Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"Histochemical indications for a chemically complex signal produced by the cervical gill slit gland of the pygmy sperm whale (Kogia breviceps)","authors":"Tiffany F. Keenan,&nbsp;William A. McLellan,&nbsp;Sentiel A. Rommel,&nbsp;Alexander M. Costidis,&nbsp;Craig A. Harms,&nbsp;J. G. M. Thewissen,&nbsp;Susan J. Rehorek,&nbsp;David S. Rotstein,&nbsp;Mark D. Gay,&nbsp;Alison R. Taylor,&nbsp;Heather N. Koopman,&nbsp;Ying Wang,&nbsp;Stephanie Kamel,&nbsp;D. Ann Pabst","doi":"10.1002/ar.25628","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pygmy sperm whale (<i>Kogia breviceps</i>) possesses an exocrine gland associated with its false gill slit pigmentation pattern. The cervical gill slit gland is a compound tubuloalveolar gland that produces a holocrine secretion and displays maturational changes in size and secretory histology. While the morphology of the cervical gill slit gland has been described in detail, to date, the chemical composition of its secretion remains uncharacterized. This study used histochemical staining techniques and quantitative lipid analysis to identify and characterize the constituents expressed in the secretory cells and secretion of the cervical gill slit gland. Results demonstrate that the secretion, like those of terrestrial artiodactyls that function in chemical communication, includes a complex mixture of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Differences in staining intensity across germinal and secretory epithelial layers demonstrate differential expression, or maturation, of mucins and proteins. Additionally, a highly unusual and primary constituent of the secretion is uric acid. Uric acid was identified within the secretion using histochemical stains and polarized light imaging, and chemically verified using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry. While uric acid is not a common constituent of mammalian exocrine glands, urate-based compounds are abundant in the secretions of marine organisms used in chemical communication. Thus, uric acid may contribute to the chemical message produced by <i>K. breviceps</i> in its marine environment. We hypothesize that the chemical signals produced by the gill slit gland may be shared at close-range by conspecifics, and that the mode of sensory reception is likely gustation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2413-2432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incisor cross-sectional area at the cementoenamel junction correlates with an increased reliance on frugivory in anthropoid primates","authors":"Andrew Deane,&nbsp;Elizabeth R. Agosto","doi":"10.1002/ar.25619","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25619","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diet is one of a limited set of key ecological parameters defining primate species. A detailed understanding of dental functional correlates with primate diet is a key component for accurate dietary inference in fossil primates. Although considerable effort has been devoted to understanding post-canine dental function, incisor function remains poorly understood. Prior analyses have demonstrated that anthropoid incisor mesiodistal (MD) and cervico-incisal (CI) crown curvature correlates with an increased reliance on frugivory and that greater incisor crown curvature functions to increase total crown area and, by extension, crown resistance to normal bending stresses (e.g., compressive and tensile forces). The present study investigates the correlation between incisor basal cross-sectional area at the cementoenamel junction (CA^cej) and the degree to which taxa rely on frugivory to better understand how non-normal forces (e.g., shear) may influence incisor morphology. Results demonstrate that, like resistance to bending stress, resistance to shear stress (as represented by the CA^cej), is positively correlated with an increased reliance on frugivory such that more frugivorous anthropoids have larger CA^cej relative to body mass and therefore greater resistance to shear stress. Likewise, hard-object frugivores have increased shear resistance relative to soft-object frugivores. A more detailed working understanding of the forces acting on primate incisors, and how these crowns resist those forces, will contribute to improving our understanding of how diet influences incisor morphology and the accuracy of dietary inference in fossil anthropoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2469-2489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nothing “pseudo” about the Pseudosuchia—members of this extraordinary clade thunder again into the pages of The Anatomical Record","authors":"Jeffrey T. Laitman,&nbsp;Heather F. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.25615","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25615","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Some animal groups have the right to ask the press for a do-over: “killer” whales, while clearly not vegans, are family-oriented giants who show caring and compassion; guinea “pigs,” while a bit pudgy in appearance, are rodents and in no evolutionary way cousins of pigs; likewise, prairie “dogs” are not related to a human's best friend and are rather cousins of New York City's formidable sewer rats; and the only flying “foxes” are probably the poor critters that were scared to death being hunted by hordes of English nobles, with such animals actually being fruit bats of the order Chiroptera. And, Pseudosuchia is also disrespectfully named, damning a host of varied reptiles to be labeled as some sort of “less than” or “false” relatives of crocodiles when they are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First off, a disclaimer: the authors of this editorial were weaned in the study of primates, that is, humans and our kin, monkeys, apes, and all historical relatives. Studying their history is, truthfully, not that difficult. Basically, everything revolves around us and who is most like us. Direct human-like relatives started to come about likely during the Miocene epoch, some 8–10 mya, and all of our primate-like relatives came creeping out from under tree stumps when the non-avian dinosaurs died out and mammals took over around 65 mya in the late Cretaceous. Easy stuff, really.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now, when it gets to who's who in the world of reptiles and their relatives—that is another story, and one you really have to be “in-the-know” to really know. Reptiles and the varied cousins began their path sometime in the remarkable Triassic period of the Mesozoic era that started some 251 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era (for a glimpse into the extraordinary diversity of life forms in the Triassic see the recent &lt;i&gt;Anatomical Record&lt;/i&gt; Special Issue, “The Dawn of an Era: New Contributions on Comparative and Functional Anatomy of Triassic Tetrapods,” Pinheiro, Pretto, Kerber, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Laitman &amp; Smith, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The term “Pseudosuchia” was created by German paleontologist Karl Alfred von Zittel in 1887–1890 (see Von Zittel, &lt;span&gt;1901&lt;/span&gt;) and used to identify a grouping of somewhat, or superficially, “crocodile-like” (&lt;i&gt;pseudos&lt;/i&gt; meaning false, &lt;i&gt;souchos&lt;/i&gt; meaning crocodile in ancient Greek) prehistoric Triassic reptiles of the clade Archosauria. The term Pseudosuchia was used to differentiate these superficially “crocodile-like” archosaurs from the more “bird-like” archosaurs often referred to as Avemetatarsalia. Over the years since the clade was anointed, numerous changes have occurred in fossil reptilian taxonomy and phylogeny. Groups have crept in and swam out; indeed, today, true crocodilians are frequently defined as a subset of Pseudosuchia (for a detailed dining experience on all things crocodilian, see the recent &lt;i&gt;Anatomical Record&lt;/i&gt; Special Issue, The Age of Crocodilians and their kin: Their Anatomy","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"235-237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae)","authors":"Mauricio Antón,&nbsp;Gema Siliceo,&nbsp;Juan Francisco Pastor,&nbsp;Qigao Jiangzuo,&nbsp;Manuel J. Salesa","doi":"10.1002/ar.25622","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Megantereon</i> was a widespread saber-toothed felid from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Old World and North America, but its rarity in the fossil record makes it complicated to restore its life appearance. Lack of complete specimens makes it necessary to combine information from fossils of different individuals to reconstruct their facial anatomy. In this work, we combine the analysis of skulls and mandibles of <i>Megantereon</i> from various fossil sites with the study of extant carnivorans through dissection, 3D scans, and the observation of live individuals. <i>Megantereon</i> combined very elongated upper canines with mandibular flanges that were not deep enough to match the length of the sabers, as well as a wide maxilla combined with narrow incisor rows and mandibular symphysis. Such features are compatible with the presence of exposed canines in life, because the narrow symphysis allows room to accommodate lips and other soft tissues medial to the sabers, while the protrusion of the tips of the upper canines beyond the mental flanges makes it unlikely that they would be enveloped in soft tissue sheaths, which would dangle with the inherent risk of puncture. <i>Megantereon</i> was transitional between saber-toothed felids with covered upper canines, where saber length fits with mental flange depth, and the derived <i>Smilodon</i> where the upper canines are much longer than the flanges and the lips fit between upper canines and mandible, leaving the upper canine crowns largely exposed in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 11","pages":"2924-2943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged or perpetual growth of replacement teeth in the rock hyrax","authors":"Timothy D. Smith,&nbsp;Laura Bento Da Costa,&nbsp;Sarah E. Downing,&nbsp;Christopher J. Bonar,&nbsp;Anne M. Burrows,&nbsp;Kristen A. Prufrock,&nbsp;Christopher J. Vinyard,&nbsp;Valerie B. DeLeon","doi":"10.1002/ar.25625","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25625","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tusks are ever-growing teeth present in mammals of the clade Paenungulata. Unlike the perpetually growing incisors of rodents, tusks are not used in mastication, and in at least some paenungulatans, the tusk is composed of dentin alone in adults. Few studies have provided tissue-level information on tusks of adult paenungulatans with embedding techniques that identify epithelial and other soft tissues. In order to examine the mineralized tissues as well as the cells that form teeth, we studied a single, subadult rock hyrax (<i>Procavia capensis</i>) using microCT and paraffin histology with traditional staining as well as RUNX2 immunohistochemistry, and compared its teeth to scans of adult hyraxes. Three-dimensional reconstructions from microCT volumes revealed that the tusk of this specimen is the only fully erupted replacement tooth, the first adult premolar (P1) is starting to erupt, and the first permanent molar (M1) is fully erupted, whereas all other replacement teeth and M2 remain in crypts. The tusk has a thin layer of enamel on its dorsal side; this is confirmed by histology. All deciduous premolars still possess roots that are in the process of resorption. Amelogenesis has progressed to maturation or nearly so in P1–P3. Notable histological characteristics of replacement premolars include the lack of a stellate reticulum in all except P4, and expression of RUNX2 in ameloblasts, a marker which is expressed by ameloblasts at all stages of amelogenesis. Since the pulp chambers of replacement premolars are relatively large compared to adults, a lengthy time in crypts may be important for dentin production. The results confirm that the hyrax has thin enamel on tusks, supporting the hypothesis that enamel is of limited importance for non-feeding behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 11","pages":"2863-2876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germinative dynamic, seasonality, and polyandry: A dive in neotropical point-belly frog reproduction","authors":"Rafael O. A. Bordin,&nbsp;Classius de Oliveira,&nbsp;Raquel F. Domeniconi","doi":"10.1002/ar.25627","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complexity and reproductive plasticity are very well-known characteristics of anurans. The group is being continuously explored taxonomically and phylogenetically, which leads to a great potential diversity not yet uncovered. This is particularly evident due to the lack of investigation regarding species-specific traits, even the ones well distributed in the lineages as polyandry. Although the climate and environment affect reproductive variability, each species has unique dynamics, and a deeper understanding of their reproductive cycles is essential for meaningful comparisons and recognition of patterns within the extensive variability observed in anurans. Given this context, the present study examined the reproductive and environmental parameters of the polyandrous species <i>Leptodactylus podicipinus</i> throughout its reproductive cycle over two consecutive years. The objective was to characterize the species' reproductive dynamics and compare them with phylogenetically related species and other polyandrous species, aiming to explore patterns and the influence of polyandry on anuran reproduction. The main reproductive activity of <i>L. podicipinus</i> was during the months with greater rainfall, from October to February. The seminiferous epithelium presented a higher mean of final germinative cells (spermatozoa) in the reproductive period (October–February) and early germinative cells (spermatocytes I and spermatids) in the non-reproductive period (March–September). Among the climatic parameters tested, rainfall was the only one significantly related to reproductive outcomes. Two distinct germinative patterns were identified between polyandric and non-polyandric species compared. Polyandry is certainly a trait that plays a significant role in shaping gametogenesis and the evolution of animals with this reproductive attribute.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2508-2518"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hindlimb locomotor biomechanics of the derived therizinosaur Nothronychus: Functional changes in the line to birds and convergence with large-bodied neornitheans","authors":"David K. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.25626","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Nothronychus graffami</i> was a large therizinosaur represented by a single well-preserved individual from the Turonian Tropic Shale of southern Utah. It is characterized by an enlarged abdomen, small tail, and an extensively pneumatized axial skeleton, and is frequently regarded as herbivorous. Given the overall tail reduction and the development of a wide fused synsacrum with widely spaced acetabulae, it is reconstructed with an anteriorly rotated femur and a displaced resting ground reaction force anterior to the center of mass. The axis of the ground reaction force would shift laterally during locomotion to maintain stability as observed in extant broad abdomened neornitheans. A waddling gait is inferred for <i>Nothronychus</i>. This pattern is significantly different than in <i>Falcarius</i>, a basal therizinosaurian, where a plesiomorphic narrow abdomen, narrowly spaced acetabulae, and altiliac ilium are observed. <i>Falcarius</i> was capable of a more cursorial gait than derived therizinosaurs. In contrast to <i>Nothronychus</i>, <i>Falcarius</i> was probably at least omnivorous to carnivorous, so herbivory almost certainly evolved within the therizinosaur lineage. Following previous work on <i>Tyrannosaurus</i> and <i>Coelophysis</i>, moment arms were computed for <i>Nothronychus</i> for major muscles spanning the hip, knee, and ankle. A ball-and-socket joint is present at the hip, so three-dimensional movement was considered possible there. The knee and ankle were represented by two-dimensional hinge joints. Some muscles altered their function as the pubis shifted from a propubic orientation to an opisthopubic one. These included flexion to extension and the addition of increased abduction/adduction in the affected muscles. The results supported convergence with an avian locomotor model, such as reduction in M. caudofemoralis longus.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2347-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring developmental changes in femoral midneck cross-sectional properties","authors":"Julia Muñoz-Guarinos,&nbsp;Laura Rodríguez,&nbsp;José Miguel Carretero,&nbsp;Rebeca García-González","doi":"10.1002/ar.25618","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research delves deeper into previous works on femoral cross-sectional properties during ontogeny by focusing for the first time on the human femoral midneck. The ontogenetic pattern of cross-sectional properties at femoral midneck is established and compared with those at three different femoral locations: the proximal femur, the midshaft, and the distal femur. The study sample includes 99 femora (70 non-adults and 29 adults) belonging to archaeological specimens. Cross-sectional properties were extracted from computed tomographic scans and analyzed with the MomentMacro plugin of ImageJ. Ontogenetic trends of these variables were assessed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing and segmented regressions, along with Wilcoxon post hoc tests for all possible age group pairings. Our results show that the femoral midneck exhibits a unique growth pattern. Area variables showed rapid growth until adolescence, followed by a more gradual increase leading into adulthood. Nonetheless, the relative cortical area does not demonstrate any significant drops or rise during growth. The morphology of the midneck section of the femur remains stable during ontogeny, with early adolescence and the onset of adulthood marking two periods of significant change. In contrast to the femoral diaphysis, the acquisition of a mature bipedal gait does not appear to constitute a period of significant morphological change at the femoral midneck cross section.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 8","pages":"2212-2233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of gonadal development in the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus)","authors":"Izabela Rams-Pociecha,&nbsp;Paulina C. Mizia,&nbsp;Rafal P. Piprek","doi":"10.1002/ar.25621","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25621","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chameleons are a family of lizards distinguished by several unique features related to their arboreal lifestyles, such as a ballistic tongue, skin color changes, independent movement of both eyes, a prehensile tail, and cleft hands and feet. The veiled chameleon (<i>Chamaeleo calyptratus</i>) has been proposed as a promising model species for studying squamate biology. Despite its potential, the developmental biology of this species remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of gonadal development. This study aimed to elucidate the development of the gonads in the veiled chameleon, from the initial appearance of the gonadal ridges through the sexual differentiation into ovaries and testes, to the establishment of the gonadal structures in both sexes. The study showed the accelerated appearance of gonadal primordia compared to the soma in the veiled chameleon, which is unique and possibly influenced by a prolonged in ovo development period due to the slowed rate of embryonic development in this species. The undifferentiated gonads are characterized by a voluminous medulla and a thin cortex. The process of gonadal sexual differentiation mirrors that seen in other vertebrates. Ovarian differentiation involves the development of a cortex containing germ cells and the loss of these cells in the medulla. Differentiated ovaries are characterized by a thin cortex and early induction of meiosis, leading to the formation of ovarian follicles before hatching. In contrast, testis differentiation involves the loss of germ cells from the cortex, its transformation into a thin epithelium, and the development of germ cell-containing testis cords in the medulla. The testis cords originate from invagination and remain without forming a lumen during embryogenesis. This comprehensive examination of gonadal development in the veiled chameleon provides important insights into sexual differentiation processes in this species. Moreover, it may stimulate further, broader studies in vertebrate developmental biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2490-2507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudosuchian thermometabolism: A review of the past two decades","authors":"Mathieu Gabriel Faure-Brac","doi":"10.1002/ar.25609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pseudosuchia, one of the two main clades of Archosauria, is today only represented by some 20 extant species, the crocodilians, representing only a fraction of its extinct diversity. Extant crocodilians are ectotherms but present morphological and anatomical features usually associated with endothermy. In 2004, it was proposed that pseudosuchians were ancestrally endothermic and the features observed in extant crocodilians are the remains of this lost legacy. This contribution has two parts: the first part covers 20 years of studies on this subject, first exploring the evidence for a loss of endothermy in extant crocodilians, before covering the variety of proxies used to infer the thermophymetabolic regime of extinct pseudosuchians. In the second part, the quantitative results of these previous studies are integrated into a comprehensive ancestral state reconstruction to discuss a potential scenario for the evolution of thermometabolism. Pseudosuchian endothermy would then have been lost close to the node Crocodylomorpha. The end-Triassic mass extinction is proposed to have played the role of a filter, leading to the extinction of endothermic pseudosuchians and the survival of ectothermic ones. This difference in survival in Pseudosuchia is compared to those of dinosaurs, and difference in their metabolism is also considered. Pseudosuchian endothermy might have been of a different level than the dinosaurian one and more studies are expected to clarify this question.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"315-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}