Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献_第2页

Archimedean solids in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries 十五和十六世纪的阿基米德实体

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00331-7

Vera Viana

引用次数: 0

Quantum mechanics, radiation, and the equivalence proof 量子力学、辐射和等效证明

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00334-4

Alexander Blum, Martin Jähnert

引用次数: 0

The turbulence theory of P. Wehrlé and G. Dedebant (1934–1948): a forgotten probabilistic approach? P. Wehrlé 和 G. Dedebant 的湍流理论（1934-1948 年）：被遗忘的概率方法？

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6

Antonietta Demuro

{"title":"The turbulence theory of P. Wehrlé and G. Dedebant (1934–1948): a forgotten probabilistic approach?","authors":"Antonietta Demuro","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The development of the statistical theory of turbulence mainly take places between 1920 and 1940, in a context where emerging theories in fluid mechanics are striving to provide results closer to experimentation and applicable to practical fluid problems. The secondary literature on the history of fluid mechanics has often emphasized the importance of the contributions of Prandtl, Taylor, and von Kármán to the closure problem of Reynolds equations for a turbulent fluid confined by walls and to the statistical description of an isotropic and homogeneous turbulent flow. During the same period, a new theory of turbulence also surfaces in France. This theory is formulated by a group of researchers led by Philippe Wehrlé (1890–1965), the director of the French National Meteorological Office (Office national météorologique, ONM), and Georges Dedebant (1902–1965), the head of ONM’s Scientific Service. Their objective is to mathematically formalize the turbulence, taking into account the atmospheric turbulence and using a theory of random functions defined from experimental concepts. However, this French theory of turbulence gradually loses international recognition after World War II. After introducing the key figures and the fundamental components of their theory, the article explores various scientific factors why their contribution was increasingly forgotten after the Second World War.</div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"78 5","pages":"523 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quantitative analysis of David Fabricius’ astronomical observations 对大卫-法布里奇乌斯天文观测数据的定量分析

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00333-5

Hernán E. Grecco, Christián C. Carman

引用次数: 0

Free-energy calculations in condensed matter: from early challenges to the advent of umbrella sampling 凝聚态物质的自由能计算：从早期挑战到伞状取样的出现

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3

Daniele Macuglia

{"title":"Free-energy calculations in condensed matter: from early challenges to the advent of umbrella sampling","authors":"Daniele Macuglia","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The investigation of condensed matter transformations hinges on the precision of free-energy calculations. This article charts the evolution of molecular simulations, tracing their development from the techniques of the early 1960s, through the emergence of free-energy calculations toward the end of the decade, and leading to the advent of umbrella sampling in 1977. The discussion explores the inherent challenges and limitations of early simulational endeavors, such as the struggle with accurate phase-space sampling and the need for innovative solutions like importance sampling and multistage sampling methods. Taken together, the initial hurdles and subsequent adoption of advanced techniques exemplify the leap from analytical methods to effective computational strategies that enabled more reliable simulations. Further analysis of this narrative reveals the methodological breakthroughs as well as the setbacks that transformed the theoretical and practical understanding of condensed matter phenomena. A follow-up study will examine the shifts in free-energy calculations from the late 1970s into the 1980s.</div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"78 5","pages":"479 - 522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The practice of principles: Planck’s vision of a relativistic general dynamics 原则的实践：普朗克的相对论广义动力学构想

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00326-4

Marco Giovanelli

引用次数: 0

Felix Klein’s early contributions to anschauliche Geometrie 费利克斯-克莱因对anschauliche Geometrie的早期贡献

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1

David E. Rowe

{"title":"Felix Klein’s early contributions to anschauliche Geometrie","authors":"David E. Rowe","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Between 1873 and 1876, Felix Klein published a series of papers that he later placed under the rubric anschauliche Geometrie in the second volume of his collected works (1922). The present study attempts not only to follow the course of this work, but also to place it in a larger historical context. Methodologically, Klein’s approach had roots in Poncelet’s principle of continuity, though the more immediate influences on him came from his teachers, Plücker and Clebsch. In the 1860s, Clebsch reworked some of the central ideas in Riemann’s theory of Abelian functions to obtain complicated results for systems of algebraic curves, most published earlier by Hesse and Steiner. These findings played a major role in enumerative geometry, whereas Plücker’s work had a strongly qualitative character that imbued Klein’s early studies. A leitmotif in these works can be seen in the interplay between real curves and surfaces as reflected by their transformational properties. During the early 1870s, Klein and Zeuthen began to explore the possibility of deriving all possible forms for real cubic surfaces as well as quartic curves. They did so using continuity methods reminiscent of Poncelet’s earlier approach. Both authors also relied on visual arguments, which Klein would later advance under the banner of intuitive geometry (anschauliche Geometrie).</div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"78 4","pages":"401 - 477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antonio Signorini and the proto-history of the non-linear theory of elasticity 安东尼奥-西格诺里尼和非线性弹性理论的原始历史

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00328-2

Giuseppe Saccomandi, Maurizio Stefano Vianello

引用次数: 0

Hipparchus’ selenelion and two pairs of lunar eclipses revisited 希帕克斯的塞勒涅里翁和两对月食的重新审视

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00330-8

S. Mohammad Mozaffari

{"title":"Hipparchus’ selenelion and two pairs of lunar eclipses revisited","authors":"S. Mohammad Mozaffari","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00330-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00330-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Ptolemy reports three dated lunar eclipses observed by Hipparchus, and also refers to two more, without identifying them, which Hipparchus compared with two earlier counterparts (apparently, observed in Mesopotamia) to assess the validity of the Babylonian period relations of the lunar motion. Also, in Pliny the Elder’s Historia naturalis, we are told that a horizontal lunar eclipse (selenelion) at sunrise and moonset was reported (observed?) by Hipparchus. Reviewing a paper by G.J. Toomer in 1980, it is shown that the pairs of the eclipses were, almost certainly, the ones occurring on “31 January 486 b.c. and 27 January 141 b.c.” and “19 November 502 b.c. and 14 November 157 b.c.”; and if Hipparchus observed from St. Stephen’s Hill in Rhodes, the most probable candidate for the selenelion at moonset was the lunar eclipse of 7 February 142 b.c., although he also had the chance to observe any of the four others, occurring on 3 July 150 b.c., 10 April 145 b.c., 26 November 139 b.c., and 15 November 138 b.c., on a sufficiently elevated mountain on the island.</div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"78 4","pages":"361 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140967890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ibn al-Zarqālluh’s discovery of the annual equation of the Moon 伊本-扎尔卡鲁赫发现月球的年度方程

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-023-00323-z

S. Mohammad Mozaffari

{"title":"Ibn al-Zarqālluh’s discovery of the annual equation of the Moon","authors":"S. Mohammad Mozaffari","doi":"10.1007/s00407-023-00323-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-023-00323-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Ibn al-Zarqālluh (al-Andalus, d. 1100) introduced a new inequality in the longitudinal motion of the Moon into Ptolemy’s lunar model with the amplitude of 24′, which periodically changes in terms of a sine function with the distance in longitude between the mean Moon and the solar apogee as the variable. It can be shown that the discovery had its roots in his examination of the discrepancies between the times of the lunar eclipses he obtained from the data of his eclipse observations over a 37-year period in the latter part of the eleventh century and the predictions made on the basis of the lunar theories in the Mumta(textit{d{h}})an zīj (Baghdad, ca. 830) and al-Battānī’s zīj (Raqqa, d. 929), which were available to him at the time. What Ibn al-Zarqālluh found is, in fact, a special case of the annual equation of the Moon, which is applicable in the oppositions and, thus, in the lunar eclipses. The inequality was discovered independently by Tycho Brahe (d. 1601) and Johannes Kepler (d. 1630). As Ibn Yūnus (d. 1009) reports in his (textit{d{H}})ākimī zīj, Ibn al-Zarqālluh’s medieval Middle Eastern predecessors, the Persian astronomers Māhānī (d. ca. 880) and Nayrīzī (d. 922) as well as ‘Alī b. Amājūr (fl. ca. 920), were already acquainted with the problem of the eclipse timing errors, but it had remained unresolved until Ibn Yūnus provided a provisional, and incorrect, solution by reducing the size of the lunar epicycle. As we argue, the diverse ways to tackle the same problem stem from two different methodologies in astronomical reasoning in the traditions developed separately in the Eastern and Western regions of the medieval Islamic domain.</div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":"78 3","pages":"271 - 304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139677584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0