Clinical Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of varus thrust using inertial measurement units","authors":"Millissia A. Murro ,&nbsp;Julien A. Mihy,&nbsp;Mayumi Wagatsuma,&nbsp;Jocelyn F. Hafer","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Varus thrust is common in those with knee osteoarthritis. Varus thrust is traditionally identified with visual analysis or motion capture, methods that are either dichotomous or limited to the laboratory setting. Inertial measurement unit data has been found to correlate with motion capture measures of varus thrust in those with severe knee osteoarthritis, allowing for a quantitative and accessible way of measuring varus thrust. However, such measures have not been examined across a wider range of cartilage health. The goal of this study was to compare motion capture and inertial measurement unit estimates of varus thrust in adults who were asymptomatic or who had knee osteoarthritis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with (<em>n</em> = 17) and without (<em>n</em> = 10) knee osteoarthritis walked over-ground while motion capture and inertial measurement unit data were collected. We tested the correlations between motion capture variables (peak external knee adduction moment and knee adduction angular velocity during the first half of stance) and inertial measurement unit variables (peak frontal axis shank, thigh, and knee angular velocity during the first half of stance).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>No significant relationships were found between the inertial measurement unit and motion capture variables. Between-study differences in cohorts or sensor-to-segment alignment methods may explain the conflicting findings.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our findings suggest that assessing varus thrust across the spectrum of knee health (including those with and without knee osteoarthritis) may not be feasible using these inertial measurement unit measures. We should explore additional inertial measurement unit measures to enable accurate detection or monitoring of individuals with knee osteoarthritis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetries of the vertical ground reaction force, contact time and area, and center of pressure during gait in female patients 3 weeks post-total hip arthroplasty","authors":"Namika Miura,&nbsp;Kensaku Masuhara,&nbsp;Keiichi Tagomori,&nbsp;Hisashi Ikutomo,&nbsp;Kenichi Okamura,&nbsp;Takato Okuno,&nbsp;Nanase Sakaguchi,&nbsp;Norikazu Nakagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Few studies have assessed vertical ground reaction force, contact time, contact area, and center of pressure during gait in the early phase post-total hip arthroplasty. This study aimed to investigate whether these parameters are more pronounced in participants post-total hip arthroplasty compared to healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included 22 female participants who underwent total hip arthroplasty (age, 68.9 ± 7.2 years; body mass index, 22.9 ± 2.6 kg/m²) and 11 healthy female controls (age, 50.3 ± 7.8 years; body mass index, 19.4 ± 1.7 kg/m²) as controls. Vertical ground reaction force, contact time, contact area, and center of pressure during gait were measured using a force plate. Comparisons between the affected, unaffected, and control legs were conducted using one-way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test, with additional comparisons using independent <em>t</em>-tests or the Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> test.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The first peak force was lower, the time to the first peak force and heel contact time were longer, and the contact area at the second peak force was significantly larger in the affected leg than in the unaffected leg or the right leg of the controls. These parameters were significantly more asymmetrical in the total hip arthroplasty cohort compared to the controls, with significant differences in the starting position and center of pressure length.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The loading timing, magnitude, and form of plantar contact during gait were more asymmetrical in the total hip arthroplasty cohort than in healthy females. Early-phase rehabilitation post-total hip arthroplasty should address these asymmetries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation of functional gait parameters to a newly provided stiffness-optimized ankle-foot orthosis","authors":"Elza van Duijnhoven ,&nbsp;Katinka van der Kooij ,&nbsp;Esther Vlot ,&nbsp;Merel-Anne Brehm ,&nbsp;Niels F.J. Waterval","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106428","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical decisions regarding ankle-foot-orthosis stiffness in people with calf muscle weakness are based on immediate evaluations, not taking gait adaptation into account. This study examined adaptation of step length, walking speed and energy cost of walking in the 3-months post-provision and whether individuals with higher gait variability adapt more compared to individuals with lower gait variability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a post-hoc analysis in eighteen stiffness-optimized ankle-foot-orthosis users with bilateral calf muscle weakness. Gait biomechanics, step length, walking speed and walking energy cost directly after provision (T1) and 3-months post-provision of the ankle-foot-orthosis (T2) were compared using paired sampled <em>t</em>-tests. Based on gait variability scores at T1, a high and low gait variability group was determined, and change scores in the functional gait parameters were compared using non-parametric independent sampled <em>t</em>-tests. A significance level of p ˂ 0.1 was used.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>No significant differences in step length, walking speed and energy cost of walking between T1 and T2 were found (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.20). Step length increased more in people with high gait variability scores at T1 compared to those with low gait variability scores (High: +3.1 [−3.2 − +6.9], Low: +0.2 [−6.8 − +3.7] cm<em>, p</em> = 0.085), while no differences between groups were found for walking speed and energy cost of walking (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.129).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>After provision of stiffness-optimized ankle-foot-orthoses in people with bilateral calf muscle weakness, no functional gait adaptations were found. However, people demonstrating high gait variability increased step length more compared to those demonstrating lower variability, which might be an indication that variability plays a role in adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of posterior hip joint impingement about developmental dysplasia of the hip after total hip arthroplasty","authors":"Hideki Shozen ,&nbsp;Takeshi Shoji ,&nbsp;Shinichi Ueki ,&nbsp;Hiroki Kaneta ,&nbsp;Yosuke Kozuma ,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Morita ,&nbsp;Nobuo Adachi","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Total hip arthroplasty is the preferred treatment for advanced hip osteoarthritis, yet complications like hip dislocation (0.2 %–10 %) persist due to factors such as implant design, positioning, surgical technique, and patient-specific conditions. Impingement between prosthetic components or the acetabulum and proximal femur is a primary cause of instability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of 120 patients (130 hips) undergoing total hip arthroplasty at XX Hospital (2011−2023) categorized patients by lateral center-edge angle: developmental dysplasia of the hip, borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip, and normal hip. ct imaging facilitated virtual 3D bone models for motion analysis, excluding cases with prior hip surgery or spinal fusion. Statistical analyses utilized the Mann–Whitney <em>U</em> test and one-way ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The developmental dysplasia of the hip group showed the highest posterior impingement frequency, significantly affecting range of motion in flexion, adduction, and external rotation compared to borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip and normal hip groups. Variations in femoral neck anteversion, lesser trochanter version, and ischiofemoral space were notable. Posterior impingement commonly occurred between the lesser trochanter and ischial tuberosity.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Posterior bony impingement emerged as a predominant factor reducing range of motion and increasing dislocation risk, particularly in developmental dysplasia of the hip patients, challenging the conventional “safe zone” for implant positioning. Personalized surgical strategies tailored to individual bone morphology are crucial for enhancing total hip arthroplasty outcomes and minimizing complications, although limitations include the exclusion of soft tissue influences and focusing solely on range of motion until impingement occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic and kinetic characteristics of individuals with coping lateral ankle sprain during landing and walking/running tasks: A systematic review with meta-analysis","authors":"Hyung Gyu Jeon ,&nbsp;Jiho Kang ,&nbsp;Se Jong Kim ,&nbsp;Jupil Ko ,&nbsp;Kyeongtak Song ,&nbsp;Sae Yong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We aimed to synthesize the kinematics and kinetics during landing and walking/running tasks of ankle copers compared with patients with chronic ankle instability and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Tri-planar lower extremity biomechanics (joint angle and moment at maximum and initial contact, and joint displacement) were synthesized using standard mean difference and 95 % confidence intervals. We assessed methodological quality, study heterogeneity, and publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We identified 13 studies. Pooled evidence indicated that copers had less inversion and eversion angles, and ankle frontal displacement during landing compared with patients with chronic ankle instability (|standard mean difference| 0.31–0.40). Copers revealed greater dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, and ankle sagittal displacement during landing and less plantarflexion moment during walking than patients with chronic ankle instability (|standard mean difference| 0.29–0.46); however, most ankle biomechanics of copers were not significantly different from those of controls. In the proximal joints, copers revealed less knee valgus angle at maximum and initial contact (|standard mean difference| 0.25–0.33); and less hip flexion angle at maximum and initial contact, hip external rotation angle and sagittal and frontal displacement during landing (standard mean difference 0.49–0.73) than patients with chronic ankle instability. Copers had less hip extension moment during walking and greater maximum hip adduction angle during landing than controls (|standard mean difference| 0.66–0.77).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretations</h3><div>Our results provide insight into the lower extremity biomechanics of copers during dynamic tasks, contributing injury coping mechanisms and developing rehabilitation programs to return to sports.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143043273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gait changes induced by a 6-min walking exercise in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1: relationship with muscle strength","authors":"Barthélémy Hoerter ,&nbsp;Yosra Cherni ,&nbsp;Alain Steve Comtois ,&nbsp;Maria Vocos ,&nbsp;Louis-Nicolas Veilleux ,&nbsp;Laurent Ballaz","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an inherited muscular dystrophy characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, and balance deficits, contributing to early fatigue and increased risk of fall during walking. This study investigated gait changes due to continuous walking exercise.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fourteen individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 were included (age 42.0 ± 8.8 years, height 1.63 ± 0.10 m, mass 75.2 ± 22.2 kg). Maximal isometric hip and knee strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. A 3D gait analysis, using a 12-camera optoelectronic system, was performed during a 6-min walking exercise on a quasi-oval track.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A decrease in step length (−3.4 %, <em>P</em> = 0.002), walking speed (−7.1 %, P = 0.002) and cadence (−3.4 %, <em>P</em> = 0.013) was observed following the 6-min walking exercise. Double support time increased (10.0 %, <em>P</em> = 0.032) and maximum base of support width increased (5.7 %, <em>P</em> = 0.023), while center of mass amplitude decreased (−5.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.048). Hip and knee extensor strength positively correlated with step length at the beginning of the 6-min walking exercise (<em>P</em> = 0.010 and <em>P</em> = 0.022 respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study reveals key gait changes during a 6-min walking exercise in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Spatiotemporal changes highlight the importance of targeted interventions to manage muscle weakness and improve mobility in this population. Future studies should examine these changes over longer periods and in various conditions to better understand gait changes during typical daily activities in individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143124065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low back demands from assisting a patient with an unexpected loss of balance","authors":"Jacob J. Banks,&nbsp;Jie Zhou,&nbsp;Chelsea O. Riehle,&nbsp;Neal E. Wiggermann","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>To combat the high incidence of lower back musculoskeletal injuries in healthcare workers, it is important to identify potentially injurious tasks. Although risk of injury has been estimated for many clinical tasks, assisting a patient following an unexpected loss of balance or sudden fall has not been assessed. This study aimed to quantify the lower back forces of healthcare workers when assisting a patient from a standing loss of balance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Peak L5/S1 intervertebral joint forces were estimated from thirteen healthcare workers in a laboratory setting as they assisted a patient from a standing loss of balance to a nearby wheelchair. The patient was a healthy male (64 kg) who simulated a loss of balance by buckling at the knees. An additional condition with 18 % of the patient's body weight unloaded was also tested.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In a minority of trials, lower back demands exceeded ergonomic guidelines of 3400 and 1000 N for compression and shear, respectively. Patient body weight affected both compression and resultant shear forces (<em>p</em>-values &lt; .001).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The lower back demands when assisting a 64-kg patient during a simulated loss of balance did not consistently exceed ergonomic safety guidelines. However, the results imply a high-risk task for heavier patients in simulated settings, or potentially all patients in realistic clinical settings. Several experimental design considerations and limitations may have created a best-case scenario that underestimated the lack of injury risk during the task studied. Use of safe patient handling and mobility equipment is advisable to minimize risk when ambulating patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of foot core exercises and minimalist footwear on foot muscle sizes, foot strength, and biomechanics: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Jean-Louis Peters-Dickie ,&nbsp;Christine Detrembleur ,&nbsp;Marina Guallar-Bouloc ,&nbsp;Marion Rastelli ,&nbsp;Sébastien Lobet ,&nbsp;Benjamin Hidalgo ,&nbsp;Kevin Deschamps","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Specific foot exercises and the use of minimalist shoes during running or daily life were suggested to strengthen the intrinsic foot muscles and to modify locomotion biomechanics. We aimed to review the effectiveness of these interventions to modify foot muscle sizes, foot strength, and biomechanical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and SportDiscus databases were searched (last update: 12 March 2024). Randomized controlled trials with intervention duration of four weeks or more were included. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed when at least two studies were available for an outcome. Standardized mean differences and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals were reported. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by considering risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, and indirectness. The evidence not summarized in the meta-analysis was synthetised.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Twenty-eight trials (1399 participants) were included in the systematic review and seventeen meta-analyses were performed. From meta-analyses, minimalist shoes lead to greater strength of toes 2 to 5 (confidence interval = 0.02 to 0.76), and foot exercises resulted in lower medial longitudinal arch motion during running (confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.82). The certainty of the evidence was low to very low, mainly due to the limited number of available studies and high risk of bias. The systematic synthesis supported exercises and minimalist shoes to increase foot strength, but was conflicting for muscle sizes. The interventions occasionally modified walking and running biomechanical variables.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Foot exercises and minimalist shoes may be appropriate to increase foot strength and to induce biomechanical changes during dynamic tasks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical analysis of step-up and step-down tasks in knee osteoarthritis: Insights from leading and trailing limbs","authors":"Oliver Roberts ,&nbsp;Tsung-Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Phillis Teng ,&nbsp;Jun Liang Lau ,&nbsp;Yong Hao Pua ,&nbsp;Ross A. Clark ,&nbsp;Yi Hu ,&nbsp;Bryan Yijia Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Stair climbing tests are pivotal when assessing physical performance in knee osteoarthritis patients, yet the biomechanical strategies that underpin poor stair climbing ability are heterogeneously reported. Single step tasks emulate a step-by-step gait pattern, an approach associated with knee pain when stair climbing. The objective of this study is to analyse the biomechanics and electromyography activity of both the leading and trailing limbs during single Step-up and Down tasks in knee osteoarthritis patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Three-dimensional motion analysis captured biomechanical data of twenty participants with knee osteoarthritis (<em>n</em> = 20) and twenty four (<em>n</em> = 24) age matched controls completing isolated Step-Up and Step-Down tasks. Data was collected from both the leading and trailing limbs and analysed continuously using One-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (α = 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>During Step-Up, knee osteoarthritis participants demonstrated kinematic (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), kinetic (<em>p</em> = 0.045), and electromyography (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) variance compared to control participants, whilst Step-Down induced elevated external knee adduction moments (<em>p</em> = 0.042). Across both tasks, knee osteoarthritis participants stood with increased lower limb flexion in quiet standing and spent a proportionally elevated time in transitional double stance during Step-Up (<em>p</em> = 0.02).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our study reveals that knee osteoarthritis patients display distinctive biomechanical strategies during single Step-Up and Down tasks, that deviate depending on whether the osteoarthritic knee is leading or trailing. Single-step tasks are a safer and practical alternative to other stair climbing tests. We hope that clinicians can use these findings to guide treatments that promote less effortful step and stair ambulation in knee osteoarthritis patients with advanced disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of gait and architecture of the medial gastrocnemius in developmentally delayed children with different muscle tone: A preliminary pilot study","authors":"Sun-Young Ha ,&nbsp;Yun-Hee Sung","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Muscle tone alteration reduces gait and motor function in children with developmental delays. We aimed to determine differences in gait and structure of the medial gastrocnemius muscle between typically developing children and children with developmental delays with different muscle tone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-nine participants were divided into typically developing children (<em>n</em> = 22), children with spastic hemiplegia (<em>n</em> = 6), children with spastic diplegia (<em>n</em> = 9), and children with central hypotonia (<em>n</em> = 12). A wearable gait analysis system was used to measure spatiotemporal variables and pelvic movement, and ultrasonography was used to measure the pennation angle, thickness, and fascicle length of the medial gastrocnemius.</div></div><div><h3>Finding</h3><div>Children with spastic hemiplegia had significantly smaller total symmetric index and pelvic tilt symmetric index than typically developing children (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.050). Children with spastic diplegia had smaller pennation angle than typically developing children (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.050), and children with central hypotonia had lower velocity than typically developing children (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.050). Children with spastic diplegia had a greater pelvic rotation range than children with central hypotonia (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.050).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study helps to understand gait and muscle structure in central hypotonia and spastic cerebral palsy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"122 ","pages":"Article 106442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}