Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"Primary sulci formation in human cerebral cortex development.","authors":"Miyu Kumagai, Toru Kanahashi, Jun Matsubayashi, Hirohiko Imai, Hiroki Otani, Tetsuya Takakuwa","doi":"10.1002/ar.25637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to determine the timing of appearance and the morphologic and morphometric features of the initial human cerebral sulcal formation. Using high-resolution magnetic resonance images obtained from 33 samples between 11 and 16 weeks (w) of gestation (crown-rump length <130 mm), the cerebral surface and internal structures on serial two-dimensional planes and all possible sulci on three-dimensional reconstructions were marked, allowing comparison of the positions of the sulci in the samples and inter-samples. Our method provided accurate conclusions regarding the timing of sulcal formation. Detection timing was as early as and earlier than those in previous studies using anatomical dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively: <12 w for the callosum, <13 w for the hippocampal, calcarine, and parieto-occipital sulci, and < 15 w for the lateral sulcus. Occasionally, an olfactory sulcus was detected. However, the cingulate sulcus could not be definitely identified. The lateral sulcus gradually appeared and changed shape. The lengths of the left and right sides of the olfactory sulci and the left side of the hippocampal sulcus increased linearly with the CRL. The length of the right side of the hippocampal sulcus and the left and right sides of the calcarine, parieto-occipital, and not determined_a sulci did not increase with the CRL The depth of the all sulci, except for the parieto-occipital sulci, increased linearly with the CRL. The sulci might not arise as if they elongate gradually but arise simultaneously over some distance. We determined the timing of the initial sulcal formation using high-resolution MRI. Our findings may significantly impact prenatal diagnosis and research on neurodevelopmental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive cycles of the arboreal and viviparous snake Corallus hortulana (Serpentes, Boidae) from the Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Karina M P Silva, Lígia Pizzatto, Luciana Frazão, Selma M Almeida-Santos, Maria Ermelinda Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/ar.25634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the reproduction of some Boidae snakes has been studied through the macroscopic anatomy of the gonads, without microscopic morphology, there is little precision in describing reproductive cycles, especially for males. The relationship between the reproductive cycle-gametogenesis and reproductive seasonality throughout the year-has yet to be detailed for many Boidae species. We present macroscopic and histological data on the reproductive tracts of both male and viviparous female Corallus hortulana (Linnaeus 1758) (Amazon Tree Boa) from the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Males present spermiogenesis and spermiation mainly during January and June (wet season to beginning-dry season). Contrary to common assumption, we speculate that sperm production in C. hortulana, even in the tropical Amazon, is likely energetically demanding, influenced by rainfall, given that testicular involution occurred between May and November (most of the driest months of the year). Females present ovarian follicles in processes of vitellogenesis from December to August (wet season and part of the dry season). However, newborns are found in the wild mainly in the wet season, characterizing the cycle of female C. hortulana as seasonal. Unprecedentedly, we present the first microscopic description of the pouch and non-glandular uterus in a Boidae species. The cells that compose the epithelial tissue of the non-glandular uterus have been suggested for maintaining and supporting spermatozoa (sperm storage) in snakes, but we found no evidence that sperm storage occurs in this portion of the oviduct in C. hortulana. This study not only improves our understanding of reproductive biology in a boid, but because several aspects of reproductive cycles are conservative in the family (e.g., season of birth of newborn snakes), it aids in the development of effective conservation policies for endangered species such as Corallus cropanii, the rarest Boidae in the Americas.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bienotheroides wucaiensis sp. nov., a new tritylodontid (Cynodontia, Mammaliamorpha) from the Late Jurassic Shishugou Formation of Xinjiang, China","authors":"Jiawen Liu,&nbsp;Xing Xu,&nbsp;James M. Clark,&nbsp;Shundong Bi","doi":"10.1002/ar.25631","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Shishugou Formation of the Middle to Late Jurassic in Xinjiang, China, has produced abundant tetrapod fossils including dinosaurs and tritylodontids. <i>Bienotheroides</i> is a genus of highly specialized tritylodontids, characterized by a short and wide snout, ventrally expanded zygomatic process, strongly reduced maxilla, short and flat basisphenoid, and maxillary teeth cusp formula 2-3-3. Here, we report a new tritylodontid, <i>Bienotheroides wucaiensis</i> sp. nov. from the lower Upper Jurassic level of the formation at Wucaiwan, Xinjiang, Northwest China, represented by a well-preserved cranium and associated postcranial skeleton. Micro-computed tomography and 3D reconstruction reveal the medial view of the cranial structure and the replacement upper incisors, providing new anatomical information of <i>Bienotheroides</i>. The absence of a septomaxilla in <i>B. wucaiensis</i> reveals the homoplastic evolution of this feature within tritylodontids, as it remains in basal mammaliaforms but is lost in later descendants.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 10","pages":"2563-2597"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baby breaths: Honoring Kurt Albertine and his contributions to respiratory research in young mammals and to The Anatomical Record","authors":"Lisa A. Joss-Moore,&nbsp;Katherine E. Yutzey","doi":"10.1002/ar.25635","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In January 2021, Kurt Albertine, PhD, stepped down as the Editor of <i>The Anatomical Record</i> after 15 years of dedicated service. As Editor-In-Chief, he oversaw incredible growth, expanded scope, and increased impact of the journal. At the same time, he directed an active research lab in neonatal pulmonary biology at the University of Utah, with an exceptional track record of mentoring students, fellows, clinicians, and junior faculty. This special issue of <i>The Anatomical Record</i> honors Kurt's contributions to the journal, as well as to the fields of respiratory anatomy, physiology, and neonatology. Several of the invited papers were contributed by Kurt's collaborators and former trainees who cover topics related to neonatal lamb development, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal lung pathology, respiratory physiology, and the relationship of anatomy to function. Additional papers relating to Kurt's passion for dinosaur anatomy and human embryonic anatomy based on the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses. Kurt's tireless enthusiasm for the journal and devotion to the field are reflected in the papers in this special issue in his honor. His tenure at the journal was transformative and provided a foundation for continued growth and impact in anatomical sciences research from dinosaurs to clinical applications in humans. We celebrate Kurt's accomplishments and broader impact on anatomical sciences in this Special Issue of <i>The Anatomical Record</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 4","pages":"1018-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aging human larynx, presbyphonia, and voice quality: The evolutionary and social effects on listeners.","authors":"Benjamin M Laitman, Jeffrey T Laitman","doi":"10.1002/ar.25632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human voice is a major signal transmission modality for our species. Accordingly, perception of its quality serves as an intraspecific window into the status of an individual's health, robusticity, and even stature in the group. Diminished quality-as may occur in aging or certain diseases-is a major feature in the lessening of an individual's communication modality. Here, we review the underlying anatomy and function that comprise the voice producing elements-the vocal tract sensu lato-from the lungs through the larynx and supralaryngeal modifying elements. Aspects of the aging larynx and constituent elements such as the vocal folds (\"true vocal cords\") and intrinsic laryngeal joints, are discussed within the context of how their aging or disease degradation may affect an individual's speech and concomitant perception and interpretation by listeners. The aging voice is considered within the context of the overall effects of aging sensory systems in both humans and other mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? A case study of the mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui","authors":"Molly Tumelty,&nbsp;Stephan Lautenschlager","doi":"10.1002/ar.25630","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25630","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining the ecology of fossil species presents considerable challenges due to the often fragmentary preservation of specimens. The mammaliaform <i>Hadrocodium wui</i> from the Jurassic of China is known only from the cranium and mandible but may have had a fossorial lifestyle. It shares morphological similarities with talpid moles and soricid shrews and is closely related to other fossorial mammaliaforms. However, the lack of postcranial elements has so far precluded a definitive assessment regarding its fossorial behavior. Using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis of the lower mandible and finite element analyses of the cranium, comparisons between <i>H. wui</i> and extant groups are made. <i>H. wui</i> resembles talpid moles more closely than shrews in mandible shape. However, there are more similarities between <i>H. wui</i> and semi-fossorial/semi-aquatic moles than fully fossorial moles. The skull of <i>H. wui</i> is particularly weak in every tested biomechanical scenario when compared to the related mammaliaform <i>Morganucodon oehleri</i> and talpid moles. This weakness is potentially a result of the reduction in thickness of the zygomatic arch. In contrast, the shrew crania show similar stress magnitudes and distribution. These results imply that <i>H. wui</i> was not fully fossorial and fed on a diet of softer invertebrates. Skull morphology may therefore not be sufficient to infer fossoriality in forelimb-digging species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2371-2391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12329393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull","authors":"Valerie B. DeLeon,&nbsp;Timothy D. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.25614","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bones of the skull are traditionally categorized as derived from either endochondral or intramembranous bone. In our previous work, we have observed the interaction of different tissue types in growth of the skull. We find the dichotomy of intramembranous and endochondral bone to be too restrictive, limiting our interpretation of sources of biological variation. Here, we advocate for the use of the term <i>ectochondral</i> bone to describe bone that originates from an endochondral model but is directed in its subsequent growth by membranes and other fascial attachments. Growth of the alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid are described as two examples of ectochondral bone, influenced in their shape primarily by the surrounding soft tissues. Ectochondral bone may be an ideal mechanism for rapidly evolving new phenotypes. Instead of evolving novelties by altering morphology of the cartilage template, novel features may be formed by ectochondral ossification, a more direct and rapid mode of osteogenesis than that of the cartilage template.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 7","pages":"1884-1892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up morphological differentiation of pangolin scales: Serial, ontogenetic and evolutionary variation","authors":"Benoît Moison,&nbsp;Sylvain Gerber,&nbsp;Andréa Filippo,&nbsp;Maxime Grosmougin,&nbsp;Jocelyn Falconnet,&nbsp;Nicolas Rinder,&nbsp;Philippe Gaubert,&nbsp;Lionel Hautier,&nbsp;Guillaume Billet","doi":"10.1002/ar.25624","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pangolins are the most heavily trafficked mammals in the world, largely because of the high demand for their keratinous scales from the traditional Chinese medicine market. While seizures of pangolin material are largely composed of isolated scales, efficient approaches to reach species-level identification are missing. This mostly originates from the lack of comparative studies on the shape of pangolin scales, resulting in knowledge gaps on the imbricated effects of serial, ontogenetic, and evolutionary variations. Using a large sample of micro-CT scan data, we performed the first quantitative 3D analysis of scale shape variation among the eight species of extant pangolins. Our geometric morphometric approach suggests that pangolins grossly share similar trends of serial variation, with scale shape and size being similarly distinct across the different body regions. Relative elongation is by far the main component of scale shape variation at the intraspecific level, although degree of asymmetry and shape of scale bed area also allow distinction among different body areas, especially in adults. At the evolutionary level, <i>Phataginus</i> is the most distinctive genus, with <i>P. tricuspis</i> having the most elongated scales overall. Scales of the back (dorsum) appear to be the best discriminator between species, providing one of the few scale shape differences recorded between the genera <i>Smutsia</i> and <i>Manis</i>. Our results provide an unprecedented, upstream understanding of broad differentiation patterns across the scaled body of pangolins. Together with other yet-to-be-explored morphological traits (e.g., scale size, ornamentation, and thickness), scale shape could provide a valuable matrix of information for forensic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 9","pages":"2392-2412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography enhances our knowledge of the skull anatomy of a Late Triassic ecteniniid cynodont with hypercanines","authors":"Leonardo Kerber,&nbsp;Rodrigo T. Müller,&nbsp;Daniel de Simão-Oliveira,&nbsp;Flávio A. Pretto,&nbsp;Agustín G. Martinelli,&nbsp;Iasmim M. Michelotti,&nbsp;Julien Benoit,&nbsp;Pedro H. Fonseca,&nbsp;Romain David,&nbsp;Vincent Fernandez,&nbsp;Kenneth D. Angielczyk,&nbsp;Ricardo Araújo","doi":"10.1002/ar.25616","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hypercanines, or hypertrophied canines, are observed in a wide range of both extinct and extant synapsids. In non-mammaliaform cynodonts, the Permo-Triassic forerunners of mammals, long canines are not uncommon, appearing in several unrelated taxa within the clade. Among them is <i>Trucidocynodon riograndensis</i>, a carnivorous ecteniniid cynodont from the Late Triassic of Brazil, which exhibits a specialized dentition, including spear-shaped incisors, very long and narrow canines, and sectorial postcanines with distally oriented cusps, all of which have finely serrated margins. Recent synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography of a large specimen (CAPPA/UFSM 0029; Várzea do Agudo site, Brazil) provides new insights into its lower jaw and dentition, as well as offers the first digital endocast of an ecteniniid. Our study reveals the presence of (i) putatively opened-root canines in the adult stage and the possible presence of unresorbed remnant of an old canine, which may indicate that the specimen stopped replacing its canines; (ii) lower canines that are longer than the upper canines and, in occlusion, were kept inside deep paracanine fossae that perforated the dorsal surface of the rostrum; (iii) a diastema between the incisors and lower canine, which is absent in the holotype; (iv) advanced brain structures, such as the absence of a pineal body, presence of cerebral hemispheres divided by the interhemispheric sulcus and expanded laterally, and a higher encephalization quotient than non-mammaliaform prozostrodonts, reflecting the homoplastic evolution of relative brain sizes observed in Triassic cynodont lineages. Finally, the abundance of carnivorous and omnivorous species at the Várzea do Agudo site, where the specimen was found—including the archosauriforms <i>Dynamosuchus collisensis</i> and <i>Stenoscelida aurantiacus</i>—suggests a diverse predator guild that warrants further investigation from a paleoecological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 11","pages":"2877-2895"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142973148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Inhibition of ferroptosis of renal tubular cells with total flavones of Abelmoschus manihot alleviates diabetic tubulopathy”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ar.25617","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25617","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wang, M.-Z., Cai, Y.-F., Fang, Q.-J., Liu, Y.-L., Wang, J., Chen, J.-X., Fu, Y., Wan, B.-Y., Tu, Y., Wu, W., Wan, Y.-G., &amp; Mu, G.-L. (2023). Inhibition of ferroptosis of renal tubular cells with total flavones of <i>Abelmoschus manihot</i> alleviates diabetic tubulopathy. The Anatomical Record, 306(12), 3199–3213. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25123</p><p>In the originally-published article, author Yi-Gang Wan's affiliation is incorrect. The correct affiliation is:</p><p>Yi-Gang Wan^1,3</p><p>¹Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.</p><p>³Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.</p><p>Figure 7 is incorrect due to image overlap and the representative characteristics of the image being unclear. The correct Figure 7 is included below.</p><p><b>FIGURE 7</b> The ferroptosis-related changes triggered by AGEs in vitro. (a) The cell viability of the NRK-52E cells cultured in the media with various AGEs concentrations for 24 and 48 h, respectively; (b) The cell viability of the NRK-52E cells cultured in the media with various RSL-3 concentrations for 24 h; (c) FerroOrange staining in the NRK-52E cells (×800). Scale bar = 20 μm; (d) The production of ROS in the NRK-52E cells (×800). Scale bar = 20 μm; (e) The quantification of Fe²⁺ formation fluorescence intensity; (f) The quantification of ROS formation fluorescence intensity. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. **<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01.</p><p>Figure 8(f) is incorrect due to an overlapped image. The correct Figure 8 is included below.</p><p><b>FIGURE 8</b> The effects of TFA and dapagliflozin (Dapa) on ferroptosis-related changes in vitro. (a) The cell viability in the cultured NRK-52E cells exposed to AGEs at 200 μg/mL for 48 h with or without TFA at 5, 10, 20, and 30 μg/mL for 24 h; (b) The cell viability in the cultured NRK-52E cells exposed to AGEs at 200 μg/mL for 48 h with or without Dapa at 10, 20, 50, and 100 μM for 24 h; (c) The cell viability of the NRK-52E cells cultured in the media with various Fer-1 concentrations for 24 h; (d) The cell viability in the cultured NRK-52E cells exposed to AGEs at 200 μg/mL for 48 h with or without Fer-1 at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 μM for 24 h; (e) FerroOrange staining in the NRK-52E cells (×800). Scale bar = 20 μm; (f) The production of ROS in the NRK-52E cells (×800). Scale bar = 20 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. **<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 8","pages":"2275-2277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142958337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}