Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"Distribution and morphology of serotonin transporter-immunoreactive type I cells in the rat carotid body","authors":"Takuya Yokoyama,&nbsp;Sayed Sharif Abdali,&nbsp;Nobuaki Nakamuta,&nbsp;Yoshio Yamamoto","doi":"10.1002/ar.25575","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25575","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study reexamined the immunolocalization of membranous serotonin transporter (SERT) in the rat carotid body, and demonstrated SERT-immunoreactive cells of unreported morphology. SERT was immunohistochemically localized in a very small population of cell clusters or single type I cells (2.8%) immunoreactive for synaptophysin, the marker of these cells. Intense SERT immunoreactivity outlined the perinuclear cytoplasm and multiple cytoplasmic processes of type I cells. Of SERT-immunoreactive type I cells, 14.6% and 32.6% were immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase, respectively, while 75.9% were immunoreactive for serotonin (5-HT). 5-HT-immunoreactive products were localized in cell bodies rather than cytoplasmic processes. SERT-immunoreactive type I cells were composed of an oval cell body with multiple threads and spherical or elongated cytoplasmic processes. Clusters or single SERT-immunoreactive type I cells were localized between or attached to other TH-immunoreactive type I cells by cell bodies or variform cytoplasmic processes. SERT-immunoreactive type I cells mainly contained bassoon-immunoreactive products in their cell bodies rather than their variform cytoplasmic processes. These results demonstrated the characteristic morphology of SERT-immunoreactive type I cells, which extend multiple cytoplasmic processes with variform terminal parts. Their morphology might be suitable for uptake of 5-HT to control the serotonergic modulation in the carotid body.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1504-1516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal labyrinth morphology of four species of living elasmobranchs","authors":"Jordyn Neal,&nbsp;Samantha Rodrigues,&nbsp;John S. S. Denton,&nbsp;Allison Bronson","doi":"10.1002/ar.25582","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25582","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite detailed descriptions of cranial anatomy in representatives of most major chondrichthyan groups, the inner ear has been described infrequently and most often from the soft tissue of the membranous labyrinth. However, skeletal labyrinth morphology has been linked with ecology in several groups of vertebrates, and shark skeletal labyrinths bear several specializations for detecting low frequency sounds. Without description of these structures across a broad sample of taxa, future exploration of the ecomorphology of ear shape is not possible. We used high-resolution CT scanning to generate three-dimensional models of the endocranial anatomy in four elasmobranchs: the Nurse Shark (<i>Ginglymostoma cirratum</i>), the Japanese Tope Shark (<i>Hemitriakis japanica</i>), the Horn Shark (<i>Heterodontus francisci</i>), and the Zebra Shark (<i>Stegostoma tigrinum</i>). Major differences are apparent between the skeletal labyrinths of these taxa, which might be ascribed to either phylogenetic history or lifestyle. In particular, the size of the skeletal labyrinth relative to the cranium dramatically differs among these chondrichthyans, as does the diameter and angle of the semicircular canals and the size of the canals relative to the vestibule. Based on the separation of the anterior and posterior semicircular canals, and the lack thereof in <i>S</i>. <i>tigrinum</i>, the degree of specialization for low frequency sound detection may also vary.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1319-1330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There are no deciduous molars: A comment on human molariform dental terminology","authors":"Josivaldo Bezerra Soares,&nbsp;Elayne Cristina de Oliveira Ribeiro,&nbsp;José Jailson Costa Do Nascimento,&nbsp;Eulâmpio José Da Silva Neto","doi":"10.1002/ar.25581","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1529-1535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142331829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical description of a pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps (Cetacea: Kogiidae), pre-term calf using CT scan and 3D reconstructions","authors":"Lara Bennati-Madureira,&nbsp;Gabriel Leandro Gomes,&nbsp;Kellen Adriana Curci Daros,&nbsp;André Luis da Silva Casas","doi":"10.1002/ar.25573","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25573","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Little is known about the biology of pygmy sperm whales, <i>Kogia breviceps</i> (De Blainville, 1838), being that most anatomical descriptions for the species derive from necropsy after stranding or from osteological material preserved in museums. This species is rarely seen despite its wide distribution, and its reproductive behaviour is still being investigated. The eventual occurrence of pregnant female strandings and the collection and description of foetuses can give clues about the organisms' mostly unknown early development. However, this type of biological material is extremely rare, limiting anatomical analysis due to the risk of damage or loss. Here, we describe the external and internal anatomy of an 84 cm long <i>K. breviceps</i> foetus. The methods utilised were non-intrusive, meaning that no incisions were made on the specimen. The foetus was analysed using computed tomography images and a three-dimensional reconstruction of the skeleton. A great number of features were observed, such as axial and appendicular skeletal structures, internal organs, echolocation apparatus and umbilical cord, as well as diagnostic characters of the species, such as the asymmetrical skull, spermaceti chamber and false gill pigmentation. We suggest that more specimens on different stages of development should be analysed by the same technique, as well as further comparison with specimens from other taxa, in order to facilitate more comparative studies on embryonic and foetal development of cetaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1305-1318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cranial anatomy of Acynodon adriaticus and extreme durophagous adaptations in Eusuchia (Reptilia: Crocodylomorpha)","authors":"Marco Muscioni,&nbsp;Alfio Alessandro Chiarenza,&nbsp;Diego Bladimir Haro Fernandez,&nbsp;Diego Dreossi,&nbsp;Flavio Bacchia,&nbsp;Federico Fanti","doi":"10.1002/ar.25574","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Acynodon adriaticus</i>, a small eusuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Italy, is known for its well-preserved cranial and postcranial material. Despite its excellent preservation, many details remain hidden due to the physical overlap between the elements and matrix obliteration. We used Micro-CT scans to reveal previously overlooked anatomical features and describe in detail the cranial and dental anatomy of this taxon, shedding new light on its palaeoecology. The holotypic specimen, SC 57248, represents a mature individual exhibiting signs of hyperossification, developed ornamentation, and various pathologies, including jaw arthritis and a possible dental anomaly. <i>Acynodon adriaticus</i> exhibits significant durophagous adaptations, including a robust, brevirostrine skull optimized for powerful biting and stress-load capacity. Its specialized dentition, lacking caniniform teeth, features anterior chisel-like teeth and hypertrophic posterior molariforms with thick enamel, indicative of a diet specializing in hard-shelled prey. The dentition pattern, accelerated molariform replacement rate, and reduced orbit size suggest adaptations for durophagous foraging in turbid, densely vegetated aquatic environments. The paleoecological context during the Late Cretaceous, characterized by increased freshwater habitats and high invertebrate diversity, likely facilitated the evolution of such specialized traits in <i>A</i>. <i>adriaticus</i>. This small crocodylomorph likely foraged slowly in shallow, benthic environments, using its powerful bite to process mollusks and large arthropods. The study of <i>A</i>. <i>adriaticus</i>, along with comparisons with other crocodylomorphs and ecomorphologically similar taxa like <i>Iharkutosuchus makadii</i> and <i>Gnatusuchus pebasensis</i>, provides a valuable morphofunctional model for understanding the evolutionary pathways of extinct crocodylians to durophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"307 12","pages":"3653-3684"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations to peritubular capillary structure in a rat model of kidney interstitial fibrosis: Implications for oxygen diffusion","authors":"Sarah E. Gazzard,&nbsp;Luise A. Cullen-McEwen,&nbsp;Marina Nikulina,&nbsp;Arnold B. Clever,&nbsp;Bruce S. Gardiner,&nbsp;David W. Smith,&nbsp;Chang-Joon Lee,&nbsp;Jens R. Nyengaard,&nbsp;Roger G. Evans,&nbsp;John F. Bertram","doi":"10.1002/ar.25576","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25576","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fibrosis and loss of functional capillary surface area may contribute to renal tissue hypoxia in a range of kidney diseases. However, there is limited quantitative information on the impact of kidney disease on the barriers to oxygen diffusion from cortical peritubular capillaries (PTCs) to kidney epithelial tubules. Here, we used stereological methods to quantify changes in total cortical PTC length and surface area, PTC length and surface densities, and diffusion distances between PTCs and kidney tubules in adenine-induced kidney injury. After 7 days of oral gavage of adenine (100 mg), plasma creatinine was 3.5-fold greater than in vehicle-treated rats, while total kidney weight was 83% greater. The total length of PTCs was similar in adenine-treated (1.47 ± 0.23 km (mean ± standard deviation)) to vehicle-treated (1.24 ± 0.24 km) rats, as was the surface density of PTCs (0.025 ± 0.002 vs. 0.024 ± 0.004 μm²/μm³). The total surface area of PTCs was 69% greater in adenine-treated than vehicle-treated rats. However, the length density of PTCs was 28% less in adenine-treated than vehicle-treated rats. Diffusion distances, from PTCs to the basal membrane of the nearest renal tubule (108%), and to the mid-point of the cytoplasmic height of the nearest tubular epithelial cell (57%), were markedly increased. These findings indicate that, in adenine-induced kidney injury, expansion of the renal cortical interstitium increases the distance required for diffusion of oxygen from PTCs to tubules, rendering the kidney cortex susceptible to hypoxia.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1492-1503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endocranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the crocodylian Eosuchus lerichei from the late Paleocene of northwestern Europe and potential adaptations for transoceanic dispersal in gavialoids","authors":"Paul M. J. Burke,&nbsp;Sophie A. Boerman,&nbsp;Gwendal Perrichon,&nbsp;Jeremy E. Martin,&nbsp;Thierry Smith,&nbsp;Johan Vellekoop,&nbsp;Philip D. Mannion","doi":"10.1002/ar.25569","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Eosuchus lerichei</i> is a gavialoid crocodylian from late Paleocene marine deposits of northwestern Europe, known from a skull and lower jaws, as well as postcrania. Its sister taxon relationship with the approximately contemporaneous species <i>Eosuchus minor</i> from the east coast of the USA has been explained through transoceanic dispersal, indicating a capability for salt excretion that is absent in extant gavialoids. However, there is currently no anatomical evidence to support marine adaptation in extinct gavialoids. Furthermore, the placement of <i>Eosuchus</i> within Gavialoidea is labile, with some analyses supporting affinities with the Late Cretaceous to early Paleogene “thoracosaurs.” Here we present novel data on the internal and external anatomy of the skull of <i>E. lerichei</i> that enables a revised diagnosis, with 6 autapormorphies identified for the genus and 10 features that enable differentiation of the species from <i>Eosuchus minor</i>. Our phylogenetic analyses recover <i>Eosuchus</i> as an early diverging gavialid gavialoid that is not part of the “thoracosaur” group. In addition to thickened semi-circular canal walls of the endosseous labyrinth and paratympanic sinus reduction, we identify potential osteological correlates for salt glands in the internal surface of the prefrontal and lacrimal bones of <i>E. lerichei</i>. These salt glands potentially provide anatomical evidence for the capability of transoceanic dispersal within <i>Eosuchus</i>, and we also identify them in the Late Cretaceous “thoracosaur” <i>Portugalosuchus</i>. Given that the earliest diverging and stratigraphically oldest gavialoids either have evidence for a nasal salt gland and/or have been recovered from marine deposits, this suggests the capacity for salt excretion might be ancestral for Gavialoidea. Mapping osteological and geological evidence for marine adaptation onto a phylogeny indicates that there was probably more than one independent loss/reduction in the capacity for salt excretion in gavialoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"636-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142127239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal muscle activity affects the deformity of long bone morphology in lathyritic chick embryo","authors":"Maki Yuguchi,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamazaki,&nbsp;Bin Honjo,&nbsp;Keitaro Isokawa","doi":"10.1002/ar.25571","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25571","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Embryonic muscle activity is involved in various aspects of bone morphogenesis and growth. Normal mechanical stimuli of muscle contraction are important in most cases, and when the muscles are immobilized, the developing bones are abnormally shaped. In chick embryos, a characteristic curved deformity is reproducibly induced in the developing tibiotarsus using the bone-weakening agent, beta-aminopropionitrile (bAPN). In this study, we applied decamethonium bromide (DMB), a well-established neuromuscular blocking agent, to embryos treated with bAPN, to test the hypothesis that the deformity is triggered and formed depending on the balance between the decrease in stiffness of the bAPN-affected tibiotarsus and the normal physiological increase in embryonic skeletal muscle activity. The occurrence of curved morphology induced by bAPN administered at 4 or 8 days of incubation (embryonic day [ED]) was temporally consistent with the posterior displacement of the leg muscles, which occurred just before ED8. The displaced muscles were assumed to exert a contraction force comparable to that of untreated normal muscles. When treated with DMB at ED8, the muscles atrophied and exhibited degenerative changes, and the degree of curved morphology was alleviated and reduced to 50% or more in the morphometric evaluation at ED10. These findings indicated that the coordinated development of skeletal element stiffness and muscle activity must be temporally regulated, particularly during the early stages of skeletogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1480-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142120967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Peirosauridae (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous), with a revised phylogenetic analysis of Sebecia","authors":"Juan V. Ruiz,&nbsp;Marcos V. L. Queiroz,&nbsp;Kawan C. Martins,&nbsp;Pedro L. Godoy,&nbsp;Fabiano V. Iori,&nbsp;Max C. Langer,&nbsp;Felipe C. Montefeltro,&nbsp;Mario Bronzati","doi":"10.1002/ar.25559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peirosauridae (Crocodyliformes, Notosuchia) is one of the fossil lineages of crocodyliforms ubiquitous in the Cretaceous deposits of the Bauru Basin. Here, we describe a new species of a longirostrine Peirosauridae from the Adamantina Formation (Bauru Basin, Late Cretaceous). The specimen consists of a partially preserved skull with a cranial roof, interorbital region, and fragments of the posterior portion of the rostrum, including the prefrontal and lacrimal; left hemimandible, with 14 alveoli and 12 teeth; and a single cervical rib fragment. The specimen is associated with Peirosauridae by three cranial synapomorphies, and it can be assigned to a new genus and species by presenting seven cranial and one tooth apomorphies. To clarify the position of the new taxon, an updated phylogenetic analysis was performed with increased sampling of taxa of Notosuchia, especially Peirosauridae, and phylogenetically relevant characters. Our results indicated the monophyly of Peirosauridae, formed by two main lineages, the oreinirostral and presumably terrestrial Peirosaurinae and the longirostrine and presumably semi-aquatic Pepesuchinae. The recovering of both lineages as distinct entities was also reinforced through a morphospace analysis. Pepesuchinae were notable by exploring a position of the morphospace not explored by any other Notosuchia. Their longer rostra and the assumption of them being gradually specialized to aquatic habits reflects the unique diversity of these crocodyliforms through the Cretaceous deposits of South America and Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"574-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prey size and ecological separation in spinosaurid theropods based on heterodonty and rostrum shape","authors":"Domenic C. D'Amore,&nbsp;Evan Johnson-Ransom,&nbsp;Eric Snively,&nbsp;David W. E. Hone","doi":"10.1002/ar.25563","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Members of the dinosaur clade Spinosauridae had numerous traits attributed to feeding in or around water, and their feeding apparatus has often been considered analogous to modern crocodylians. Here we quantify the craniodental morphology of Spinosauridae and compare it to modern Crocodylia. We measured from spinosaurid and crocodylian skeletal material the area of alveoli as a proxy for tooth size to determine size-heterodonty. Geometric morphometrics were also conducted on tooth crowns and tooth bearing regions of the skull. Spinosaurids overall had relatively large alveoli, and both they, and crocodylians, had isolated regions of enlarged alveoli. Spinosaurines also had enlarged alveoli along the caudal dentary that baryonychines lacked, which instead had numerous additional caudal tooth positions. Size-heterodonty was positively allometric, and spinosaurids overlapped with generalist/macro-generalist crocodylians of similar sizes. Spinosaurid crown shape morphologies overlapped with certain slender-longirostrine crocodylians, yet lacked molariform distal crowns typical of most crocodylians. Spinosaurid rostra and mandibles were relatively deep with undulating margins correlating with local tooth sizes, which may indicate a developmental constraint. Spinosaurines had a particularly long concavity caudal to their rosette of anterior cranial teeth, with a corresponding bulbous rostral dentary. The spinosaurid feeding apparatus was well suited for quickly striking and creating deep punctures, but not cutting flesh or durophagy. The jaws interlocked to secure prey and move it deeper into the mouth. The baryonychines probably did little oral processing, yet spinosaurines could have processed relatively large vertebrates. Overall, there is no indication that spinosaurids were restricted to fish or small aquatic prey.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 5","pages":"1331-1348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}