Clinical Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Medial longitudinal arch variations and extrinsic foot muscle elasticity: Analysis of mobile, neutral, and rigid arch mobilities","authors":"David J. Kempfert ,&nbsp;Katy Mitchell ,&nbsp;Wayne Brewer ,&nbsp;Christina Bickley","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The mobility of the medial longitudinal arch contributes to foot function by accommodating to varying loads during dynamic weight-bearing activities. Physiologically, an external load, or stress, causes deformation in response to the application of load. Elasticity measures may offer insight into how load is distributed amongst synergistic muscles of the foot. The study's objective was to compare elasticity of extrinsic foot muscles across different categories of medial longitudinal arch mobility.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this within- and between-subjects exploratory design, shear wave elastography was used to measure elasticity of the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneal longus, and peroneal brevis in a non-weight-bearing and weight-bearing condition. Participants (<em>N</em> = 109) were classified into mobile, neutral, and rigid arch categories using the Arch Height Index Measurement System.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In non-weight-bearing, a significant interaction (<em>p</em> = 0.049) revealed elasticity of the tibialis posterior was significantly (<em>p</em> = 0.003, <em>d</em> = 0.90) greater in the rigid arch group when compared to the mobile arch group. In weight-bearing, a significant main effect (<em>p</em> = ≤0.001) for elasticity revealed all muscles, except the tibialis anterior and peroneal brevis comparison, were significantly (<em>p</em> = ≤0.001) different from one another (<em>d</em> = 0.75–3.09).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study presents a new approach to clinical measures of muscle elasticity using shear wave elastography. The findings offer valuable insight into the mechanical properties of extrinsic foot muscle elasticity across medial longitudinal arch mobility categories and the potential load sharing between synergistic muscles. Results showed elasticity of the tibialis posterior differed between mobile and rigid arches. This information may help inform future research in biomechanics and rehabilitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of internal rotation of the hindfoot on diagnosis of anterior talofibular ligament injury: An in vitro simulation study","authors":"Yutaro Nakao ,&nbsp;Hisayoshi Yoshizuka ,&nbsp;Akio Kuraoka","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The anterior drawer test of the ankle is widely used to diagnose anterior talofibular ligament injuries caused by ankle sprains; however, low sensitivity has been reported. The braking effect of the deltoid ligament is likely responsible for this low sensitivity. This study aimed to examine the effect of consistent and mandated internal rotation of the hindfoot, which leads to relaxation of the deltoid ligament, on the conventional anterior drawer test.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven cadaveric ankle specimens were subjected to quantitative analysis with a stretchable strain sensor at 30° plantarflexion, with or without 10° internal rotations, under accurate three-axial joint angle monitoring using inertial measurement units. The anterior drawer distance (mm) was calculated from the measured change in the capacitance value (picofarad) detected using the stretchable strain sensor and compared with that measured with the anterior talofibular ligament detached.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance and post-hoc pairwise analysis revealed that the anterior drawer test with internal rotation revealed a significantly greater mean value than the conventional anterior drawer test (4.7 ± 1.6 mm <em>vs.</em> 2.2 ± 1.5 mm) in anterior talofibular ligament-detached samples (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The capacitance data revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient (1,1) of 0.903.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Present findings suggest that our modified anterior drawer test with consistent and mandatory internal rotation, prevents the braking effect of the deltoid ligament and is expected to improve the sensitivity in assessing anterior talofibular ligament injuries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical comparison between three intramedullary nails and percutaneous compression plate in stable and unstable trochanteric fractures.","authors":"Luigi La Barbera, Atsuki Tanaka, Francesca Berti, Guido Antonini, Tomaso Villa","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The best surgical treatment of trochanteric fractures remains controversial and biomechanical literature lacks a comprehensive study. The study compares the behavior of fixation implants for the treatment trochanteric fractures, namely: intramedullary gamma nail, proximal femoral nail, veronail, and extramedullary percutaneous compression plate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The implants were virtually inserted into 3D femur digital twins characterized by stable and unstable trochanteric fractures. Loadings simulated walking condition without and with crutches, respectively, for stable and unstable fractures. Stresses below the yield point quantified implant safety. Constructs' stiffness, principal strains, and the load-sharing on the fracture rims demonstrated the biomechanical advantages of fixation implant in restoring a physiological condition by comparison with the intact femur.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>All implants are safe. Extramedullary plate and proximal femoral nail allowed to better recover the stiffness of the intact femur in the unstable fracture model, and the load acting along the fracture decreased respectively between 17 % and 44 % compared to stable fracture model. The minimum and maximum strain distribution was qualitatively similar for all devices, with extramedullary plate and gamma nail showing strains in the posteromedial area getting closer to the intact condition in stable fracture model. The compressive strains in the unstable fracture model treated with extramedullary plate were closer to the intact condition.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>All investigated devices could be safely used for stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures. The extramedullary plate may present some biomechanical advantage with unstable fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"106507"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143755623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drop landing between subjects post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and uninjured controls: A biomechanical and neuromuscular analysis","authors":"Chris Murphy ,&nbsp;Scott Landry ,&nbsp;Nathan Urquhart ,&nbsp;Catherine Coady ,&nbsp;Derek Rutherford","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The capacity of functional testing to identify ‘at-risk’ landing strategies in return to sport evaluation has been questioned. The purpose was to evaluate if biomechanical and muscle activation patterns differ during a drop landing task in subjects post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction against uninjured controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>22 subjects within two years of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who had returned to sport and 25 activity matched controls were recruited. Sagittal plane knee and hip biomechanics and muscle activation amplitudes were recorded during a single leg drop landing task. Discrete measures derived from waveforms were analysed using <em>t</em>-tests and Analysis of Variance models (<span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>=0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Subjects post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction displayed reduced knee (Effect Size = 1.2) and hip (Effect Size = 0.995) range of motion as well as reduced knee extension moments (Effect Size = 0.955) but exhibited no differences in quadriceps or hamstrings activation amplitudes versus uninjured controls.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Adoption of reduced knee and hip excursion or “stiffened” landing pattern despite similarities in muscle activation suggests the presence of adaptive strategies reflecting incomplete recovery despite receiving clearance for returned to sport. This suggests presence of altered patterns of movement which may place at increased risk for reinjury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual postoperative and preoperative workflow for patients with fractures of the lower extremities.","authors":"Annchristin Andres, Michael Roland, Kerstin Wickert, Bergita Ganse, Tim Pohlemann, Marcel Orth, Stefan Diebels","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The individual assessment of the postoperative healing situation contributes significantly to detecting healing disorders, ensuring the mechanical stability of implants, and planning revision surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our established workflow consists of the following steps: (1) Monitoring of the patients during their treatment course with a motion capturing system as kinematic and sensor insoles for the kinetic gait analysis, (2) transfer of the motion data into the musculoskeletal simulation system AnyBody™ to achieve the corresponding individual muscle and joint forces. (3) Clinical imaging of the patients via postoperative computed tomography scans, ideally combined with a six-rod bone density calibration phantom. (4) Segmentation of the CT images and generation of the corresponding adaptive finite element meshes of the bone-implant systems, including the material parameters based on Hounsfield units and calibration phantom via the software ScanIP™. (5) Based on the patient-specific model, all information from the musculoskeletal simulation and gait analysis is transferred to our biomechanical simulation process as patient-specific constraints.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>This workflow allows us to simulate individual patient models based on their respective actual motion data over their treatment course. Thus, pathological processes that may lead to non-healing fractures can be detected early after surgery and prevented by adapting the postoperative treatment protocol. Furthermore, it is possible to understand the forces that affect the fracture and its healing process permanently in more detail.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The findings demonstrate that the individual motion parameters and fracture morphology influence the local healing parameters and create individual weight-bearing recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":" ","pages":"106503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143722589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External fixators in austere environments under surge capacity conditions: A systematic review","authors":"David Bull ,&nbsp;Mark Sykes ,&nbsp;Mehdi Saeidi ,&nbsp;Anthony Bull","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>High-energy trauma causing open fractures can take place in low-resource settings (“austere” environment) and mainly affects the lower limbs. In these environments, external fixators often provide definitive surgical treatment. This systematic review identifies those external fixators for use on lower limbs as a definitive treatment that are most clinically effective in the austere environment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multiple databases were searched to identify studies investigating outcomes of external fixators used in austere environments. Case reports were excluded. Hand searching and expert input identified additional references.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>33 publications met the inclusion criteria. These were used worldwide. Commercially available fixators were used in 18 publications, and non-commercial ones including Balkan-designed devices in 6. The remaining non-commercial devices had 1 or 2 publications each. Union rates, where reported, varied from 47 to 100 % with no discernible difference between devices or location of use. Clinical complications varied from infection (0–79 %) through to nonunion and delayed union (0–22 %), loosening (0–36 %), osteomyelitis (0–19 %), construct stability (27–100 %), and amputation (0–50 %).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The variability in union and complication rates highlights the variability in severity of injuries, type of austere environment, and variability in fixator device efficacy. The non-commercial or “one-off” devices show promise, with comparable or better outcomes to the commercial devices, whereas others did not work well, with poor outcomes. The need for surge capacity availability in these austere environments would enable locally manufactured devices to be quickly made which are fit for purpose, yet regulation and quality control of these remains a challenge in their rollout.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis wave speed of optic nerve and optic nerve head for assessing normal tension glaucoma by using vibro-elastography technique","authors":"Ngoc Thang Bui ,&nbsp;Arash Kazemi ,&nbsp;John J. Chen ,&nbsp;Nicholas B. Larson ,&nbsp;Arthur J. Sit ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This research aims to evaluate wave speed and viscoelasticity of ocular tissues including the optic nerve and optic nerve head of human eyes between normal tension glaucoma patients and healthy controls by using vibro-elastography techniques.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included 12 patients and 12 controls. Wave speed was measured at the optic nerve and optic nerve head in each subject and viscoelasticity was estimated by using Voigt model. Wave speed and viscoelasticity of the optic nerve and optic nerve head were compared between patients and controls by linear mixed models via a restricted maximum likelihood method. The correlation between intraocular pressure and wave speed, elasticity, and viscosity of patients was performed using the Pearson correlation coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Significant differences in wave speed (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0005), elasticity (<em>p</em> = 0.0001) and viscosity <em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) between patients and controls at the optic nerve head. There was a moderate negative correlation (<em>r</em> = −0.50, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between wave speed and elasticity and intraocular pressure at the optic nerve of patients but no correlation (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) between wave speed, elasticity, and viscosity and intraocular pressure at the optic nerve head of patients. No significant difference and correlation among wave speed, elasticity, and viscosity vs. intraocular pressure of the control group at the optic nerve and optic nerve head.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Ultrasound vibro-elastography is useful for noninvasive measurement of viscoelasticity of ocular structures. The glaucoma patient is associated with biomechanical property changes in the optic nerve and optic nerve head, suggesting another way to assess glaucoma focusing on the optic nerve and optic nerve head.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical and energetic effects of knee flexion control during incline walking for users of the Power Knee","authors":"Sixu Zhou ,&nbsp;Hanjun Kim ,&nbsp;Jairo Maldonado-Contreras ,&nbsp;Atli Örn Sverrisson ,&nbsp;David Langlois ,&nbsp;Kinsey Herrin ,&nbsp;Aaron Young","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with transfemoral amputation often report difficulty with ambulating on inclined surfaces. Conventional prosthetic control strategies typically apply a level walking controller in incline walking modes, which may not be biomechanically optimal. Able-bodied individuals modulate knee stance pre-flexion substantially during incline walking, which is absent in most prosthetic level walking controllers. However, the biomechanical effects of stance pre-flexion for users with robotic microprocessor-controlled knees are not well-explored during inclines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study (<em>n</em> = 10), we investigated the joint kinematics/kinetics/power, biological joint level work and metabolic energy cost to evaluate the biomechanical effects of stance pre-flexion on a 7.5^o incline walking using a commercially available robotic prosthetic knee, the Össur Power Knee, and a passive foot, the Össur Pro-Flex LP. We ran a Bradley-Terry model to rank user preferences on stance pre-flexion conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We found that a 16.7 % reduction on the contralateral biological ankle joint positive work during stance phase when stance pre-flexion increased (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in metabolic energy cost. Survey data revealed participants preferred higher stance pre-flexion angles (12^o -18^o) compared to lower angles (0^o - 6^o), indicating consistent preference towards increased stance pre-flexion on inclines.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Our results indicate that reduction in biological joint work associated with stance pre-flexion emphasizes the need to implement stance pre-flexion adjustments in prosthesis controllers, as opposed to using a level-walking controller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulley reparation with direct suture technique: A mechanical study","authors":"Emile Balandier ,&nbsp;Laurent Vigouroux ,&nbsp;Jean-Louis Milan ,&nbsp;Thibault Poujade ,&nbsp;André Gay","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>One of the most common climbing injuries is finger pulley ruptures. Depending on the grade of injury, surgery may be required. Conventional techniques are tried and tested, but they all use autograft to reconstruct the pulley and some side effects have been observed. The present technique, direct suture of injured pulleys, not using autograft, has a minimal footprint and a normal tendon-bone distance after healing. This study aimed to verify the post-operative stability of the pulley repaired with direct suture.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed rupture tests on the pulleys of 17 cadaver fingers via traction on the flexor tendons. Tests were carried out first on the native pulley and then on the sutured pulley. We measured the total tensile force and fingertip force and calculated the force of the A2 and A4 pulleys in each test.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We found a significant difference in force between native (334.9 N) and sutured (59.0 N) A2 pulleys and in all other parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>These results showed that direct suturing is a technique that allows the injured pulley to be properly positioned for regeneration with good stability but does not provide immediate resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of knee loading in subjects 12 weeks post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction versus repair when performing a double-limb squat","authors":"Olivia Panchal ,&nbsp;Shiho Goto ,&nbsp;Nicole L. Dietrich ,&nbsp;J. Craig Garrison ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Hannon ,&nbsp;Steven B. Singleton","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite postoperative complications, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction remains the gold standard treatment after a tear. Recent advancements in anterior cruciate ligament repair techniques have led to improved outcomes and renewed interest in repair as a less invasive alternative. The purpose of this study was to compare knee biomechanics and quadriceps strength during double-leg squat at 12 weeks between individuals who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction or repair.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 43 participants (21 repair, 23 reconstruction) were included. A 10-camera Motion Capture System was used to capture joint motions during double-leg squat, and two force plates collected ground reaction forces. Peak knee extension moment, knee flexion angle, knee flexion angle displacement, and quadriceps strength were measured. Independent <em>t</em>-tests were performed for participant demographics (age, height, mass), International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form scores, and isokinetic quadriceps strength. A univariate ANCOVA was performed on each dependent variable and Cohen's d effect size was calculated.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The repair group demonstrated significantly greater knee extension moment compared to the reconstruction group after accounting for age (<em>P</em> = .033, effect size = 1.00). No statistically significant differences were observed between groups for quadriceps strength (<em>P</em> = .138), peak knee flexion angle (<em>P</em> = .330), or knee flexion angle displacement (<em>P</em> = .372).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This study adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating favorable outcomes of repair compared to reconstruction. In addition to previously identified advantages of repair, there appears to be some biomechanical advantage of repair compared to reconstruction at 12 weeks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"124 ","pages":"Article 106498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}