Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

Pseudosuchian thermometabolism: A review of the past two decades. 假性热代谢：近二十年的综述。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25609

Mathieu Gabriel Faure-Brac

{"title":"Pseudosuchian thermometabolism: A review of the past two decades.","authors":"Mathieu Gabriel Faure-Brac","doi":"10.1002/ar.25609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25609","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudosuchia, one of the two main clades of Archosauria, is today only represented by some 20 extant species, the crocodilians, representing only a fraction of its extinct diversity. Extant crocodilians are ectotherms but present morphological and anatomical features usually associated with endothermy. In 2004, it was proposed that pseudosuchians were ancestrally endothermic and the features observed in extant crocodilians are the remains of this lost legacy. This contribution has two parts: the first part covers 20 years of studies on this subject, first exploring the evidence for a loss of endothermy in extant crocodilians, before covering the variety of proxies used to infer the thermophymetabolic regime of extinct pseudosuchians. In the second part, the quantitative results of these previous studies are integrated into a comprehensive ancestral state reconstruction to discuss a potential scenario for the evolution of thermometabolism. Pseudosuchian endothermy would then have been lost close to the node Crocodylomorpha. The end-Triassic mass extinction is proposed to have played the role of a filter, leading to the extinction of endothermic pseudosuchians and the survival of ectothermic ones. This difference in survival in Pseudosuchia is compared to those of dinosaurs, and difference in their metabolism is also considered. Pseudosuchian endothermy might have been of a different level than the dinosaurian one and more studies are expected to clarify this question.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"315-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cranial morphology and phylogenetic reassessment of Barreirosuchus franciscoi (Crocodylomorpha, Notosuchia), a Peirosauria from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. 巴西晚白垩世一种鳄鱼纲（Barreirosuchus franciscoi, Notosuchia）颅骨形态及系统发育的再评价。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25607

Thiago S Fachini, Pedro L Godoy, Felipe C Montefeltro, Max C Langer

{"title":"Cranial morphology and phylogenetic reassessment of Barreirosuchus franciscoi (Crocodylomorpha, Notosuchia), a Peirosauria from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil.","authors":"Thiago S Fachini, Pedro L Godoy, Felipe C Montefeltro, Max C Langer","doi":"10.1002/ar.25607","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25607","url":null,"abstract":"With nearly 30 living species of relatively similar ecological traits, Crocodylomorpha is represented today by only a small fraction of its past diversity. The well-documented crocodylomorph fossil record has revealed more than 500 taxa, with much higher ecological and morphological diversity than their extant counterparts. An example of such astonishing diversity is the Late Cretaceous rocks of the Bauru Group (southeast Brazil), from which numerous taxa are known, belonging to the clade Notosuchia. These were predominantly terrestrial taxa, some of which exhibited traits associated with omnivorous or even herbivorous feeding behaviors, such as Sphagesauridae, whereas others were adapted to a carnivore diet, such as Baurusuchidae and Peirosauridae. Among these is Barreirosuchus franciscoi, originally described as a neosuchian (Trematochampsidae) but later interpreted as a peirosaurid notosuchian. Even though included in recent morphological and phylogenetic analyses, B. franciscoi still lacked a more detailed description. Here, we provide an in-depth description of the cranial elements of B. franciscoi, using data from computed tomography and a broad sample of comparative material, including living and fossil crocodylomorphs. Also, the neuro-cavities, including the endocast, nasopharyngeal duct, and the olfactory region, were digitally reconstructed. Finally, a new phylogenetic analysis recovered B. franciscoi nested within Peirosauria, forming the Itasuchidae clade with other potentially semiaquatic species: Rukwasuchus yajabalajekundu, Pepesuchus deiseae, and Itasuchus jesuinoi. The morphological and phylogenetic reassessment of B. franciscoi indicates a semiaquatic form, highlighting the ecological diversity of notosuchians from the Bauru Group as well as the capacity of notosuchians to explore a myriad of environments.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"736-769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142774613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrative paleophysiology of the metriorhynchoid Pelagosaurus typus (Pseudosuchia, Thalattosuchia). 元龙类 Pelagosaurus typus（伪龙类、萨拉托龙类）的综合古生理学。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25548

Jorge Cubo, Mariana V A Sena, Romain Pellarin, Mathieu G Faure-Brac, Paul Aubier, Cassandra Cheyron, Stéphane Jouve, Ronan Allain, Nour-Eddine Jalil

{"title":"Integrative paleophysiology of the metriorhynchoid Pelagosaurus typus (Pseudosuchia, Thalattosuchia).","authors":"Jorge Cubo, Mariana V A Sena, Romain Pellarin, Mathieu G Faure-Brac, Paul Aubier, Cassandra Cheyron, Stéphane Jouve, Ronan Allain, Nour-Eddine Jalil","doi":"10.1002/ar.25548","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25548","url":null,"abstract":"Paleophysiology is an emergent discipline. Organismic (integrative) approaches seem more appropriate than studies focusing on the variation of specific features because traits are tightly related in actual organisms. Here, we used such an organismic approach (including lifestyle, thermometabolism, and hunting behavior) to understand the paleobiology of the lower Jurassic (Toarcian) thalattosuchian metriorhynchoid Pelagosaurus typus. First, we show that the lifestyle (aquatic, amphibious, terrestrial) has an effect on the femoral compactness profiles in amniotes. The profile of Pelagosaurus indicates that it was amphibious, with a foraging activity in shallow marine environments (as suggested by the presence of salt glands) and thermoregulatory basking behavior in land (as suggested by the presence of osteoderms with highly developed ornamentation). As for the thermometabolism, we show that the mass-independent resting metabolic rate of Pelagosaurus is relatively high compared to the sample of extant ectothermic amniotes, but analysis of vascular canal diameter and inferences of red blood cell size refute the hypothesis suggesting incipient endothermy. Finally, the foraging behavior was inferred using two proxies. Pelagosaurus had a mass-independent maximum metabolic rate and an aerobic scope higher than those measured in the almost motionless Iguana iguana, similar to those measured in the sit-and-wait predator Crocodylus porosus but lower than those quantified in the active hunter Varanus gouldii. These results suggest that Pelagosaurus may have had a hunting behavior involving a slow sustained swimming or a patient waiting in shallow waters, and may have caught preys like gharials, using fast sideways sweeping motions of the head.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"394-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nothing "pseudo" about the Pseudosuchia-members of this extraordinary clade thunder again into the pages of The Anatomical Record. 关于这一非凡分支的假纲成员，没有任何“伪”的东西再次出现在《解剖学记录》的页面上。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25615

Jeffrey T Laitman, Heather F Smith

引用次数: 0

The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination. 钙的后果：研究美洲鳄皮层内生殖信号对性别决定的影响。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25533

Christian T Heck, Holly N Woodward

{"title":"The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination.","authors":"Christian T Heck, Holly N Woodward","doi":"10.1002/ar.25533","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25533","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying sex in extinct archosaurs has proven difficult due, in part, to low sample sizes, preservation biases, and methodology. While previous studies have largely focused on morphological traits, here we investigate intracortical signals of egg-shelling in extant alligators. Egg-shelling requires large mobilizations of calcium reserves. Aves utilize medullary tissue as a calcium reserve, whereas crocodylians mobilize calcium from cortical bone or osteoderms. If crocodylians derive calcium from bone cortices for egg-shelling, then egg-shelling events should be detectable in female crocodylian cortical bone. We examined mid-diaphyseal Alligator mississippiensis femoral bone cross-sections for signals of reproduction. Compaction and area of resorbed tissue were measured in femoral cross-sections from captive raised male (n = 10) and female (n = 29) A. mississippiensis of 26-27 years at age of death. This sample is more robust than previous studies, though reproductive history data is unknown. Femora from a small sample of wild caught male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) A. mississippiensis were also measured. Data were analyzed by pairwise t-tests between sex and captivity status. There was no significant difference in either compaction or resorbed tissue values between male and female alligators, regardless of habitat (wild or captive-raised). A reproductive signal was undetectable in this study and any quantifiable differences between sexes appears to be driven by size dimorphism. Cortical resorption rates in the femora of male and female alligators are reflective of normal aging processes and not indicative of egg-shelling during reproduction. Examination of younger alligators would clarify processes driving bone turnover during reproductively active years.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":"629-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? A case study of the mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui.

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25630

Molly Tumelty, Stephan Lautenschlager

{"title":"Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? A case study of the mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui.","authors":"Molly Tumelty, Stephan Lautenschlager","doi":"10.1002/ar.25630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25630","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the ecology of fossil species presents considerable challenges due to the often fragmentary preservation of specimens. The mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui from the Jurassic of China is known only from the cranium and mandible but may have had a fossorial lifestyle. It shares morphological similarities with talpid moles and soricid shrews and is closely related to other fossorial mammaliaforms. However, the lack of postcranial elements has so far precluded a definitive assessment regarding its fossorial behavior. Using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis of the lower mandible and finite element analyses of the cranium, comparisons between H. wui and extant groups are made. H. wui resembles talpid moles more closely than shrews in mandible shape. However, there are more similarities between H. wui and semi-fossorial/semi-aquatic moles than fully fossorial moles. The skull of H. wui is particularly weak in every tested biomechanical scenario when compared to the related mammaliaform Morganucodon oehleri and talpid moles. This weakness is potentially a result of the reduction in thickness of the zygomatic arch. In contrast, the shrew crania show similar stress magnitudes and distribution. These results imply that H. wui was not fully fossorial and fed on a diet of softer invertebrates. Skull morphology may therefore not be sufficient to infer fossoriality in forelimb-digging species.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull.

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25614

Valerie B DeLeon, Timothy D Smith

引用次数: 0

Exposed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae). 暴露的武器：剑齿虎（Megantereon）（猫科，Machairodontinae）面部解剖和生活面貌的修正重建。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25622

Mauricio Antón, Gema Siliceo, Juan Francisco Pastor, Qigao Jiangzuo, Manuel J Salesa

{"title":"Exposed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae).","authors":"Mauricio Antón, Gema Siliceo, Juan Francisco Pastor, Qigao Jiangzuo, Manuel J Salesa","doi":"10.1002/ar.25622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25622","url":null,"abstract":"Megantereon was a widespread saber-toothed felid from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Old World and North America, but its rarity in the fossil record makes it complicated to restore its life appearance. Lack of complete specimens makes it necessary to combine information from fossils of different individuals to reconstruct their facial anatomy. In this work, we combine the analysis of skulls and mandibles of Megantereon from various fossil sites with the study of extant carnivorans through dissection, 3D scans, and the observation of live individuals. Megantereon combined very elongated upper canines with mandibular flanges that were not deep enough to match the length of the sabers, as well as a wide maxilla combined with narrow incisor rows and mandibular symphysis. Such features are compatible with the presence of exposed canines in life, because the narrow symphysis allows room to accommodate lips and other soft tissues medial to the sabers, while the protrusion of the tips of the upper canines beyond the mental flanges makes it unlikely that they would be enveloped in soft tissue sheaths, which would dangle with the inherent risk of puncture. Megantereon was transitional between saber-toothed felids with covered upper canines, where saber length fits with mental flange depth, and the derived Smilodon where the upper canines are much longer than the flanges and the lips fit between upper canines and mandible, leaving the upper canine crowns largely exposed in life.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolonged or perpetual growth of replacement teeth in the rock hyrax. 长牙岩狸长时间或永久生长的替代牙齿

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25625

Timothy D Smith, Laura Bento Da Costa, Sarah E Downing, Christopher J Bonar, Anne M Burrows, Kristen A Prufrock, Christopher J Vinyard, Valerie B DeLeon

{"title":"Prolonged or perpetual growth of replacement teeth in the rock hyrax.","authors":"Timothy D Smith, Laura Bento Da Costa, Sarah E Downing, Christopher J Bonar, Anne M Burrows, Kristen A Prufrock, Christopher J Vinyard, Valerie B DeLeon","doi":"10.1002/ar.25625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25625","url":null,"abstract":"Tusks are ever-growing teeth present in mammals of the clade Paenungulata. Unlike the perpetually growing incisors of rodents, tusks are not used in mastication, and in at least some paenungulatans, the tusk is composed of dentin alone in adults. Few studies have provided tissue-level information on tusks of adult paenungulatans with embedding techniques that identify epithelial and other soft tissues. In order to examine the mineralized tissues as well as the cells that form teeth, we studied a single, subadult rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) using microCT and paraffin histology with traditional staining as well as RUNX2 immunohistochemistry, and compared its teeth to scans of adult hyraxes. Three-dimensional reconstructions from microCT volumes revealed that the tusk of this specimen is the only fully erupted replacement tooth, the first adult premolar (P1) is starting to erupt, and the first permanent molar (M1) is fully erupted, whereas all other replacement teeth and M2 remain in crypts. The tusk has a thin layer of enamel on its dorsal side; this is confirmed by histology. All deciduous premolars still possess roots that are in the process of resorption. Amelogenesis has progressed to maturation or nearly so in P1-P3. Notable histological characteristics of replacement premolars include the lack of a stellate reticulum in all except P4, and expression of RUNX2 in ameloblasts, a marker which is expressed by ameloblasts at all stages of amelogenesis. Since the pulp chambers of replacement premolars are relatively large compared to adults, a lengthy time in crypts may be important for dentin production. The results confirm that the hyrax has thin enamel on tusks, supporting the hypothesis that enamel is of limited importance for non-feeding behaviors.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Germinative dynamic, seasonality, and polyandry: A dive in neotropical point-belly frog reproduction. 发芽动态，季节性和一妻多夫制：新热带尖腹蛙繁殖的潜水。

IF 1.8 4区医学

Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25627

Rafael O A Bordin, Classius de Oliveira, Raquel F Domeniconi

{"title":"Germinative dynamic, seasonality, and polyandry: A dive in neotropical point-belly frog reproduction.","authors":"Rafael O A Bordin, Classius de Oliveira, Raquel F Domeniconi","doi":"10.1002/ar.25627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25627","url":null,"abstract":"Complexity and reproductive plasticity are very well-known characteristics of anurans. The group is being continuously explored taxonomically and phylogenetically, which leads to a great potential diversity not yet uncovered. This is particularly evident due to the lack of investigation regarding species-specific traits, even the ones well distributed in the lineages as polyandry. Although the climate and environment affect reproductive variability, each species has unique dynamics, and a deeper understanding of their reproductive cycles is essential for meaningful comparisons and recognition of patterns within the extensive variability observed in anurans. Given this context, the present study examined the reproductive and environmental parameters of the polyandrous species Leptodactylus podicipinus throughout its reproductive cycle over two consecutive years. The objective was to characterize the species' reproductive dynamics and compare them with phylogenetically related species and other polyandrous species, aiming to explore patterns and the influence of polyandry on anuran reproduction. The main reproductive activity of L. podicipinus was during the months with greater rainfall, from October to February. The seminiferous epithelium presented a higher mean of final germinative cells (spermatozoa) in the reproductive period (October-February) and early germinative cells (spermatocytes I and spermatids) in the non-reproductive period (March-September). Among the climatic parameters tested, rainfall was the only one significantly related to reproductive outcomes. Two distinct germinative patterns were identified between polyandric and non-polyandric species compared. Polyandry is certainly a trait that plays a significant role in shaping gametogenesis and the evolution of animals with this reproductive attribute.","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0