Clinical Biomechanics最新文献

{"title":"Differences in kinetics and kinematics of sit-to-stand between independent and dependent post-stroke individuals.","authors":"Naoyuki Motojima, Sumiko Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Kohno","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sit-to-stand movement is important for the rehabilitation of individuals with poststroke hemiplegia. This study aimed to clarify the variation in kinetic and kinematic characteristics of sit-to-stand movements according to differences in the ability of individuals with poststroke hemiplegia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty five individuals in the subacute phase of stroke-induced hemiplegia, who needed assistance to practice the sit-to-stand movement (dependent group) and 25 individuals in the subacute phase of stroke-induced hemiplegia who could stand up independently (independent group) were selected for the study. To ensure a fair comparison, the two groups were matched for age, sex, body size, and the paretic side. The sit-to-stand movement was quantified using a three-dimensional motion-analysis system, and the resulting kinetics, kinematics of thorax, pelvis and lower limb, and weight bearing were compared.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The dependent group exhibited significantly reduced hip flexion torque and significantly greater thoracic and pelvic anterior tilt prior to seat-off than the independent group. After seat-off, the dependent group exhibited significantly reduced paretic knee extension torque and significantly greater weight bearing on the nonparetic side, along with significantly elevated hip extension torque on the paretic and non-paretic sides, in comparison to the independent group.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the sit-to-stand maneuver before seat-off in the dependent group poststroke differ from those in the independent poststroke individuals, as previously reported. These findings also suggest that weight-bearing on the non- paretic side is key in the sit-to-stand movement of dependent individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"129 ","pages":"106636"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison between manual and automated event detection for shuffle, deceleration and run cut tasks using motion capture.","authors":"Alex M Loewen, Jan Karel Petric, Hannah L Olander, Joshua Riesenberg, Sophia Ulman","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased adolescent sports participation lead to a rise in sports-related injuries. These injuries impact athletes' health and performance, necessitating improved injury prevention methods. The shuffle, deceleration, and run cut tasks are commonly used in injury prevention protocols to elicit improper movement mechanics. Recent literature examined the use of an automated event detection algorithm to improve the accuracy of 3-dimensional motion capture data processing techniques. Manual and automated event detection methods were compared during these tasks in two different groups of participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty healthy controls and thirty adolescents following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, performed a shuffle, deceleration, and run-cut task in a motion capture lab. Specific timepoints of the tasks were manually identified by two raters and automatically detected by custom MATLAB algorithms. Intra- and inter-rater reliability, differences in event timings, and task performance were compared.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Significant differences in event timings were found between manual and automated methods, particularly with events identifying the lateral, forward, or vertical position of the participant with the absolute difference ranging from 4.7 to 13.5 frames across all three tasks. The identification of the first and last timepoints the foot is contacting the ground were similar between methods.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The results of this study indicate that automated event detection is a more reliable method of identifying timepoints assessing participant's movement, highlighting its value in clinical and research settings. Automated event detection may improve injury risk assessments by minimizing user variability and offering consistent event identification across diverse movement tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"129 ","pages":"106644"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional motion analysis of upright bipedal walking android model.","authors":"Kouji Sanaka, Yusuke Sekiguchi, Daisuke Kurosawa, Seiichi Sugimura, Ko Hashimoto, Kohei Takahashi, Satoru Ebihara, Eiichi Murakami, Toshimi Aizawa","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We previously developed a bipedal android model driven by trunk motion via psoas major contractions. A mechanically stabilized principle model was created to preserve gait mechanics, enabling autonomous bipedal walking and reliable center of pressure measurement by addressing knee and foot-ankle joint instability. This study investigated whether the center of pressure trajectory generated by the trunk-driven model approximates that of humans using a three-dimensional gait analysis system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five markers were attached to healthy subjects versus 24 markers to the principle model. Ground reaction force data were captured at 1200 Hz and analyzed using motion analysis and numerical software. The center of pressure trajectory of the right foot during the stance phase was compared between the principle model and healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Center of pressure trajectories were generally similar during the double-limb stance and single-limb support phases. The principle model showed differences such as a backward deviation of the center of pressure in the direction opposite to walking progression during the single-limb support phase, especially between 47.5 % and 61.5 % of the phase. The trajectory did not extend toward the forefoot, likely due to the shorter stride length, slower walking speed, and prolonged single-limb support duration (0.91 ± 0.05 s vs. 0.41 ± 0.05 s in healthy subjects).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Conventional gait analysis assumes passive trunk motion following lower-limb activity. In contrast, the principle model demonstrates trunk-driven motion with passive leg swing, partially replicating human center of pressure trajectories. This suggests a trunk-driven approach may offer insights for gait analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"129 ","pages":"106620"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144800879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of automatic knee kinematic feature learning for discriminating between individuals with and without a history of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","authors":"Benjamin R. Butler ,&nbsp;Behnam Gholami ,&nbsp;Benedict Z.W. Low ,&nbsp;Qichang Mei ,&nbsp;David Hollinger ,&nbsp;Zainab Altai ,&nbsp;David W. Evans ,&nbsp;Bernard X.W. Liew","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that often develops following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, even following surgical reconstruction (ACLr). This research evaluated whether biomechanical biomarkers, derived from wearable sensors, could differentiate people with an ACLr, who are at risk of early knee osteoarthritis, from healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twelve participants with an ACLr and 19 controls participated. Continuous three-dimensional (3D) knee kinematics were captured using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors during sequential daily living tasks comprising sit-to-stand, walking, obstacle crossing, squatting, and stand-to-sit. Using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model, 468 knee time-series features were extracted to classify individuals with an ACLr from controls. Cohen's <em>d</em> effect sizes were calculated for features selected by the regression model to quantify between-group differences.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The model achieved an accuracy of 80.7 %, with 92 % sensitivity and 74 % specificity. Seven features were retained from the model. The top two features with the greatest effect sizes when compared to controls were: a reduction in peak-to-peak knee axial rotation and maximum knee axial rotation angle (<em>d</em> = 1.35 and <em>d</em> = 1.31, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The present study found that axial knee kinematics could serve as important biomarkers of an ACLr, potentially representing a modifiable feature for osteoarthritis treatment and prevention. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of early knee osteoarthritis detection using biomechanical biomarkers, providing preliminary evidence for the use of wearable sensors outside clinical settings and underscoring the possibilities for at-home monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106673"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The margin of stability is bigger in girls with Lenke I adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A case-control study","authors":"Fraje Watson ,&nbsp;Rui V. Loureiro ,&nbsp;Julian J.H. Leong","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Margin of Stability is used to measure stability in adults with pathologic gait including spinal deformity. The aim was to compare anterior-posterior and mediolateral Margin of Stability in girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis to typically-developing girls, and to test the effect of speed and Cobb angle on the Margin of Stability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight girls with Lenke 1 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (Cobb: 53.9±15.2°) were recruited from the Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital between July 2021 and August 2022, and seven propensity-matched typically-developing girls were recruited. Participants walked at three speeds on an instrumented treadmill wearing a full-body plug-in-gait marker set. Mean Margin of Stability at heel strike during 30-seconds of walking was calculated. The Margin of Stability was compared between girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis and controls using a Two-way ANOVA with paired analysis and was correlated to Cobb angle in girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis using Pearson’s <em>r</em>^<em>2</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>There was weak evidence for a Group-Speed interaction between for anterior-posterior Margin of Stability at 1.2 m/s. It was higher in Cases than at 1.2 m/s compared to Controls (left: <em>p</em> = 0.05; right: <em>p</em> = 0.06). Anterior-posterior Margin of Stability was not significantly correlated with Cobb angle. Mediolateral Margin of Stability did not differ between Group or Group-Speed interaction but was negatively correlated with increasing Cobb angle (left: <em>p</em> = 0.002; right: <em>p</em> = 0.04).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Girls with moderate-severe Lenke I Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis were more anterior-posteriorly stable than Controls at higher speeds. Gait challenges may require compensatory mechanisms for perceived instability caused by their spinal deformity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing facet joint overload with a Kevlar-augmented lumbar disc replacement: An ex vivo investigation","authors":"V. Vanaclocha ,&nbsp;C. Atienza ,&nbsp;A. Vanaclocha ,&nbsp;P. Jorda-Gomez ,&nbsp;A. Peñuelas ,&nbsp;E. Medina-Ripoll ,&nbsp;A. Gómez-Pérez ,&nbsp;N. Saiz-Sapena ,&nbsp;L. Vanaclocha","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Facet joint overload often causes persistent low back pain after lumbar total disc replacement (TDR). This study is the first to test whether adding an anterior Kevlar band (K) can restore normal facet joint loading after lumbar TDR.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We tested six human lumbosacral spines under four conditions: intact, after discectomy, with the ADDISC prosthesis, and with ADDISC plus Kevlar reinforcement. Facet joint pressures were measured at L3–L4, L4–L5, and L5–S1 during flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Discectomy caused a significant rise in facet pressures, especially during extension and axial rotation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The ADDISC prosthesis lowered facet pressures but did not fully return them to baseline. Kevlar reinforcement lowered pressures by up to 35 % compared to the prosthesis alone, nearing intact spine levels, especially in flexion and extension.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Kevlar reinforcement improves load distribution more than the prosthesis alone. It may help prevent facet degeneration and adjacent segment disease, offering a better biomechanical option for motion-preserving spine surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical relevance</h3><div>The combination of the ADDISC prosthesis and Kevlar reinforcement may help prevent facet joint degeneration and adjacent segment disease, potentially enhancing long-term outcomes in lumbar disc arthroplasty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106672"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the collar in cementless hip stems work? Comparison of the strain distribution in the cortex of the proximal femur","authors":"Katja Brand ,&nbsp;Golzar Dakhili ,&nbsp;Frank Lampe ,&nbsp;Benjamin Ondruschka ,&nbsp;Michael M. Morlock ,&nbsp;Gerd Huber","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collared cementless hip stems have demonstrated a reduced incidence of periprosthetic femoral fractures compared to collarless counterparts. Many fractures occur during implantation, when collarless stems are seated to achieve press-fit, causing critical tensile strains in the femur. Collared stems can limit excessive seating and subsidence through calcar-collar contact.</div><div>This study aimed to explain the clinically observed smaller fracture rates with collared stems by comparing strain distributions during implantation and loading between collared and collarless stems. It was hypothesized that collared stems distribute applied forces through both the collar and stem, increasing compressive axial and shear strains, allowing higher load tolerance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seven collared and seven collarless stems were implanted with constant velocity (0.1 mm/s) in porcine femurs until failure. Two human cadaveric femurs were tested as proof of concept. Shear, axial compressive and tangential tensile strains were compared alongside fracture patterns, subsidence and forces.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Collared stems in porcine femurs resisted approximately twice as much force until failure occurred (collared: 4187 N, collarless: 1980 N; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), with similar tangential tensile strains (1 % to 1.4 % <em>p</em> = 0.805) and subsidence of 1.6 mm for collarless and 1.1 mm for collared stems at different failure forces (<em>p</em> = 0.288). Axial compressive strain was heavily increased by 1147 % with collared stems (collared: 1.2 %, collarless: 0.1 %; <em>p</em> = 0.026). Human femurs exhibited similar trends.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>During loading, the collar prevents periprosthetic femoral fractures by increasing axial compressive strains instead of causing critical excessive tangential tensile strains (hoop strains) that can result in fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145092713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between arch height index, spatiotemporal gait parameters and plantar pressure in children with spastic hemiplegia cerebral palsy","authors":"Young-Hwan Kwag","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the correlations between the arch height index (AHI), spatiotemporal gait parameters, and plantar pressure in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 15 children diagnosed with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The AHI was measured using the method developed by Williams and McClay. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were assessed using the GAITRite system, and plantar pressure was evaluated with the Dynafoot platform.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>On the affected side, the AHI showed moderate positive correlations with step length (0.522) and stride length (0.529). On the non-affected side, the AHI demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with plantar pressure in the medial heel region (−0.629).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The findings suggest that the AHI is associated with shorter step and stride lengths and plantar pressure distribution in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. These results support the clinical utility of AHI as an assessment tool and its potential role in guiding interventions to improve gait and foot posture in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the center of pressure position, trunk and lower limb joint kinematics with knee extensor moment during single-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","authors":"Masato Chijimatsu ,&nbsp;Rui Henmi ,&nbsp;Hiroko Yokoyama ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hoshi ,&nbsp;Gai Maeda ,&nbsp;Yuka Kimura ,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Ishibashi ,&nbsp;Eiichi Tsuda","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Reduced knee extensor moment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is associated with quadriceps weakness, increased risk of second anterior cruciate ligament injuries, and early onset of knee osteoarthritis. This study investigated the association between the knee extensor moment, anterior-posterior center of pressure, and trunk and lower limb joint angles during single-leg squatting following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed a single-leg squatting with both legs. Regression analyses were performed to examine the association between the knee extensor moment, anterior-posterior center of pressure, and trunk and lower limb joint angles, all of which were measured using a 3-dimensional motion analysis system.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The knee extensor moment was predicted by the anterior-posterior center of pressure in the involved limb (<em>P</em> = 0.038, <em>R</em>² = 0.208). The knee extensor moment was significantly predicted by the knee flexion angle (involved: <em>P</em> = 0.003, <em>R</em>² = 0.373; uninvolved: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>R</em>² = 0.557) and ankle dorsiflexion angle (involved: <em>P</em> = 0.035, <em>R</em>² = 0.214; uninvolved: <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>R</em>² = 0.554). The anterior-posterior center of pressure and ankle dorsiflexion angle significantly predicted the knee extensor moment in the involved limb in multivariate regression analysis (<em>P</em> = 0.006, model <em>R</em>² = 0.429).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>The knee extensor moment was associated with the anterior-posterior center of pressure, knee flexion angle, and ankle dorsiflexion angle. Evaluating these parameters may enhance our understanding of the knee extensor moment during single-leg squatting after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a clinical setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of restraining forces on propulsion and other gait characteristics during treadmill walking post-stroke","authors":"S. Minkes-Weiland ,&nbsp;H. Houdijk ,&nbsp;S. Floor ,&nbsp;P.P. Hartman ,&nbsp;H.A. Reinders-Messelink ,&nbsp;L.H.V. van der Woude ,&nbsp;A.R. den Otter","doi":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2025.106664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A decreased propulsive capacity post stroke is associated with a diminished walking ability. When walking with a restraining force applied to the pelvis, more propulsion is required to enable forward progression. This may stimulate propulsion capacity in people post-stroke. Before incorporating restraining forces into training, their effects on propulsion mechanics and other gait characteristics must be evaluated. This study investigated: (1) the immediate bilateral effects of restraining forces during treadmill walking on propulsive force, braking force, and mechanical work in people post-stroke, and (2) the impact of this manipulation on step length symmetry, single support time symmetry and muscle activity. Additionally, we explored whether these effects vary with gait speed and force magnitude.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>13 individuals post-stroke walked on a treadmill at 0.28 m/s and 0.56 m/s while a horizontal restraining force (0 %, 5 % or 10 % of their body weight) was applied to the pelvis. During walking, ground reaction forces and muscle activity of gluteus Medius, rectus Femoris, vastus Medialis, biceps Femoris, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius and soleus were bilaterally recorded</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Applying restraining forces up to 10 % of body weight increased propulsive impulse and mechanical work while reducing braking impulse. Although no significant effects were found on step length symmetry or swing phase symmetry, subtle changes in muscle activity were observed when walking with restraining forces</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Restraining forces up to 10 % of body weight can activate propulsive capacity. Future research should explore how this direct effect translates into long-term training effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50992,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Biomechanics","volume":"130 ","pages":"Article 106664"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}