types screened, faecal samples exhibited the highest positivity rate, followed by liver, spleen, kidney, and blood samples. Agreement between faecal and spleen samples of rats for the presence of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> was the highest. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between the spleen, liver, and faeces and a negative correlation between blood and faeces for the presence of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> genome. These findings underscore the varied distribution of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> among different samples and indicate that the faecal and liver samples of rats are an ideal choice of samples for epidemiological studies. This is the first study to report a high level of presence of <em>O. tsutsugamushi</em> in faecal samples of rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102212"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral pathogens in domestic cats in southern Italy: A retrospective analysis in Sicily, 2020–2022","authors":"Francesco Mira ,&nbsp;Giorgia Schirò ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Giudice ,&nbsp;Giuseppa Purpari ,&nbsp;Francesco Origgi ,&nbsp;Domenico Vicari ,&nbsp;Simona Di Pietro ,&nbsp;Francesco Antoci ,&nbsp;Francesca Gucciardi ,&nbsp;Francesco Geraci ,&nbsp;Virginia Talarico ,&nbsp;Annalisa Guercio","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A retrospective study was carried out on selected feline viral pathogens detected in domestic cat in Sicily, southern Italy. Samples from 64 cats, collected from 2020 to 2022, were analysed for the presence of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), feline coronavirus (FCoV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus type 1, norovirus (NoV), and rotavirus (RoV). Single (45 %) or mixed (38 %) viral infections were detected. FPV, related with other Italian FPV strains, remains the main viral cause of infection (66 %). CPV-2c Asian lineage strains (3 %) were detected for the first time in domestic cats in Europe. FCoV (29.6 %), either enteric or systemic, and systemic FCV (18.7 %) infections were detected in positive cats. Less commonly reported viruses (GIV.2/GVI.2 NoVs, RoV), potentially related to the animal/human interface, were detected at lower rates as well (5 %). The present epidemiological data suggest the need to improve disease prevention, immunization, and biosecurity strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks in Algerian avian livestock production","authors":"Naouel Ammali ,&nbsp;Radhouane Kara ,&nbsp;Djamel Guetarni ,&nbsp;Yahia Chebloune","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Avian <em>Alpha-influenza-virus</em> (AIV) massively affects poultry, targeting mainly the respiratory tract for virus replication. Recently, two major H5N8 and H5N1 outbreaks caused tremendous losses in Algerian poultry. The clinical symptoms that had not been seen in the past didn’t prompt a rapid reaction to control the epidemics. We report here the characteristics of these outbreaks and the epidemiological status of AIV in Algeria. Following autopsy observation samples from target organs were taken and analyzed by the classical real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR). Specific PCR HA and NA identification was used for subtyping H5 and N1/N8 genes. Systemic damage was observed in the upper-respiratory tracts with hemorrhagic and congestive tracheas, lungs, proventriculus, gut, and cecal tonsils were bloody. Out of 77 positive cases 13 were H5N8, 8 H5N1, and 10 H5Nx strains. These findings raise questions about the strain’s pathotype considering severe organ damage and high mortality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"111 ","pages":"Article 102202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}