Coastal Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Numerical study of orientation effects on hydrodynamics and loading in an array of structures under solitary wave impact","authors":"Seyedalireza Mirghafouri,&nbsp;Ali Farhadzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the impact of structure orientation on solitary wave-induced local hydrodynamics and loading in an array of structures, combining laboratory experiments and high-fidelity numerical simulations. Due to the complexity of the hydrodynamic processes involved, a comparative analysis of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) <em>k</em>-<em>ω</em> SST and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) turbulence models’ performance was conducted using flume experiment data to identify the most suitable model. The LES model was chosen due to its superior capability to accurately capture high-frequency flow dynamics and resolve a broader spectrum of vortices. LES simulations were then performed on structure arrays arranged in two rows and three columns within a flat-bottom numerical flume. Structures were oriented at angles of 0°, 10°, 25°, 35°, and 45° clockwise relative to the incident wave direction, where orientation refers to the angle between the principal axis of an individual structure, centered around its cross-sectional centroid, and the direction of wave propagation. The results demonstrated significant effects of orientation on local hydrodynamics, including wave run-up, flow channelization, and vortex patterns. Symmetric orientations (0° and 45°) generated more uniform flow patterns, while asymmetric orientations (e.g., 25°) induced complex, irregular hydrodynamics. The 45° orientation yielded the highest normalized surface velocity due to greater flow blockage. Vortex dynamics varied significantly with orientation, with certain configurations enhancing mixing and energy dissipation within the structure arrays. The pressure and force analysis revealed distinct shielding effects of front-row structures for those in the back row across orientations. Seaside walls experienced the highest forces, while sidewall forces increased with orientation angle as they became more exposed to the wave. Conversely, forces on the opposing sidewall decreased with greater angles as they became more sheltered. The maximum net force increases with orientation, reaching 49 % higher in the front row and 18 % in the back row at 45° angle. Back-row structures consistently experience greater net forces primarily due to leeside pressure reduction from channelized flow and resulting wake vortices. This study underscores the critical role of structure orientation in coastal design and highlights the potential for optimizing array configurations to withstand diverse wave loading scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104744"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-resolved analysis of velocity field structure and vorticity dynamics under colinear swell and wind-waves","authors":"Fabio Addona ,&nbsp;Maria Clavero ,&nbsp;Luca Chiapponi ,&nbsp;Sandro Longo","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study is to analyze the turbulence field generated by the interaction between mechanical waves and colinear wind-waves in the liquid domain just below the free surface. Detailed three-dimensional velocity measurements close to the surface are decomposed into mean, swell, wind-waves, and turbulence contributions. In this work, we treat wind-waves as macroscale turbulence with a pseudo-random velocity field. Advanced data analysis yields phase-resolved and vertical examinations of wind-waves and turbulence stresses, kinetic energy, and vorticity. The results indicate that near the surface, the spanwise energy dominates both the wind-wave and the turbulence kinetic energy. The wind-waves and turbulence stress tensors exhibit a large anisotropy when swell waves are present, as a consequence of the interaction between swell and wind-waves. Furthermore, we present the spatio-temporal distribution of vorticity, and we elucidate the non-trivial interaction between vorticity and the flow field. This interaction results in body forces that contribute to the local variation in inertia, as described by the Navier–Stokes equation. It is observed that in all combinations, a body force acts, on average, downward, modifying the gradient pressure in the vertical direction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143580198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RoadRAT – A new framework to assess the probability of inundation, wave runup, and erosion impacting coastal roads","authors":"Caroline Hallin ,&nbsp;Anna Adell ,&nbsp;Björn Almström ,&nbsp;Aart Kroon ,&nbsp;Magnus Larson","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a new framework – RoadRAT - to calculate the probability of inundation, wave runup, and storm erosion impacting coastal roads. Extreme value analysis is applied to annual maxima of observed and simulated still water level levels (SWL), total water levels (SWL + runup), and storm erosion volumes. The probability of impact on the road is derived both for the present conditions and for future conditions considering long-term evolution of the coastline in response to sea level rise and projected continuation of historical trends. RoadRAT is intended for screening at a regional scale (&gt;100 km) to identify vulnerable road segments that need further attention. A case study was conducted on the south coast of Sweden to demonstrate the framework. The results indicate that the main coastal road has a low probability of impact under present conditions, but that it will increase in the future under changing climatic conditions. In 2150, which is the target year for the analysis, several kilometres of the road will be lost to erosion, and flooding and runup will frequently impact parts of the remaining road. In future applications, RoadRAT could be coupled with models that describe the consequences of inundation, wave runup, and storm erosion for road serviceability and transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submerged and emerged rigid vegetation impact on bedforms and sediment suspension under wave action","authors":"K. Ions ,&nbsp;X. Wang ,&nbsp;D.E. Reeve ,&nbsp;N. Mori ,&nbsp;H. Karunarathna","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of experiments were carried out in a laboratory wave flume to investigate the impact of coastal rigid vegetation on suspended sediment transport and the generation of bedforms for a range of wave conditions for both submerged and emerged vegetations. Rigid arrays of cylindrical wooden dowels were used as vegetation mimics on a sandy bed. Two vegetation densities were selected, representing dense and sparse vegetation meadows. Synchronised flow velocity and suspended sediment concentration measurements were performed using particle image velocimetry and an acoustic backscatter sensor. Seabed ripples were observed in all cases where the near-bed velocity exceeded the threshold of sediment motion. The near-bed velocity governed sediment suspension on both bare and vegetated sediment seabeds. Near-bed sediment concentration on densely vegetated seabeds was lower than that of bare seabeds under the same wave conditions. These observations highlight the importance of considering the role of vegetation in shaping seabed morphology and the resultant suspended sediment concentrations. Then, the near-bed sediment concentration formulae used on bare sediment beds are validated for use on vegetated seabeds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wavefront shift method for bay beaches","authors":"Mariano Buccino,&nbsp;Sara Tuozzo,&nbsp;Mario Calabrese","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bay beaches, sheltered by one or more headlands, are predominant physiographic features along oceanic and sea coasts. Their distinctive planform is created through wave sheltering caused by diffraction, along with refraction wherever the indentation of the bay is large. The asymptotic scenario entailing no littoral drift along the bay is known as “static equilibrium”, and the shoreline contour associated with this long-term stable state is denoted as the Static Equilibrium Planform (SEP). SEP prediction is a crucial concept for engineering applications, as it serves to either check for the status of existing beaches or address erosion issues via headland control. The practical impact of this topic is reflected in the remarkable body of available literature. This article discusses a new SEP predictor, which focuses on wave diffraction as the primary driver shaping the bay. The approach, denoted as the Wavefront Shift Method (WSM), involves translating the diffracted wavefronts along the crestline of the incident waves. Diffracted wavefronts are obtained numerically by propagating regular waves with a Boussinesq model. Unlike other predictors, e.g. the parabolic equation, WSM does not rely on a mathematical formula established a priori; moreover, it features a clear connection to the physics of beach evolution. In 2021 the authors first introduced WSM for single-headland bays as an empirical result from their numerical investigation. This paper provides the method with a theoretical framework and extends it to include bays sheltered by two headlands. This extension is achieved by exploiting the Fraunhofer theory for the diffraction of light. The comparison with 20 natural bays along the Mediterranean coast indicates that WSM is a well-performing, easy-to-use approach with the potential to reduce, in some situations, the degree of subjectivism and complexity of the existing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing modular, artificial reefs for both coastal defense and coral restoration","authors":"Benjamin K. Norris ,&nbsp;Borja G. Reguero ,&nbsp;Joseph Bartolai ,&nbsp;Michael A. Yukish ,&nbsp;Landolf Rhode-Barbarigos ,&nbsp;Brian K. Haus ,&nbsp;Gabriel Barajas Ojeda ,&nbsp;Maria Maza ,&nbsp;Javier L. Lara ,&nbsp;Michael W. Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal flooding and erosion are growing issues for coastal communities as their severity continues to worsen with climate change. As a result, there is increasing interest in the use of nature-based engineering as a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for protecting many coastlines globally. Among these approaches, reef engineering aims to integrate both the physical and biological aspects of reef communities to attenuate incident wave energy while still maintaining ecological values. However, few examples currently exist on reef engineering for coastal defense due to the multidisciplinary challenge of constraining physical and biological interactions with artificial reefs. Here, we present the first design iteration of a novel artificial hybrid reef system that intends to provide both coastal defense benefits as well as refugia for corals to enable their future growth. To balance these performance objectives, the pyramidal low-crested reef designs developed here combine two hexagonal sub-units: SEAHIVE® and lattice with tunable porosity. The hydrodynamic performance of these sub-units was tested using a numerical wave tank (NWT), based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling suite OpenFOAM, to determine the best configuration of the sub-units for a given set of wave conditions, both as single reefs and as a three-row reef system. The goal was to produce a small subset of reef designs to be tested in a wave flume facility to support model calibration and future design iteration. The reef designs explored herein offer wave energy reduction values greater than 70%, consistent with natural coral reefs as well as other conventional submerged breakwater designs. Further, the highly porous sub-units provide further tunability of hydrodynamic performance when compared with traditional low-crested breakwaters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying compound coastal flooding effects in urban regions using a tightly coupled 1D–2D model explicitly resolving flood defense infrastructure","authors":"Boxiang Tang ,&nbsp;Kees Nederhoff ,&nbsp;T.W. Gallien","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-lying coastal areas are highly vulnerable to flooding hazards. High marine water levels may overflow seawalls, render the storm drain system inoperable, and promote pluvial and wave overtopping flooding. Complex interactions between various coastal flooding drivers (marine water levels, precipitation, waves) and urban infrastructure (i.e., the stormwater system, and seawalls) are characterized using a novel, tightly coupled hydrodynamic model. Flood extent field observations of tidal overflow, pluvial flooding, and overtopping flooding, along with storm drain system pressure sensor data are used to evaluate hydrodynamic model performance. High marine water levels, precipitation, and overtopping events are modeled and compared with validation data. Results suggest the hydrodynamic model explicitly resolving both 1D storm drain pipe flow and 2D overland flooding more accurately simulates compound flooding compared to typical 2D overland flow models. Nonlinear compound effects were resolved by comparing combined univariate flood impact to corresponding compound flood impact modeled within a tightly coupled 1D2D infrastructure-resolving model. Projected flood extents were <span><math><mo>∼</mo></math></span>50% greater when compound interactions were resolved. Compound effects vary with event type, event magnitude, and site characteristics. Critically, coastal adaptation strategies protecting against high embayment water levels such as elevating seawalls may exacerbate compound flooding effects in low-lying communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating five shoreline change models against 40 years of field survey data at an embayed sandy beach","authors":"Oxana Repina ,&nbsp;Rafael C. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Giovanni Coco ,&nbsp;José A.Á. Antolínez ,&nbsp;Iñaki de Santiago ,&nbsp;Mitchell D. Harley ,&nbsp;Camilo Jaramillo ,&nbsp;Kristen D. Splinter ,&nbsp;Sean Vitousek ,&nbsp;Colin D. Woodroffe","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Robust and reliable models are needed to understand how coastlines will evolve over the coming decades, driven by both natural variability and climate change. This study evaluated how accurately five popular ‘reduced-complexity’ models replicate multi-decadal shoreline change at Narrabeen-Collaroy Beach, a sandy embayment in Sydney, Australia. Measured shoreline positions derived from approximately monthly field surveys were used for 20-year calibration and 20-year validation periods. The models performed similarly on average but with large variability between transects. The set-up of several models was modified to compensate for their sensitivity to imperfect input wave data, and further site-specific improvements were identified. Capturing interannual to decadal-scale variability in cross-shore and longshore dynamics at this site was challenging for all five models. Models appeared to aggregate key processes at this timescale into parameter values rather than representing them directly. This suggests time-varying parameters or changes to model structure may be necessary for decadal-scale simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal and vertical evolution of wave-induced turbulence within vegetation","authors":"Yunshuo Cheng ,&nbsp;Zhong Peng ,&nbsp;Yuan Xu ,&nbsp;Ying Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing He","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt marsh vegetation provides essential morphodynamic and ecological benefits in coastal environments, yet the dynamics of wave-induced turbulence within vegetation remain poorly understood. Laboratory experiments are carried out to reveal the longitudinal and vertical evolution of wave-induced turbulence within vegetation for both non-breaking and breaking waves. Data from non-breaking intermediate waves highlights a nonlinear behavior of the longitudinal turbulent intensity across the vegetation, especially with high stem densities. A modified model is developed to account for the competition between increased turbulence scaling and reduced local wave orbital velocity at the leading edge of vegetation. For breaking waves, bubble clouds in video records and measured turbulence intensity together quantify vegetation's crucial role in buffering the vertical evolution of wave-induced turbulence and consequently reducing near-bed turbulence. Findings are crucial for understanding vegetation's role in shaping coastal morphodynamics and maintaining ecosystem health, with broad implications for coastal management and restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of waves in large-scale coastal compound flooding: A case study of Hurricane Florence (2018)","authors":"Tim W.B. Leijnse ,&nbsp;Ap van Dongeren ,&nbsp;Maarten van Ormondt ,&nbsp;Roel de Goede ,&nbsp;Jeroen C.J.H. Aerts","doi":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coastaleng.2025.104726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wave-driven flooding is often neglected or included in an approximate way in large-scale flood hazard assessments and early warning systems, despite its significant contribution to coastal flood hazards. This study introduces a method to incorporate incident and infragravity wave processes into a fast compound flood model by extending the SFINCS software with the SnapWave stationary wave energy solver. This extension efficiently translates offshore incident and infragravity wave conditions to the nearshore, allowing for the estimation of incident-wave-induced setup and the resolution of wave runup and overtopping. A quadtree approach is employed to optimize the grid resolution for wave processes in the coastal zone.</div><div>The approach is validated for Hurricane Florence (2018) along the North and South Carolina coastline of the United States, where observed offshore wave heights reached 10 m. The results illustrate that the impact of the hurricane extended hundreds of kilometers beyond the landfall area due to waves, highlighting its importance as coastal flood driver. In 19% of the coastline analyzed, wave contributions surpassed all other flood drivers combined, with waves contributing to an additional flooded area of 226 km² and a flood volume of 62 million m³.</div><div>The study also indicates that simpler parameterized methods for including wave-induced setup can lead to significant discrepancies in modeled water depths. The computational efficiency of the extended SFINCS model allows for the simulation of 1,000 km of coastline with limited computational resources. Hereby the critical role of wave effects in coastal compound flood hazard assessments could be demonstrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50996,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Engineering","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 104726"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}