Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination","authors":"Christian T. Heck,&nbsp;Holly N. Woodward","doi":"10.1002/ar.25533","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25533","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying sex in extinct archosaurs has proven difficult due, in part, to low sample sizes, preservation biases, and methodology. While previous studies have largely focused on morphological traits, here we investigate intracortical signals of egg-shelling in extant alligators. Egg-shelling requires large mobilizations of calcium reserves. Aves utilize medullary tissue as a calcium reserve, whereas crocodylians mobilize calcium from cortical bone or osteoderms. If crocodylians derive calcium from bone cortices for egg-shelling, then egg-shelling events should be detectable in female crocodylian cortical bone. We examined mid-diaphyseal <i>Alligator mississippiensis</i> femoral bone cross-sections for signals of reproduction. Compaction and area of resorbed tissue were measured in femoral cross-sections from captive raised male (<i>n</i> = 10) and female (<i>n</i> = 29) <i>A. mississippiensis</i> of 26–27 years at age of death. This sample is more robust than previous studies, though reproductive history data is unknown. Femora from a small sample of wild caught male (<i>n</i> = 6) and female (<i>n</i> = 6) <i>A. mississippiensis</i> were also measured. Data were analyzed by pairwise <i>t</i>-tests between sex and captivity status. There was no significant difference in either compaction or resorbed tissue values between male and female alligators, regardless of habitat (wild or captive-raised). A reproductive signal was undetectable in this study and any quantifiable differences between sexes appears to be driven by size dimorphism. Cortical resorption rates in the femora of male and female alligators are reflective of normal aging processes and not indicative of egg-shelling during reproduction. Examination of younger alligators would clarify processes driving bone turnover during reproductively active years.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"629-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical modeling of musculoskeletal function related to the terrestrial locomotion of Riojasuchus tenuisceps (Archosauria: Ornithosuchidae)","authors":"M. Belen von Baczko,&nbsp;Juned Zariwala,&nbsp;Sarah Elizabeth Ballentine,&nbsp;Julia B. Desojo,&nbsp;John R. Hutchinson","doi":"10.1002/ar.25528","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Riojasuchus tenuisceps</i> was a pseudosuchian archosaur from the Late Triassic period in Argentina. Like other ornithosuchids, it had unusual morphology such as a unique “crocodile-reversed” ankle joint, a lesser trochanter as in dinosaurs and a few other archosaurs, robust vertebrae, and somewhat shortened, gracile forelimbs. Such traits have fuelled controversies about its locomotor function—were its limbs erect or “semi-erect”? Was it quadrupedal or bipedal, or a mixture thereof? These controversies seem to persist because analyses have been qualitative (functional morphology) or correlative (morphometrics) rather than explicitly, quantitatively testing mechanistic hypotheses about locomotor function. Here, we develop a 3D whole-body model of <i>R. tenuisceps</i> with the musculoskeletal apparatus of the hindlimbs represented in detail using a new muscle reconstruction. We use this model to quantify the body dimensions and hindlimb muscle leverages of this enigmatic taxon, and to estimate joint ranges of motion and qualitative joint functions. Our model supports prior arguments that <i>R. tenuisceps</i> used an erect posture, parasagittal gait and plantigrade pes. However, some of our inferences illuminate the rather contradictory nature of evidence from the musculoskeletal system of <i>R. tenuisceps</i>—different features support (or are ambiguous regarding) quadrupedalism or bipedalism. Deeper analyses of our biomechanical model could move toward a consensus regarding ornithosuchid locomotion. Answering these questions would not only help understand the palaeobiology and bizarre morphology of this clade, but also more broadly if (or how) locomotor abilities played a role in the survival versus extinction of various archosaur lineages during the end-Triassic mass extinction event.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"369-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comparative and functional anatomy of the forelimb muscle architecture of Humboldt's woolly monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha)","authors":"Andrew S. Deane,&nbsp;Magdalena N. Muchlinski,&nbsp;Jason M. Organ,&nbsp;Evie Vereecke,&nbsp;Vanya Bistrekova,&nbsp;Lindsey Hays,&nbsp;Timothy Butterfield","doi":"10.1002/ar.25514","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humboldt's woolly monkey (<i>Lagothrix lagortricha</i>) is a ceboid primate that more frequently engages in plantigrade quadrupedalism (~89%) but is, like most other members of the subfamily Atelinae, capable of suspensory postures and “tail assisted” brachiation. That taxon's decreased reliance on suspension is reflected in the skeletal anatomy of the upper limb which is less derived relative to more frequently suspensory atelines (<i>Ateles</i>, <i>Brachyteles</i>) but is in many ways (i.e., phalangeal curvature, enlarged joint surfaces, elongated diaphyses) intermediate between highly suspensory and quadrupedal anthropoids. Although it has been suggested that muscle may have morphogenetic primacy with respect to bone this has not been explicitly tested. The present study employs analyses of <i>Lagothrix</i> upper limb muscle fiber length, relative physiological cross-sectional area and relative muscle mass to test whether muscular adaptations for suspensory postures and locomotion in <i>Lagothrix</i> precede adaptive refinements in the skeletal tissues or appear more gradually in conjunction with related skeletal adaptations. Results demonstrate that <i>Lagothrix</i> upper limb musculature is most like committed quadrupeds but that limited aspects of the relative distribution of segmental muscle mass may approach suspensory hylobatids consistent with only a limited adaptive response in musculature prior to bone. Results specific to the shoulder were inconclusive owing to under-representation of quadrupedal shoulder musculature and future work should be focused more specifically on the adaptive and functional morphology of the muscular anatomy and microstructure of the scapulothoracic joint complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3850-3869"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25514","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141472283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesencephalic trigeminal neuron dendritic structures in the macaque","authors":"Niping Wang,&nbsp;Susan Warren,&nbsp;Paul J. May","doi":"10.1002/ar.25523","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is presumed that the unusual central location of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons is a specialization that allows them to receive synaptic input. However, relatively few synaptic terminals were observed on the somata of mesencephalic trigeminal neurons in macaque monkeys via electron microscopy. This leaves the question of dendritic synaptic terminals open. Unlike the pseudounipolar neurons found in the trigeminal ganglion, some mesencephalic trigeminal neurons have been reported to be multipolar cells exhibiting a number of dendritic processes in non-primate species. To examine whether this morphological feature was also present in macaque monkeys, we retrogradely filled these cells with biotinylated dextran amine by injecting it into the trigeminal nerve entry zone. A portion of the mesencephalic trigeminal neurons exhibited short, poorly branched, dendritic processes. They also exhibited very fine, short processes believed to be somatic spines. Thus, primate trigeminal mesencephalic neurons appear to have specializations aimed at increasing the membrane surface area available for synaptic input.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 1","pages":"180-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical correlates for the newly discovered meningeal layer in the existing literature: A systematic review","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Ravi K. Narayan,&nbsp;Banshi Nath,&nbsp;Ashok K. Datusalia,&nbsp;Ashok K. Rastogi,&nbsp;Rakesh K. Jha,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar,&nbsp;Vikas Pareek,&nbsp;Pranav Prasoon,&nbsp;Muneeb A. Faiq,&nbsp;Prabhat Agrawal,&nbsp;Surya Nandan Prasad,&nbsp;Chiman Kumari,&nbsp;Adil Asghar","doi":"10.1002/ar.25524","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25524","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existence of a previously unrecognized subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM) was reported in a recent study. SLYM is described as an intermediate leptomeningeal layer between the arachnoid and pia mater in mouse and human brains, which divides the subarachnoid space (SAS) into two functional compartments. Being a macroscopic structure, having missed detection in previous studies is surprising. We systematically reviewed the published reports in animals and humans to explore whether prior descriptions of this meningeal layer were reported in some way. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases using combinations of <i>MeSH</i> terms and keywords with Boolean operators from inception until 31 December 2023. We found at least eight studies that provided structural evidence of an intermediate leptomeningeal layer in the brain or spinal cord. However, unequivocal descriptions for this layer all along the central nervous system were scarce. Obscure names like the epipial, intermediate meningeal, outer pial layers, or intermediate lamella were used to describe it. Its microscopic/ultrastructural details closely resemble the recently reported SLYM. We further examined the counterarguments in current literature that are skeptical of the existence of this layer. The potential physiological and clinical implications of this new meningeal layer are significant, underscoring the urgent need for further exploration of its structural and functional details.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 1","pages":"191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranial musculature of batoids: A standardized nomenclature","authors":"C. Ramírez-Díaz,&nbsp;M. A. Kolmann,&nbsp;C. M. Peredo,&nbsp;V. H. Cruz-Escalona,&nbsp;R. Peña","doi":"10.1002/ar.25527","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25527","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Batoids (rays and skates) are cartilaginous fishes whose jaws are not articulated directly to the neurocranium. The only point of contact between them are the hyomandibular cartilages, resulting in a unique mandibular suspension called euhyostyly. Due to this decoupling of the jaws from the skull, muscles play an essential role in modulating mandibular movements during the feeding process, especially during mandibular protrusion. The main objectives of our study were: (1) to examine the mandibular musculature of eight batoid species from different orders in the Batoidea and (2) establish a standardized musclulature terminology for future comparative myological studies in batoids. For each muscle bundle, the general characteristics of each cranial muscle were described and their origin and insertions were identified. The number of muscle bundles differed intraspecifically. On the dorsal surface, we reported the first evidence of the presence of the precranial muscle (PCM) in <i>U. halleri</i>, as well as the ethmoideo-parethmoidalis muscle (ETM) in <i>R. velezi</i>, <i>P. glaugostigma</i> and <i>Z. exasperata</i>; in addition, the insertion of the spiracularis muscle (SP) extended to the ventral surface of the oropharyngeal tract in myliobatiforms. On the ventral surface of the head, both <i>N. entemedor</i> and <i>M. californica</i> exhibited additional muscles in the mandibular area. These muscles were renamed as part of the standardization of mandibular terminology: the depressor mandibularis minor (DMM) in <i>N. entemedor</i> and the adductor mandibulae profundus (AMP) in <i>M. californica</i>. The standardization of terminology is essential for futures studies of the mandibular apparatus in batoids, to facilitate the morphological description of muscles in species without anatomical accounts and for continuity in broader comparative analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 1","pages":"163-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141460556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of a new specimen of Haplocanthosaurus from the Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry","authors":"Colin Boisvert,&nbsp;Brian Curtice,&nbsp;Mathew Wedel,&nbsp;Ray Wilhite","doi":"10.1002/ar.25520","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25520","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new specimen of <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> is described based on bones excavated from the Late Jurassic Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry near Delta, Colorado. The specimen consists of seven dorsal vertebrae and a right tibia and is identified as <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> based on the dorsally angled transverse processes, tall neural arch peduncles, low parapophyses relative to the diapophyses in the posterior dorsal vertebrae, and the robustness of the tibia combined with a greatly expanded distal articular surface. The discovery adds to our understanding of the biostratigraphy of <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i>, showing this genus is definitively present in the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation, and making this individual the geologically youngest <i>Haplocanthosaurus</i> specimen on the Colorado Plateau. The identification of this genus adds to the known diversity of sauropods at Dry Mesa Dinosaur Quarry (DMDQ), which is at least six distinct genera, making DMDQ the most diverse single locality of sauropods in the Morrison Formation and the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3782-3800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141421797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From slenderness to robustness: Understanding long bone shape in sigmodontine rodents","authors":"María José Tulli,&nbsp;Luz Valeria Carrizo","doi":"10.1002/ar.25521","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25521","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The morphological evolution of the appendicular skeleton may reflect the selective pressures specific to different environments, phylogenetic inheritance, or allometry. Covariation in bone shapes enhances morphological integration in response to ecological specializations. In contrast to previous multivariate studies using classical linear morphometry, we use a geometric morphometric approach to explore the morphological diversity of long bones and examine relationships between ecological categories and morphological characters in a species-rich and ecomorphologically diverse group of rodents. We examined the humerus, ulna, femur, and tibiofibula of 19 sigmodontine species with different locomotor types (ambulatory, quadrupedal-saltatorial, natatorial, semifossorial and scansorial) to investigate the influence of locomotor type and phylogeny on limb bone shape and morphological integration of the appendicular skeleton. This study represents the most detailed examination of the morphological diversity of long bones in sigmodontines, employing geometric morphometrics within an ecomorphological framework. Our results indicate that functional demands and evolutionary history jointly influence the shape of forelimb and hindlimb bones. The main variation in bone shape is associated with a slenderness-robustness gradient observed across all ecological categories. Quadrupedal-saltatorial species, with their need for agility, possess slender and elongated limbs, while natatorial and semifossorial species exhibit shorter and more robust bone shapes, suited for their respective environments. This gradient also influences bone covariation within limbs, demonstrating interconnectedness between elements. We found functional covariation between the ulna-tibiofibula and humerus-tibiofibula, likely important for propulsion, and anatomical covariation between the humerus-ulna and femur-tibiofibula, potentially reflecting overall limb structure. This study demonstrates that the versatile morphology of long bones in sigmodontines plays a critical role in their remarkable ecological and phylogenetic diversification.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3830-3849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141321846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From masks to muscles: Mapping facial structure of Nycticebus","authors":"A. Weldon,&nbsp;A. M. Burrows,&nbsp;W. Wirdateti,&nbsp;T. P. Nugraha,&nbsp;N. Supriatna,&nbsp;Timothy D. Smith,&nbsp;K. A. I. Nekaris","doi":"10.1002/ar.25519","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25519","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Facial musculature in mammals underlies mastication and nonverbal communicative facial displays. Our understanding of primate facial expression comes primarily from haplorrhines (monkeys and apes), while our understanding of strepsirrhine (lemurs and lorises) facial expression remains incomplete. We examined the facial muscles of six specimens from three <i>Nycticebus</i> species (<i>Nycticebus coucang</i>, <i>Nycticebus javanicus</i>, and <i>Nycticebus menagensis</i>) using traditional dissection methodology and novel three-dimensional facial scanning to produce a detailed facial muscle map, and compared these results to another nocturnal strepsirrhine genus, the greater bushbaby (<i>Otolemur</i> spp.). We observed 19 muscles with no differences among <i>Nycticebus</i> specimens. A total of 17 muscles were observed in both <i>Nycticebus</i> and <i>Otolemur</i>, with little difference in attachment and function but some difference in directionality of movement. In the oral region, we note the presence of the depressor anguli oris, which has been reported in other primate species but is absent in <i>Otolemur</i>. The remaining muscle is a previously undescribed constrictor nasalis muscle located on the lateral nasal alar region, likely responsible for constriction of the nares. We propose this newly described muscle may relate to vomeronasal organ functioning and the importance of the use of nasal musculature in olfactory communication. We discuss how this combined methodology enabled imaging of small complex muscles. We further discuss how the facial anatomy of <i>Nycticebus</i> spp. relates to their unique physiology and behavioral ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3870-3883"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25519","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of bone structure in PEROMYSCUS: Effects of burrowing behavior","authors":"Lindsey A. Young,&nbsp;Emma Munro,&nbsp;Priya Somanchi,&nbsp;Abigail Bemis,&nbsp;Stephanie M. Smith,&nbsp;Sandra J. Shefelbine","doi":"10.1002/ar.25508","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25508","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We compare the effects of burrowing behavior on appendicular bone structure in two <i>Peromyscus</i> (deer mouse) species. <i>P. polionotus</i> creates complex burrows in their territories, while <i>P. eremicus</i> is a non-burrowing nesting mouse. We examined museum specimens' bones of wild-caught mice of the two species and lab-reared <i>P. polionotus</i> not given the opportunity to burrow. Bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography, and cortical and trabecular bone structural properties were quantified. Wild <i>P. polionotus</i> mice had a larger moment of area in the ulnar and tibial cortical bone compared with their lab-reared counterparts, suggesting developmental adaptation to bending resistance. Wild <i>P. polionotus</i> had a larger normalized second moment of area and cross-sectional area in the tibia compared with <i>P. eremicus.</i> Tibial trabecular analysis showed lower trabecular thickness and spacing in wild <i>P. polionotus</i> than in <i>P. eremicus</i> and femoral analysis showed wild <i>P. polionotus</i> had lower thickness than <i>P. eremicus</i> and lower spacing than lab-reared <i>P. polionotus</i>, suggesting adaptation to high loads from digging. Results lay the groundwork for future exploration of the ontogenetic and evolutionary basis of mechanoadaptation in <i>Peromyscus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 11","pages":"3506-3518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}