Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology最新文献

{"title":"Baby breaths: Honoring Kurt Albertine and his contributions to respiratory research in young mammals and to The Anatomical Record","authors":"Lisa A. Joss-Moore,&nbsp;Katherine E. Yutzey","doi":"10.1002/ar.25635","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In January 2021, Kurt Albertine, PhD, stepped down as the Editor of <i>The Anatomical Record</i> after 15 years of dedicated service. As Editor-In-Chief, he oversaw incredible growth, expanded scope, and increased impact of the journal. At the same time, he directed an active research lab in neonatal pulmonary biology at the University of Utah, with an exceptional track record of mentoring students, fellows, clinicians, and junior faculty. This special issue of <i>The Anatomical Record</i> honors Kurt's contributions to the journal, as well as to the fields of respiratory anatomy, physiology, and neonatology. Several of the invited papers were contributed by Kurt's collaborators and former trainees who cover topics related to neonatal lamb development, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, postnatal lung pathology, respiratory physiology, and the relationship of anatomy to function. Additional papers relating to Kurt's passion for dinosaur anatomy and human embryonic anatomy based on the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos and Fetuses. Kurt's tireless enthusiasm for the journal and devotion to the field are reflected in the papers in this special issue in his honor. His tenure at the journal was transformative and provided a foundation for continued growth and impact in anatomical sciences research from dinosaurs to clinical applications in humans. We celebrate Kurt's accomplishments and broader impact on anatomical sciences in this Special Issue of <i>The Anatomical Record</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 4","pages":"1018-1025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The aging human larynx, presbyphonia, and voice quality: The evolutionary and social effects on listeners.","authors":"Benjamin M Laitman, Jeffrey T Laitman","doi":"10.1002/ar.25632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human voice is a major signal transmission modality for our species. Accordingly, perception of its quality serves as an intraspecific window into the status of an individual's health, robusticity, and even stature in the group. Diminished quality-as may occur in aging or certain diseases-is a major feature in the lessening of an individual's communication modality. Here, we review the underlying anatomy and function that comprise the voice producing elements-the vocal tract sensu lato-from the lungs through the larynx and supralaryngeal modifying elements. Aspects of the aging larynx and constituent elements such as the vocal folds (\"true vocal cords\") and intrinsic laryngeal joints, are discussed within the context of how their aging or disease degradation may affect an individual's speech and concomitant perception and interpretation by listeners. The aging voice is considered within the context of the overall effects of aging sensory systems in both humans and other mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cranial anatomy indicative of fossoriality? A case study of the mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui.","authors":"Molly Tumelty, Stephan Lautenschlager","doi":"10.1002/ar.25630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determining the ecology of fossil species presents considerable challenges due to the often fragmentary preservation of specimens. The mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui from the Jurassic of China is known only from the cranium and mandible but may have had a fossorial lifestyle. It shares morphological similarities with talpid moles and soricid shrews and is closely related to other fossorial mammaliaforms. However, the lack of postcranial elements has so far precluded a definitive assessment regarding its fossorial behavior. Using a combination of geometric morphometric analysis of the lower mandible and finite element analyses of the cranium, comparisons between H. wui and extant groups are made. H. wui resembles talpid moles more closely than shrews in mandible shape. However, there are more similarities between H. wui and semi-fossorial/semi-aquatic moles than fully fossorial moles. The skull of H. wui is particularly weak in every tested biomechanical scenario when compared to the related mammaliaform Morganucodon oehleri and talpid moles. This weakness is potentially a result of the reduction in thickness of the zygomatic arch. In contrast, the shrew crania show similar stress magnitudes and distribution. These results imply that H. wui was not fully fossorial and fed on a diet of softer invertebrates. Skull morphology may therefore not be sufficient to infer fossoriality in forelimb-digging species.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of ectochondral bone and the role of membranes in shaping endochondral bones of the skull.","authors":"Valerie B DeLeon, Timothy D Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.25614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bones of the skull are traditionally categorized as derived from either endochondral or intramembranous bone. In our previous work, we have observed the interaction of different tissue types in growth of the skull. We find the dichotomy of intramembranous and endochondral bone to be too restrictive, limiting our interpretation of sources of biological variation. Here, we advocate for the use of the term ectochondral bone to describe bone that originates from an endochondral model but is directed in its subsequent growth by membranes and other fascial attachments. Growth of the alisphenoid and orbitosphenoid are described as two examples of ectochondral bone, influenced in their shape primarily by the surrounding soft tissues. Ectochondral bone may be an ideal mechanism for rapidly evolving new phenotypes. Instead of evolving novelties by altering morphology of the cartilage template, novel features may be formed by ectochondral ossification, a more direct and rapid mode of osteogenesis than that of the cartilage template.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nothing “pseudo” about the Pseudosuchia—members of this extraordinary clade thunder again into the pages of The Anatomical Record","authors":"Jeffrey T. Laitman,&nbsp;Heather F. Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.25615","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25615","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Some animal groups have the right to ask the press for a do-over: “killer” whales, while clearly not vegans, are family-oriented giants who show caring and compassion; guinea “pigs,” while a bit pudgy in appearance, are rodents and in no evolutionary way cousins of pigs; likewise, prairie “dogs” are not related to a human's best friend and are rather cousins of New York City's formidable sewer rats; and the only flying “foxes” are probably the poor critters that were scared to death being hunted by hordes of English nobles, with such animals actually being fruit bats of the order Chiroptera. And, Pseudosuchia is also disrespectfully named, damning a host of varied reptiles to be labeled as some sort of “less than” or “false” relatives of crocodiles when they are not.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First off, a disclaimer: the authors of this editorial were weaned in the study of primates, that is, humans and our kin, monkeys, apes, and all historical relatives. Studying their history is, truthfully, not that difficult. Basically, everything revolves around us and who is most like us. Direct human-like relatives started to come about likely during the Miocene epoch, some 8–10 mya, and all of our primate-like relatives came creeping out from under tree stumps when the non-avian dinosaurs died out and mammals took over around 65 mya in the late Cretaceous. Easy stuff, really.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Now, when it gets to who's who in the world of reptiles and their relatives—that is another story, and one you really have to be “in-the-know” to really know. Reptiles and the varied cousins began their path sometime in the remarkable Triassic period of the Mesozoic era that started some 251 million years ago (mya) at the end of the Permian Period of the Paleozoic Era (for a glimpse into the extraordinary diversity of life forms in the Triassic see the recent &lt;i&gt;Anatomical Record&lt;/i&gt; Special Issue, “The Dawn of an Era: New Contributions on Comparative and Functional Anatomy of Triassic Tetrapods,” Pinheiro, Pretto, Kerber, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; Laitman &amp; Smith, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). The term “Pseudosuchia” was created by German paleontologist Karl Alfred von Zittel in 1887–1890 (see Von Zittel, &lt;span&gt;1901&lt;/span&gt;) and used to identify a grouping of somewhat, or superficially, “crocodile-like” (&lt;i&gt;pseudos&lt;/i&gt; meaning false, &lt;i&gt;souchos&lt;/i&gt; meaning crocodile in ancient Greek) prehistoric Triassic reptiles of the clade Archosauria. The term Pseudosuchia was used to differentiate these superficially “crocodile-like” archosaurs from the more “bird-like” archosaurs often referred to as Avemetatarsalia. Over the years since the clade was anointed, numerous changes have occurred in fossil reptilian taxonomy and phylogeny. Groups have crept in and swam out; indeed, today, true crocodilians are frequently defined as a subset of Pseudosuchia (for a detailed dining experience on all things crocodilian, see the recent &lt;i&gt;Anatomical Record&lt;/i&gt; Special Issue, The Age of Crocodilians and their kin: Their Anatomy","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"235-237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.25615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposed weapons: A revised reconstruction of the facial anatomy and life appearance of the saber-toothed cat Megantereon (Felidae, Machairodontinae).","authors":"Mauricio Antón, Gema Siliceo, Juan Francisco Pastor, Qigao Jiangzuo, Manuel J Salesa","doi":"10.1002/ar.25622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Megantereon was a widespread saber-toothed felid from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of the Old World and North America, but its rarity in the fossil record makes it complicated to restore its life appearance. Lack of complete specimens makes it necessary to combine information from fossils of different individuals to reconstruct their facial anatomy. In this work, we combine the analysis of skulls and mandibles of Megantereon from various fossil sites with the study of extant carnivorans through dissection, 3D scans, and the observation of live individuals. Megantereon combined very elongated upper canines with mandibular flanges that were not deep enough to match the length of the sabers, as well as a wide maxilla combined with narrow incisor rows and mandibular symphysis. Such features are compatible with the presence of exposed canines in life, because the narrow symphysis allows room to accommodate lips and other soft tissues medial to the sabers, while the protrusion of the tips of the upper canines beyond the mental flanges makes it unlikely that they would be enveloped in soft tissue sheaths, which would dangle with the inherent risk of puncture. Megantereon was transitional between saber-toothed felids with covered upper canines, where saber length fits with mental flange depth, and the derived Smilodon where the upper canines are much longer than the flanges and the lips fit between upper canines and mandible, leaving the upper canine crowns largely exposed in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged or perpetual growth of replacement teeth in the rock hyrax.","authors":"Timothy D Smith, Laura Bento Da Costa, Sarah E Downing, Christopher J Bonar, Anne M Burrows, Kristen A Prufrock, Christopher J Vinyard, Valerie B DeLeon","doi":"10.1002/ar.25625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tusks are ever-growing teeth present in mammals of the clade Paenungulata. Unlike the perpetually growing incisors of rodents, tusks are not used in mastication, and in at least some paenungulatans, the tusk is composed of dentin alone in adults. Few studies have provided tissue-level information on tusks of adult paenungulatans with embedding techniques that identify epithelial and other soft tissues. In order to examine the mineralized tissues as well as the cells that form teeth, we studied a single, subadult rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) using microCT and paraffin histology with traditional staining as well as RUNX2 immunohistochemistry, and compared its teeth to scans of adult hyraxes. Three-dimensional reconstructions from microCT volumes revealed that the tusk of this specimen is the only fully erupted replacement tooth, the first adult premolar (P1) is starting to erupt, and the first permanent molar (M1) is fully erupted, whereas all other replacement teeth and M2 remain in crypts. The tusk has a thin layer of enamel on its dorsal side; this is confirmed by histology. All deciduous premolars still possess roots that are in the process of resorption. Amelogenesis has progressed to maturation or nearly so in P1-P3. Notable histological characteristics of replacement premolars include the lack of a stellate reticulum in all except P4, and expression of RUNX2 in ameloblasts, a marker which is expressed by ameloblasts at all stages of amelogenesis. Since the pulp chambers of replacement premolars are relatively large compared to adults, a lengthy time in crypts may be important for dentin production. The results confirm that the hyrax has thin enamel on tusks, supporting the hypothesis that enamel is of limited importance for non-feeding behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germinative dynamic, seasonality, and polyandry: A dive in neotropical point-belly frog reproduction.","authors":"Rafael O A Bordin, Classius de Oliveira, Raquel F Domeniconi","doi":"10.1002/ar.25627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Complexity and reproductive plasticity are very well-known characteristics of anurans. The group is being continuously explored taxonomically and phylogenetically, which leads to a great potential diversity not yet uncovered. This is particularly evident due to the lack of investigation regarding species-specific traits, even the ones well distributed in the lineages as polyandry. Although the climate and environment affect reproductive variability, each species has unique dynamics, and a deeper understanding of their reproductive cycles is essential for meaningful comparisons and recognition of patterns within the extensive variability observed in anurans. Given this context, the present study examined the reproductive and environmental parameters of the polyandrous species Leptodactylus podicipinus throughout its reproductive cycle over two consecutive years. The objective was to characterize the species' reproductive dynamics and compare them with phylogenetically related species and other polyandrous species, aiming to explore patterns and the influence of polyandry on anuran reproduction. The main reproductive activity of L. podicipinus was during the months with greater rainfall, from October to February. The seminiferous epithelium presented a higher mean of final germinative cells (spermatozoa) in the reproductive period (October-February) and early germinative cells (spermatocytes I and spermatids) in the non-reproductive period (March-September). Among the climatic parameters tested, rainfall was the only one significantly related to reproductive outcomes. Two distinct germinative patterns were identified between polyandric and non-polyandric species compared. Polyandry is certainly a trait that plays a significant role in shaping gametogenesis and the evolution of animals with this reproductive attribute.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of gonadal development in the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus).","authors":"Izabela Rams-Pociecha, Paulina C Mizia, Rafal P Piprek","doi":"10.1002/ar.25621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.25621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chameleons are a family of lizards distinguished by several unique features related to their arboreal lifestyles, such as a ballistic tongue, skin color changes, independent movement of both eyes, a prehensile tail, and cleft hands and feet. The veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus) has been proposed as a promising model species for studying squamate biology. Despite its potential, the developmental biology of this species remains poorly understood, particularly in terms of gonadal development. This study aimed to elucidate the development of the gonads in the veiled chameleon, from the initial appearance of the gonadal ridges through the sexual differentiation into ovaries and testes, to the establishment of the gonadal structures in both sexes. The study showed the accelerated appearance of gonadal primordia compared to the soma in the veiled chameleon, which is unique and possibly influenced by a prolonged in ovo development period due to the slowed rate of embryonic development in this species. The undifferentiated gonads are characterized by a voluminous medulla and a thin cortex. The process of gonadal sexual differentiation mirrors that seen in other vertebrates. Ovarian differentiation involves the development of a cortex containing germ cells and the loss of these cells in the medulla. Differentiated ovaries are characterized by a thin cortex and early induction of meiosis, leading to the formation of ovarian follicles before hatching. In contrast, testis differentiation involves the loss of germ cells from the cortex, its transformation into a thin epithelium, and the development of germ cell-containing testis cords in the medulla. The testis cords originate from invagination and remain without forming a lumen during embryogenesis. This comprehensive examination of gonadal development in the veiled chameleon provides important insights into sexual differentiation processes in this species. Moreover, it may stimulate further, broader studies in vertebrate developmental biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142885674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudosuchian thermometabolism: A review of the past two decades","authors":"Mathieu Gabriel Faure-Brac","doi":"10.1002/ar.25609","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.25609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pseudosuchia, one of the two main clades of Archosauria, is today only represented by some 20 extant species, the crocodilians, representing only a fraction of its extinct diversity. Extant crocodilians are ectotherms but present morphological and anatomical features usually associated with endothermy. In 2004, it was proposed that pseudosuchians were ancestrally endothermic and the features observed in extant crocodilians are the remains of this lost legacy. This contribution has two parts: the first part covers 20 years of studies on this subject, first exploring the evidence for a loss of endothermy in extant crocodilians, before covering the variety of proxies used to infer the thermophymetabolic regime of extinct pseudosuchians. In the second part, the quantitative results of these previous studies are integrated into a comprehensive ancestral state reconstruction to discuss a potential scenario for the evolution of thermometabolism. Pseudosuchian endothermy would then have been lost close to the node Crocodylomorpha. The end-Triassic mass extinction is proposed to have played the role of a filter, leading to the extinction of endothermic pseudosuchians and the survival of ectothermic ones. This difference in survival in Pseudosuchia is compared to those of dinosaurs, and difference in their metabolism is also considered. Pseudosuchian endothermy might have been of a different level than the dinosaurian one and more studies are expected to clarify this question.</p>","PeriodicalId":50965,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical Record-Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology","volume":"308 2","pages":"315-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}