Clinical Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Mechanoadaptive collagen fiber reorientation in the spinal dura mater under biaxial stretch: Implications for protective mechanisms","authors":"Soichiro Nishikawa ,&nbsp;Atsutaka Tamura","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The spinal dura mater plays an important role in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the central nervous system by enclosing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and protecting the spinal cord. Structurally, the dura mater primarily comprises collagen fibers. However, the orientation and mechanical response of these fibers to deformation remain poorly understood. Understanding these structural behaviors is crucial for elucidating the dura's biomechanical function and its vulnerability to injury, including CSF leakage.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The present study aimed to elucidate the dynamic behavior of the collagen fiber orientation in the spinal dura mater under biaxial tensile loading. We quantified the orientation angle distributions and analyzed their realignment patterns under different loading ratios using a custom-built polarization imaging system combined with stereomicroscopic observation.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The results suggest that collagen fiber reorganization plays an essential role in the ability of the spinal dura mater to withstand mechanical stress, acting as an important mechanism for energy dissipation and structural protection. Notably, fiber alignment changes were sensitive to the direction and magnitude of the applied load, implying that regional tissue properties are closely linked to the local mechanical environments.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The quantitative insights obtained in this study will help inform the development of subject-specific finite element models, enabling a more accurate simulation of mechanical failure and CSF leakage. Ultimately, these models could contribute to improved strategies for predicting, preventing, and treating dural injuries in clinical and biomechanical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145423408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element modelling of the sacral soft tissues under compressive loading in the context of pressure ulcer prevention: importance of the personalization of the material parameters","authors":"Ekaterina Mukhina ,&nbsp;Pierre-Yves Rohan ,&nbsp;Nathanael Connesson ,&nbsp;Yohan Payan","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pressure ulcers are a common occurrence in the sacrum and are frequently associated with deep tissue injury. Research has demonstrated that compression and mechanical strain contribute to tissue damage and can be employed to assess the risk of injury. Despite the existence of several finite element models based on this evidence, the experimental evaluation of localized tissue strain is rarely addressed.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The objective of this study is to present a proof-of-concept protocol for creating subject-specific finite element models of sacral soft tissues under compressive loading and to compare the model predictions with experimental data based on Digital Volume Correlation of MRI data. The data was collected from one asymptomatic volunteer in four loading conditions (vertical loading of 4.3 N, 6.1 N, 8 N and 11.9 N).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A comparison of DVC-derived tissue displacements with the Finite Element simulations demonstrated accurate estimations for maximum values and displacement distribution fields for all load cases, with less than 5 % discrepancy for load configurations L1-L3 and 7 % for load configuration L4. Concerning shear strains, it was observed that there were significant differences between the DVC-derived experimental tissue shear strains and the simulation predictions when generic constitutive parameters were used. The highest difference was 43 % for the highest load configuration (11.9 N).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These results demonstrate that incorporating personalized tissue properties substantially improves model fidelity, highlighting the potential of combined imaging, mechanical testing, and FE modelling for individualized risk assessment of deep tissue injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106668"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145349907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From structure to function: Biomechanical markers of symptomatic flatfoot during running and a single leg drop and hop","authors":"Nicolas Haelewijn ,&nbsp;Filip Staes ,&nbsp;Evie Vereecke ,&nbsp;Kevin Deschamps","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Static classification of flatfoot fails to explain why some individuals develop symptoms while others do not. Although altered foot kinematics have been documented, few studies directly compare symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, and none have examined multi-segment joint kinetics during sport activities. This study aimed to examine multi-segment biomechanical and intrinsic foot muscle differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals with flexible flatfoot during running and a single-leg drop-hop task, and to explore their clinical relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventeen symptomatic and seventeen asymptomatic individuals with flexible flatfoot were matched for age, sex, and BMI. Multi-segment foot kinematics and kinetics were captured during running and a single-leg drop-hop. Morphology and strength of intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles were assessed using ultrasound. Group differences were evaluated using a linear mixed-effects model.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Symptomatic individuals exhibited altered frontal plane ankle kinematics and reduced range of motion in the sagittal plane, particularly during the drop-hop task. Kinetic deficits included reduced power generation and absorption at the ankle and Chopart joints, and decreased MTP-I power absorption during running. Significant reductions in quadratus plantae and flexor digitorum longus muscle morphology were observed in the symptomatic group compared to the asymptomatic group. No differences were detected at the Lisfranc joint.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Symptomatic flexible flatfoot presents with task- and joint-specific functional deficits in both biomechanics and foot muscle morphology. Our findings support a shift from structural assessment toward performance-based clinical evaluation. Sport-specific rehabilitation should address neuromuscular control, joint power, and foot core function in dynamic contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRAIN in vertebral artery during passive cervical range of motion and spinal manipulation therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Caroline Fagundes ,&nbsp;Felipe Coutinho Kullmann Duarte ,&nbsp;Walter Herzog","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify and synthesize studies examining the strain on the vertebral artery (VA) during cervical spinal manipulation therapy (cSMT). Additionally, we compared VA strains induced by cSMT with passive range of motion (ROM) across different cervical spine levels and VA segments.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024591457).</div></div><div><h3>Literature search</h3><div>The search was performed in May 2025 across SCOPUS, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature.</div></div><div><h3>Study selection criteria</h3><div>Studies that focused on VA strain during cSMT and passive ROM. Risk of bias was assessed using the Anatomical Quality Assessment (AQUA) Tool.</div></div><div><h3>Data synthesis</h3><div>Data extraction included descriptive, methodological, VA strain, and interventional details. Meta-analysis was performed for studies comparing VA strain between cSMT and ROM.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ix studies met the inclusion criteria, with four providing data for meta-analysis. cSMT consistently produced lower VA strain (up to 3.8 %) compared to passive ROM (up to 12.5 %) in the V3 segment (C0–C2). Meta-analysis revealed greater strain during ROM compared to cSMT, particularly during rotation (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis provide consistent evidence that cSMT induces less strain on the VA, particularly within the V3 segment, compared to passive cervical ROM. Although the evidence comes from studies conducted in human cadaveric specimens, the robustness of the methodologies and the consistency of findings across studies contribute to the growing body of biomechanical evidence supporting the relative safety of cSMT with respect to VA strain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint contact behavior in the native, ligamentum teres deficient and surgically reconstructed hip: A biomechanics study","authors":"Jacob H. Chen ,&nbsp;Ian Al’Khafaji ,&nbsp;Lukas Ernstbrunner ,&nbsp;John O’Donnell ,&nbsp;David Ackland","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The ligamentum teres is known to contribute to hip joint stability; however, the effect of surgical reconstruction of ligamentum teres tears on hip joint function is poorly understood. This study aimed to employ a cadaver model to quantify peak pressure, average pressure, contact force, and contact area between the femoral head and acetabulum in native, ligamentum teres deficient and reconstructed hips.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Nine fresh-frozen human cadaveric hips were dissected and mounted to a multi-axis Materials Test System. Digital pressure sensors were placed on anterior, posterior, and superior regions of the acetabulum. Joint loading was simulated in 20deg flexion, neutral position, and 10deg extension. Peak pressure, average pressure, contact force, and contact area were measured.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Ligamentum teres deficiency caused a significant increase in average pressure (mean difference: 161.6 kPa, <em>p</em> = 0.002) in the superior acetabulum of the neutral hip relative to the ligament intact hip and in peak pressure (mean difference: 1462.5 kPa, <em>p</em> = 0.023) in the anterior acetabulum of the extended hip compared to the intact hip. Ligamentum teres reconstruction subsequently restored average and peak pressure to levels not significantly different from those in the intact state (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Reconstruction also led to a significant decrease in average pressure (mean difference 241.0 kPa, <em>p</em> = 0.047) and contact force (mean difference: 124.5 N, <em>p</em> = 0.039) in the posterior acetabulum of the flexed hip relative to the intact hip.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Ligamentum teres reconstruction may help to prevent excessive contact that occurs in the ligamentum teres deficient hip and may mitigate or slow the onset of degenerative changes associated with ligamentum teres deficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of restraining forces on propulsion and other gait characteristics during treadmill walking post-stroke","authors":"S. Minkes-Weiland ,&nbsp;H. Houdijk ,&nbsp;S. Floor ,&nbsp;P.P. Hartman ,&nbsp;H.A. Reinders-Messelink ,&nbsp;L.H.V. van der Woude ,&nbsp;A.R. den Otter","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A decreased propulsive capacity post stroke is associated with a diminished walking ability. When walking with a restraining force applied to the pelvis, more propulsion is required to enable forward progression. This may stimulate propulsion capacity in people post-stroke. Before incorporating restraining forces into training, their effects on propulsion mechanics and other gait characteristics must be evaluated. This study investigated: (1) the immediate bilateral effects of restraining forces during treadmill walking on propulsive force, braking force, and mechanical work in people post-stroke, and (2) the impact of this manipulation on step length symmetry, single support time symmetry and muscle activity. Additionally, we explored whether these effects vary with gait speed and force magnitude.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>13 individuals post-stroke walked on a treadmill at 0.28 m/s and 0.56 m/s while a horizontal restraining force (0 %, 5 % or 10 % of their body weight) was applied to the pelvis. During walking, ground reaction forces and muscle activity of gluteus Medius, rectus Femoris, vastus Medialis, biceps Femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and soleus were bilaterally recorded</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Applying restraining forces up to 10 % of body weight increased propulsive impulse and mechanical work while reducing braking impulse. Although no significant effects were found on step length symmetry or swing phase symmetry, subtle changes in muscle activity were observed when walking with restraining forces</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Restraining forces up to 10 % of body weight can activate propulsive capacity. Future research should explore how this direct effect translates into long-term training effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico analysis of fixation device strain patterns in the postoperative proximal femur: Effects of bone quality during gait.","authors":"Yogesh Kumaran, Sophia Soehnlen, Christopher Haritos, Sanam Jhaveri, Sudharshan Tripathi, Humza Shaikh, Stephanie Di Stasi, Carmen E Quatman","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proximal femur fracture fixation fundamentally alters load transfer, which can trigger adverse bone remodeling, particularly after healing in osteoporotic bone. While previous studies have focused on early fixation stability or acute fracture healing, the long-term mechanical environment after fracture consolidation remains poorly understood. This study examines implant-specific strain behavior in the post-healed state to identify patterns that may predispose to late-stage implant failure or remodeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subject-specific finite-element models were created from CT scans of a healthy 22-year-old and an osteoporotic 90-year-old female. Cannulated screws (CS), a dynamic hip screw (DHS), and a femoral neck system (FNS) were virtually implanted in each model and subjected to simulated gait loading. Maximum implant stresses and regional principal strains across the proximal femur were quantified throughout the stance phase.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The FNS demonstrated the highest maximum von Mises stresses in both normal and osteoporotic bone, notably at the anti-rotation screw and bolt interface. In osteoporotic bone, the FNS exhibited significantly higher tensile (mean 0.36 % ± 0.22 %) and compressive strains (mean - 0.41 % ± 0.28 %) compared to CS and DHS implants, while in normal bone, FNS strains were comparable to intact femur strains. The CS model showed reduced peak strains and stresses throughout the gait cycle compared to DHS and FNS.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study provides a comparative assessment of healed-state strain distributions across common fixation constructs. By characterizing these environments, these data establish a biomechanical framework and highlight the interplay between implant design and bone quality. Further population-based studies are required to refine implant selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"106724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12935158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry based biofidelic finite element models for simulating falls to the hip: Impact of trochanteric soft tissue thickness on fracture risk.","authors":"Dheeraj Jha, Anitha D Praveen, Alexander Baker, Anita Fung, Vee San Cheong, Preeti Gupta, Ecosse L Lamoureux, Namki Hong, Yumie Rhee, Vanessa Jean Wen Koh, Halldór Pálsson, William R Taylor, Angelique Wei-Ming Chan, Stephen J Ferguson, Benedikt Helgason","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We predicted the fracture outcomes of simulated falls from standing height using biofidelic finite element models of older adults in Singapore. We further investigated the influence of trochanteric soft tissue thickness, measured from scans and equations estimating standing trochanteric soft tissue thickness from DXA and BMI, on predicted fracture outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Biofidelic finite element models were built using DXA scans from 280 older Singaporean adults enrolled in the Targeted Assessment and Recruitment of Geriatrics for Effective Fall Prevention Treatments study. Models were created using different trochanteric soft tissue thickness: measured from 3D optical scans in standing (reference), measured from whole-body DXA, estimated from whole-body DXA, and estimated from BMI. Predicted fracture outcomes from sideways falls were compared across these models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The number of predicted hip fractures was higher among Chinese participants compared to Indians (females: 2.4×, males: 2.3×) and Malays (females: 2.5×, males: 1.3×). Trochanteric soft tissue thickness was the dominant factor influencing impact force and force attenuation at the greater trochanter. The whole-body DXA model had a 26 % false prediction rate compared to the reference model, while the models using estimated values from whole-body DXA and BMI had false prediction rates of 1 % and 9 %, respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Biofidelic finite element models built using image data captures population-based differences in hip fracture risk for the three main ethnic groups in Singapore. In the absence of 3D optical scans, predicting soft tissue shapes based on whole-body DXA scans, commonly available in clinical practice, yields similar fracture predictions based on simulated falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"106720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145642344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico clinical trial to predict the efficacy of alendronate for preventing hip fractures.","authors":"Sara Oliviero, Giacomo Savelli, Marco Viceconti, Antonino A La Mattina","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hip fractures associated with osteoporosis are a major healthcare concern. Existing drugs have limited efficacy in reducing hip fractures. However, clinical trials require large cohorts and lengthy follow-up. Computational models could potentially improve the development of more effective treatments. The aim of this study was to validate an In Silico Trial (BoneStrength) by reproducing a published clinical trial on the efficacy of alendronate. The predicted number of fractures was compared to the clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A statistical atlas was used to generate a virtual cohort (N = 1050), with baseline characteristics replicating the reference trial. Treatment with alendronate was simulated by increasing bone mineral density over time. Fracture incidence was predicted using a Markov Chain process. The impact force associated with each fall was estimated with a multiscale stochastic model. Finite Element models were used to predict femur strength. A patient was considered fractured when the impact force exceeded femur strength.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In the placebo group, virtual patients (N = 1050) experienced 15 ± 4 hip fractures in four years, whereas in the reference trial 24 occurred for 2218 patients (11 for 1050 patients). In the alendronate arm, fractures were reduced to 10 ± 3 in the virtual cohort, while 19 were observed in 2214 patients (9 for 1050 patients).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The distribution of hip fracture incidence predicted by the model included the clinical data for both groups. This In Silico trial can be applied in the future to improve clinical trial design and drug development, enabling a virtual pathway to the efficacy assessment of bone drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"106689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine tendons as surrogates for human semitendinosus tendons – A biomechanical study","authors":"Salim Youssef ,&nbsp;Benjamin Fischer ,&nbsp;Garen-Ohan Gregorian ,&nbsp;Toni Wendler ,&nbsp;Philipp Rolzhäuser ,&nbsp;Ahmad Hamedy ,&nbsp;Pierre Hepp ,&nbsp;Stefan Schleifenbaum ,&nbsp;Peter Melcher ,&nbsp;Yasmin Youssef ,&nbsp;Jan Theopold","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Porcine tendons are frequently used as surrogates for human semitendinosus tendons in biomechanical studies, yet their comparability remains unexplored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluates and compares the morphological and biomechanical properties of different porcine tendons (foreleg-extensors (<em>n</em> = 10), foreleg-flexors (n = 10), hindleg-extensors (n = 10) and hindleg-flexors (n = 10)) with those of human semitendinosus tendons (<em>n</em> = 13). Tendon length and cross-sectional area were measured, and maximum load, tensile strength, stiffness, and elastic modulus were determined using uniaxial testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Human semitendinosus tendons (26.59 cm, 18.98 mm²) exhibited the highest tensile strength (38.64 MPa) and an elastic modulus of 518.27 MPa. Porcine foreleg-extensors had comparable cross-sectional area (14.99 mm²), tensile strength (32.26 MPa), and elastic modulus (550.96 MPa) but were shorter (23.08 cm). Hindleg-flexors showed a similar length (25.81 cm) and elastic modulus (610.19 MPa) but lower tensile strength (28.13 MPa) and a substantially larger cross-sectional area (71.91 mm²). Hindleg-extensors were shorter (22.62 cm) with smaller cross-sectional area (11.20 mm²) but exhibited tensile strength (38.82 MPa) and elastic modulus (668.83 MPa) similar to those of the human tendons. Foreleg-flexors were shortest (17.07 cm), with the largest cross-sectional area (112.74 mm²), lowest tensile strength (18.82 MPa), and elastic modulus (155.70 MPa).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Despite differences in morphology, the material properties of tendons were largely consistent. Foreleg-extensors were identified as the most suitable semitendinosus surrogates due to their comparable material and morphological properties. Due to their distinct morphology, foreleg-flexors tendons are least suitable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"129 ","pages":"Article 106655"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}