Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"Description of a new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry","authors":"Colin Boisvert,&nbsp;Brian Curtice,&nbsp;Mathew Wedel,&nbsp;Ray Wilhite","doi":"10.1002/ar.25520","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new specimen of <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> is described based on bones excavated from the Late Jurassic Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry near Delta, Colorado. The specimen consists of seven dorsal vertebrae and a right tibia and is identified as <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> based on the dorsally angled transverse processes, tall neural arch peduncles, low parapophyses relative to the diapophyses in the posterior dorsal vertebrae, and the robustness of the tibia combined with a greatly expanded distal articular surface. The discovery adds to our understanding of the biostratigraphy of <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i>, showing this genus is definitively present in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, and making this individual the geologically youngest <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> specimen on the Colorado Plateau. The identification of this genus adds to the known diversity of sauropods at Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry (DMDQ), which is at least six distinct genera, making DMDQ the most diverse single locality of sauropods in the Morrison Formation and the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3782-3800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From slenderness to robustness: Understanding long bone shape in sigmodontine rodents","authors":"María José Tulli,&nbsp;Luz Valeria Carrizo","doi":"10.1002/ar.25521","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The morphological evolution of the appendicular skeleton may reflect the selective pressures specific to different environments, phylogenetic inheritance, or allometry. Covariation in bone shapes enhances morphological integration in response to ecological specializations. In contrast to previous multivariate studies using classical linear morphometry, we use a geometric morphometric approach to explore the morphological diversity of long bones and examine relationships between ecological categories and morphological characters in a species-rich and ecomorphologically diverse group of rodents. We examined the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibiofibula of 19 sigmodontine species with different locomotor types (ambulatory, quadrupedal-saltatorial, natatorial, semifossorial and scansorial) to investigate the influence of locomotor type and phylogeny on limb bone shape and morphological integration of the appendicular skeleton. This study represents the most detailed examination of the morphological diversity of long bones in sigmodontines, employing geometric morphometrics within an ecomorphological framework. Our results indicate that functional demands and evolutionary history jointly influence the shape of forelimb and hindlimb bones. The main variation in bone shape is associated with a slenderness-robustness gradient observed across all ecological categories. Quadrupedal-saltatorial species, with their need for agility, possess slender and elongated limbs, while natatorial and semifossorial species exhibit shorter and more robust bone shapes, suited for their respective environments. This gradient also influences bone covariation within limbs, demonstrating interconnectedness between elements. We found functional covariation between the ulna-tibiofibula and humerus-tibiofibula, likely important for propulsion, and anatomical covariation between the humerus-ulna and femur-tibiofibula, potentially reflecting overall limb structure. This study demonstrates that the versatile morphology of long bones in sigmodontines plays a critical role in their remarkable ecological and phylogenetic diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3830-3849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From masks to muscles: Mapping facial structure of Nycticebus","authors":"A. Weldon,&nbsp;A. M. Burrows,&nbsp;W. Wirdateti,&nbsp;T. P. Nugraha,&nbsp;N. Supriatna,&nbsp;Timothy D. Smith,&nbsp;K. A. I. Nekaris","doi":"10.1002/ar.25519","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial musculature in mammals underlies mastication and nonverbal communicative facial displays. Our understanding of primate facial expression comes primarily from haplorrhines (monkeys and apes), while our understanding of strepsirrhine (lemurs and lorises) facial expression remains incomplete. We examined the facial muscles of six specimens from three <i>Nycticebus</i> species (<i>Nycticebus coucang</i>, <i>Nycticebus javanicus</i>, and <i>Nycticebus menagensis</i>) using traditional dissection methodology and novel three-dimensional facial scanning to produce a detailed facial muscle map, and compared these results to another nocturnal strepsirrhine genus, the greater bushbaby (<i>Otolemur</i> spp.). We observed 19 muscles with no differences among <i>Nycticebus</i> specimens. A total of 17 muscles were observed in both <i>Nycticebus</i> and <i>Otolemur</i>, with little difference in attachment and function but some difference in directionality of movement. In the oral region, we note the presence of the depressor anguli oris, which has been reported in other primate species but is absent in <i>Otolemur</i>. The remaining muscle is a previously undescribed constrictor nasalis muscle located on the lateral nasal alar region, likely responsible for constriction of the nares. We propose this newly described muscle may relate to vomeronasal organ functioning and the importance of the use of nasal musculature in olfactory communication. We discuss how this combined methodology enabled imaging of small complex muscles. We further discuss how the facial anatomy of <i>Nycticebus</i> spp. relates to their unique physiology and behavioral ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3870-3883"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of bone structure in PEROMYSCUS: Effects of burrowing behavior","authors":"Lindsey A. Young,&nbsp;Emma Munro,&nbsp;Priya Somanchi,&nbsp;Abigail Bemis,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Smith,&nbsp;Sandra J. Shefelbine","doi":"10.1002/ar.25508","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compare the effects of burrowing behavior on appendicular bone structure in two <i>Peromyscus</i> (deer mouse) species. <i>P. polionotus</i> creates complex burrows in their territories, while <i>P. eremicus</i> is a non-burrowing nesting mouse. We examined museum specimens' bones of wild-caught mice of the two species and lab-reared <i>P. polionotus</i> not given the opportunity to burrow. Bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography, and cortical and trabecular bone structural properties were quantified. Wild <i>P. polionotus</i> mice had a larger moment of area in the ulnar and tibial cortical bone compared with their lab-reared counterparts, suggesting developmental adaptation to bending resistance. Wild <i>P. polionotus</i> had a larger normalized second moment of area and cross-sectional area in the tibia compared with <i>P. eremicus.</i> Tibial trabecular analysis showed lower trabecular thickness and spacing in wild <i>P. polionotus</i> than in <i>P. eremicus</i> and femoral analysis showed wild <i>P. polionotus</i> had lower thickness than <i>P. eremicus</i> and lower spacing than lab-reared <i>P. polionotus</i>, suggesting adaptation to high loads from digging. Results lay the groundwork for future exploration of the ontogenetic and evolutionary basis of mechanoadaptation in <i>Peromyscus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 11","pages":"3506-3518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomy Connected 2024 Scientific Abstracts","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ar.25522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 S1","pages":"S1-S201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entheseal surface (Sharpey's fiber insertion) alterations identify past trauma; bone base robusticity, level of routine activity","authors":"Bruce Rothschild","doi":"10.1002/ar.25515","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sharpey's fiber alterations, referred to as entheseal reaction or enthesopathy, have long been considered an indicator of daily activities. Such semantic transformation seems to conflate processes which alter the characteristics of tendonous and ligamentous attachments to bone with the rugosity and extent of their base/footprint. Rather than reflecting normal activities, it is suggested that surface reactions are actually the response to the application of sudden or unconditioned repetitive stresses—analogous to stress fractures. Thus, they are distinct from enlargement of the base/footprint, the bone remodeling process responsible for the robusticity of the area to which the enthesis attaches, which is actually a measure of actual muscle activity. Surface reactions in attachment areas represent injury, be it mechanical stress fracture-equivalents or inflammation-derived. Bone base/footprint is the reaction of the enthesis to stresses of routine physical activities. The character of underlying bone supporting Sharpey's fibers may be augmented by applied stress, but there is neither a physiologic mechanism nor is there evidence for significant addition of Sharpey's fibers beyond ontogeny. Behavior is responsible for the physiologic response of robusticity; spiculation, pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3884-3891"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141262854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the Sima de los Huesos was won","authors":"Juan-Luis Arsuaga,&nbsp;Ignacio Martínez,&nbsp;Ana Gracia-Téllez,&nbsp;José-Miguel Carretero,&nbsp;Alfonso Esquivel,&nbsp;Nuria García,&nbsp;Carlos Lorenzo,&nbsp;Rolf Quam,&nbsp;Arantza Aramburu,&nbsp;Nohemi Sala,&nbsp;Javier Trueba","doi":"10.1002/ar.25509","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the first discovery of a human fossil in the Sima de los Huesos took place in 1976, systematic excavations did not begin there until 1984. Since then, this site has been continuously excavated in month-long camps. The site is dated by different radiometric techniques to between 430,000 and 300,000 years ago. Until the 2023 campaign, just over 7000 human fossils have been recovered, constituting the largest collection of fossils prior to <i>Homo sapiens</i> ever discovered. The fossils correspond to a minimum of 29 individuals of both sexes and different ages at death, from preadolescents to a specimen of advanced age. Comparative anatomy and ancient DNA studies both suggest that this is a population closely related to <i>Homo neanderthalensis</i>. The great variety and extraordinary quality of the fossils recovered have allowed us to carry out a series of investigations that have greatly increased our knowledge about the evolution of <i>Homo</i> in the Middle Pleistocene. Among the most important discoveries, it has been possible to establish body size and proportions, the confirmation that the origin of the accumulation of human fossils was of an anthropic nature, that those past humans took care of disabled individuals and who were capable of having an oral language almost as complex and efficient as that of our own species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 7","pages":"2225-2245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic versus local patterns of limb joint articular morphology inferred from relative distances from morphological centroid","authors":"Haley Horbaly,&nbsp;Mark Hubbe","doi":"10.1002/ar.25506","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25506","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Joint morphogenesis is a complex process known to require the interaction of developmental cascades and mechanical loading, yet many details of this interaction are incompletely understood. While prior work has established populational patterns of joint morphological (co)variance, exploring how these patterns manifest within the individual provides information on the deployment of morphogenic processes as either systemic or local influences on joint shape. To better identify the patterns of variance-generating morphogenic processes, this study investigates the degree to which individual joint shapes deviate from population averages systematically across the body. Using three-dimensional landmark data from 200 adult skeletons, we ranked individuals based on their distances from morphological centroids for eight major joints. Spearman correlations assessed associations between ranks across various articular pairings, testing hypotheses regarding systemic versus localized variance. Results reveal low coordination between deviations observed in conarticular surfaces, functional analogs, and same-bone surfaces; however strong associations exist between antimeres, suggesting the left–right deployment of variance-generating morphogenic patterns is highly consistent. These results support a model of localized rather than systemic processes driving variation in joint shape. While more remains to be elucidated about the specifics of articular surface morphogenesis, these findings advance our understanding of the systems of variance generation at play during development and growth of our definitive joint morphology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 11","pages":"3519-3528"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagine","authors":"Juan Luis Arsuaga","doi":"10.1002/ar.25513","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25513","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Imagine that a human group is discovered that had not previously been contacted. A tribe, as they said before, lost and isolated that no one had news of, on some remote island or in some isolated place in the thickest of the jungles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Our curiosity would be enormous. We would like to know everything about this unknown humanity. For a start, their way of life, their economy, their diet. We would assume that they would have fire because all people on Earth have it and no modern human culture has ever been known to lack it.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We would certainly be interested in their technology, and no less in their language and customs. We would like to know everything about their social organization and their family life: Monogamous or non-monogamous? Assuming that they would have art, or at least personal decoration, we would want to know their cultural codes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And as soon as we could understand each other, we would question them about their illnesses, which they might attribute to spirits, and other more obvious causes of death, such as predators, parasites, hunger, cold, and violence. Do many attacks occur in your society? We would ask them. Is infanticide often practiced?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We would imagine that their lives would be dangerous, with a lot of child mortality, but that some lucky ones would reach the age of reproduction, have children, and raise them until they became adults, because otherwise those people would have gone extinct a long time ago.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But how many years would the elderly live? 50, 60, and 70 years? Surely no less than 50 years because some chimpanzees reach that age, and they belong to a species with a shorter life history than ours. But we would not expect that the elderly inhabitants of Atapuerca exceed 70 years of age, because there are very few individuals who live longer among modern societies of hunters and gatherers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And finally we would ask them: are funeral rituals practiced? What is done with the dead?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imagine now that this meeting has taken place, but not in a remote place on our planet, but in Western Europe, in Spain, specifically, just a few kilometers from the historic and important city of Burgos. And this is the story told in this special issue of Anatomical Record.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But this is not a population of our own species and our time, rather we are talking about a population of another species and another time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Because exactly that is what has happened in the Sima de los Huesos of the Cueva Mayor de la Sierra de Atapuerca, near Burgos, in the Spanish region of Castilla y León. There, the skeletons of about 30 complete individuals are being recovered, and little by little they are being reconstructed. The species is not ours, nor is the time ours, but the questions we ask the human beings whose skeletons we are rescuing are not very different from those we would ask them if they were alive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This is assuming they could talk, of course, that is, assuming they had a symbolic mind. And that ","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 7","pages":"2222-2224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does the shape of the wing and hindlimb bones of aquatic birds relate to their locomotor abilities?","authors":"Martin Segesdi,&nbsp;Delphine Brabant,&nbsp;Raphaël Cornette,&nbsp;Alexandra Houssaye","doi":"10.1002/ar.25512","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25512","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquatic birds represent diverse ecologies and locomotion types. Some became flightless or lost the ability for effective terrestrial locomotion, yet, certain species excel in water, on land, and in air, despite differing physical characteristics associated with each medium. In this exploratory study, we intend to quantitatively analyze the morphological variety of multiple limb bones of aquatic birds using 3D geometric morphometrics. Morphological variation is mainly driven by phylogeny, which also affects size and locomotion. However, the shape of the ulna, including the proportion and orientation of the epiphyses is influenced by size and aquatic propulsive techniques even when phylogeny is taken into consideration. Certain trends, possibly linked to functions, can be observed too in other bones, notably in cases where phylogenetic and functional signals are probably mixed when some taxa only englobe species with similar functional requirements: penguins exhibit the most distinctive wing bone morphologies, highly adapted to wing-propulsion; advanced foot-propellers exhibit femur morphology that reduces proximal mobility but supports stability; knee structures, like cnemial crests of varied sizes and orientations, are crucial for muscle attachments and efficient movement in water and on land; taxa relying on their feet in water but retaining terrestrial abilities share features enabling swimming and walking postures. Size-linked changes distinguish the wing bones of non-wing-propelled taxa. For hindlimbs, larger size relates to robust bones probably linked to terrestrial abilities, but robustness in femora can be connected to foot-propulsion. These results help us better understand birds' skeletal adaptation and can be useful inferring extinct species' ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3801-3829"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25512","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}