Archive for History of Exact Sciences最新文献

Felix Klein and Sophus Lie on quartic surfaces in line geometry 费利克斯-克莱因和索菲斯-李论线几何学中的四曲面

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00335-3

David E. Rowe

{"title":"Felix Klein and Sophus Lie on quartic surfaces in line geometry","authors":"David E. Rowe","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00335-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00335-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although rarely appreciated, the collaboration that brought Felix Klein and Sophus Lie together in 1869 had mainly to do with their common interests in the new field of line geometry. As mathematicians, Klein and Lie identified with the latest currents in geometry. Not long before, Klein’s mentor Julius Plücker launched the study of first- and second-degree line complexes, which provided much inspiration for Klein and Lie, though both were busy exploring a broad range of problems and theories. Klein used invariant theory and other algebraic methods to study the properties of line complexes, whereas Lie set his eyes on those aspects related to analysis and differential equations. Much later, historians and mathematicians came to treat the collaboration between Klein and Lie as a famous early chapter in the history of transformation groups, a development often identified with Klein’s “Erlangen Program” from 1872. The present detailed account of their joint work and mutual interests provides a very different picture of their early research, which had relatively little to do with group theory. This essay shows how the geometrical interests of Klein and Lie reflected contemporary trends by focusing on the central importance of quartic surfaces in line geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142519066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Einstein–Perrin dilemma on the Brownian motion (Avogadro’s number) resolved? 关于布朗运动（阿伏加德罗数）的爱因斯坦-佩林难题解决了吗？

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00337-1

Jiří Škvarla

{"title":"Einstein–Perrin dilemma on the Brownian motion (Avogadro’s number) resolved?","authors":"Jiří Škvarla","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00337-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00337-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The general recognition of the existence of atoms and molecules occurred only at the beginning of the twentieth century. Many researchers contributed to this, but the ultimate proof of the molecular nature of matter that convinced even the last sceptics was the confirmation of Albert Einstein’s statistical-fluctuation theory of Brownian motion, a part of his comprehension of interdisciplinary atomism, by Jean Perrin’s experiments on colloidal gamboge particles. Einstein noticed a difference between the values of Avogadro’s constant derived from Perrin’s experiments and Planck’s calculation from black-body radiation. Einstein assumed the incorrectly evaluated size of the gamboge spherules to be a culprit of the difference and asked Perrin to check the assumption with additional experiments and using the viscosity formula introduced in his own dissertation. The result was a discrepancy that neither Einstein nor Perrin settled any further. In this communication, based on the survey of developments in colloid and polymer science and their comparison with relevant experiments, an explanation of the dilemma is given that now, after more than a century, proves Einstein correct. The comparison was de facto possible during his lifetime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-024-00337-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142518421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some remarks on the history of Ricci’s absolute differential calculus 关于利玛窦绝对微分学历史的一些评论

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00336-2

Alberto Cogliati

引用次数: 0

Archimedean solids in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries 十五和十六世纪的阿基米德实体

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00331-7

Vera Viana

引用次数: 0

Quantum mechanics, radiation, and the equivalence proof 量子力学、辐射和等效证明

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00334-4

Alexander Blum, Martin Jähnert

引用次数: 0

The turbulence theory of P. Wehrlé and G. Dedebant (1934–1948): a forgotten probabilistic approach? P. Wehrlé 和 G. Dedebant 的湍流理论（1934-1948 年）：被遗忘的概率方法？

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6

Antonietta Demuro

{"title":"The turbulence theory of P. Wehrlé and G. Dedebant (1934–1948): a forgotten probabilistic approach?","authors":"Antonietta Demuro","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00332-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of the statistical theory of turbulence mainly take places between 1920 and 1940, in a context where emerging theories in fluid mechanics are striving to provide results closer to experimentation and applicable to practical fluid problems. The secondary literature on the history of fluid mechanics has often emphasized the importance of the contributions of Prandtl, Taylor, and von Kármán to the closure problem of Reynolds equations for a turbulent fluid confined by walls and to the statistical description of an isotropic and homogeneous turbulent flow. During the same period, a new theory of turbulence also surfaces in France. This theory is formulated by a group of researchers led by Philippe Wehrlé (1890–1965), the director of the French National Meteorological Office (Office national météorologique, ONM), and Georges Dedebant (1902–1965), the head of ONM’s Scientific Service. Their objective is to mathematically formalize the turbulence, taking into account the atmospheric turbulence and using a theory of random functions defined from experimental concepts. However, this French theory of turbulence gradually loses international recognition after World War II. After introducing the key figures and the fundamental components of their theory, the article explores various scientific factors why their contribution was increasingly forgotten after the Second World War.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141508836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A quantitative analysis of David Fabricius’ astronomical observations 对大卫-法布里奇乌斯天文观测数据的定量分析

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00333-5

Hernán E. Grecco, Christián C. Carman

引用次数: 0

Free-energy calculations in condensed matter: from early challenges to the advent of umbrella sampling 凝聚态物质的自由能计算：从早期挑战到伞状取样的出现

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3

Daniele Macuglia

{"title":"Free-energy calculations in condensed matter: from early challenges to the advent of umbrella sampling","authors":"Daniele Macuglia","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The investigation of condensed matter transformations hinges on the precision of free-energy calculations. This article charts the evolution of molecular simulations, tracing their development from the techniques of the early 1960s, through the emergence of free-energy calculations toward the end of the decade, and leading to the advent of umbrella sampling in 1977. The discussion explores the inherent challenges and limitations of early simulational endeavors, such as the struggle with accurate phase-space sampling and the need for innovative solutions like importance sampling and multistage sampling methods. Taken together, the initial hurdles and subsequent adoption of advanced techniques exemplify the leap from analytical methods to effective computational strategies that enabled more reliable simulations. Further analysis of this narrative reveals the methodological breakthroughs as well as the setbacks that transformed the theoretical and practical understanding of condensed matter phenomena. A follow-up study will examine the shifts in free-energy calculations from the late 1970s into the 1980s.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-024-00327-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The practice of principles: Planck’s vision of a relativistic general dynamics 原则的实践：普朗克的相对论广义动力学构想

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00326-4

Marco Giovanelli

引用次数: 0

Felix Klein’s early contributions to anschauliche Geometrie 费利克斯-克莱因对anschauliche Geometrie的早期贡献

IF 0.7 2区哲学

Archive for History of Exact Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1

David E. Rowe

{"title":"Felix Klein’s early contributions to anschauliche Geometrie","authors":"David E. Rowe","doi":"10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Between 1873 and 1876, Felix Klein published a series of papers that he later placed under the rubric <i>anschauliche Geometrie</i> in the second volume of his collected works (1922). The present study attempts not only to follow the course of this work, but also to place it in a larger historical context. Methodologically, Klein’s approach had roots in Poncelet’s principle of continuity, though the more immediate influences on him came from his teachers, Plücker and Clebsch. In the 1860s, Clebsch reworked some of the central ideas in Riemann’s theory of Abelian functions to obtain complicated results for systems of algebraic curves, most published earlier by Hesse and Steiner. These findings played a major role in enumerative geometry, whereas Plücker’s work had a strongly qualitative character that imbued Klein’s early studies. A leitmotif in these works can be seen in the interplay between real curves and surfaces as reflected by their transformational properties. During the early 1870s, Klein and Zeuthen began to explore the possibility of deriving all possible forms for real cubic surfaces as well as quartic curves. They did so using continuity methods reminiscent of Poncelet’s earlier approach. Both authors also relied on visual arguments, which Klein would later advance under the banner of intuitive geometry (<i>anschauliche Geometrie</i>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50982,"journal":{"name":"Archive for History of Exact Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00407-024-00329-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0